scholarly journals Vibrações, Ruído e Hipoacusia: associação fisiopatológica ou não?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S137-S148
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Sympathetic Vasoconstriction

Introduction / framework / objectives Vibrations and noise are two reasonably prevalent occupational risk factors and, in many situations, present together. If a pathophysiological association between them is real, it will be very relevant to verify this, in order to readjust, if necessary, the vibration and noise limits considered safe. Methodology This is an Scoping Review, initiated by a September 2019 survey of the “Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, CINALH plus with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, SCOPUS and RCAAP.” Content Some researchers have quantified higher hearing losses in workers simultaneously exposed to noise and vibrations; however, workers exposed to vibration from work instruments are generally also exposed to higher levels of noise. If there is a pathophysiological link between these two occupational risk factors, it is believed that this may be related to the theory of sympathetic vasoconstriction (observed in white-finger syndrome) and may also damage the cochlea, producing ischemic damage to the hair cells. Another hypothesis points out that some work tools may give rise to vibrations that can reach the inner ear directly, through bone conduction (especially at the temporal level). Conclusions Most of the studies consulted did not have a very robust methodology that allows a rigorous evaluation of whether the most intense hypoacusis in individuals simultaneously exposed to vibration results from a true pathophysiological association, or if it is only a statistical bias. It would be interesting for occupational health teams to investigate on clients with workers simultaneously exposed to these two risk factors (and, if possible, with combinations of different intensities), in order to produce knowledge capable of enhancing occupational health and safety.

scholarly journals Radiação Ótica Artificial em contexto de Saúde Ocupacional- a Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S112-s122
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Cochrane Database

Introduction / framework / objectives Most workers and professionals working in Occupational Health teams will not particularly value this occupational risk factor, especially when compared with others that may also exist in the workplace; therefore, knowledge about this area is not particularly developed, nor is the bibliography abundant. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent and pertinent publications on the subject. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated by a September 2019 search of the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content Many workers are exposed to this radiation, particularly through lighting and computer displays; therefore, the rule of suppressing exposure (as sometimes attempted to do with other risks) does not have the same applicability in this context. In areas such as Health and in some Shows/ Art manifestations the limits of the directives can be overcome. Any artificial light, internal or external, also fits in this concept (even from motor vehicles). It is particularly frequent in the following professional sectors/ tasks: high temperature work (glass or metal), graphic work, aesthetic treatments, indoor work with powerful lighting, sterilization, welding, laser welding in plastic manufacturing, activities material processing (cutting, marking, drilling/ photolithography), optical measurement, communications, optical information storage and spectroscopy. Conclusions The theme does not adresses the same attention as other occupational risk factors, so it is poorly developed and some of the population will not even know it exists. It would be interesting for national Occupational Health teams, with clients with large numbers of employees exposed, to better investigate the issue, quantifying the knowledge of workers/ managers and employers, recording the semiology and associated pathologies, clarifying which radiation subtypes are involved in the various tasks, also suggesting valid collective and individual protection measures (specifying model and/ or materials).

Tatuadores: principais Fatores de Risco e Riscos Laborais, Doenças Profissionais associadas e Medidas de Proteção recomendadas

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-58
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Individual Protection

Introduction/ objectives Over the last few decades getting tattoos has been progressively better accepted by society in most countries; thus, the number of establishments and professionals in the area has also increased. However, since it is a recent activity and with heterogeneous norms/ licensing, these individuals often escape the evaluation by Occupational Health. The literature on this subject is scarce. This review was intended to characterize the profession of tattoo artist with regard to: vocational training; main risk factors/ occupational risks; more prevalent semiology and associated major diseases; work accidents; collective/ individual protection measures adopted and associated legislation. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2019 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP. Content In most countries, a person can work in the area without having specific qualifications; the products can be purchased via internet and the rules for opening the establishment vary locally. Given the absence of norms that parameterize the necessary qualifications to exercise, the same happens in the process of teaching in this sector. The main occupational risks/ risk factors are the quimical and biological agents, vibrations, noise, forced/ maintained postures, repetitive movements, visual effort, handling needles and sharps and prolonged shifts. Musculoskeletal semiology is very prevalent. Discussion / Conclusions / Limitations / Projects for the Future The risk factors are very similar to other professional sectors, such as dental medicine, which has already been studied in detail. Most of the few published documents on Tattoo Artists have a simplistic methodology and the samples are small. In addition, the absence of uniform labor standards and licensing undermines safe work. It would be very important that these arise and be progressively perfected. In a post-implementation phase, it would be desirable to have an institution with the capacity and authority to monitor compliance and to require the correction of identified problems. Similarly, it would also be interesting if the education process were also formalized and compulsory, perhaps starting at a technical level and evolving (if the progression of the sector allows or requires), to other degree.

Métodos para detetar o Risco de surgirem Lesões Músculo-Esqueléticas relacionadas com o Trabalho- sabemos o suficiente?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Almost All

Introduction / background / objectives Work-related Musculoskeletal Injuries are prevalent and relevant. There are several methods for detecting risk, depending on the tasks performed. However, not all professionals working in the Occupational Health teams have well-structured knowledge or practical experience in most of these methods. Methodology It is a Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2020, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP ”. Content There are several categories of methods for assessing the risk of Musculoskeletal Lesions Related to Work. For that we have, in a very synthetic way, the self-assessment questionnaires (completed by the workers), the observational methods (more or less complex) and the direct methods. This work describes in detail OWAS, RULA, REBA, NIOSH Equation and Strain Index. Conclusions Articles are easily found in indexed databases that mention that they used them, but due to the limitations imposed by most journals in view of the size of the document, almost all authors only mention the name of the method they used and, at most, make a description very synthetic of it. In turn, in some Master’s or Doctoral Theses (where this problem does not exist), a more detailed methodological description can be found, but even so, it is not always possible to understand in practice how to use all methods or we find discreetly different versions, result of adaptations or a mixture of methods, carried out over the decades. Any professional on an Occupational Health Team will have a reasonable sense of what are the most damaging tasks; however, presenting this evidence, attenuating subjectivity and making use of the hierarchy that mathematical scales can offer, makes evaluations more scientific, rigorous and easier to be accepted as valid by the Employer/ Representatives/ Workers and, consequently, increase the receptivity to proposed measures to mitigate/ correct the problem and reassess it after this phase. It would be desirable for all professionals in the field to have at least a generic idea of ​​the existing methods and to know where they can go to obtain more information, in order to execute these techniques, if necessary.

scholarly journals Occupational Histoplasmosis: Epidemiology and Prevention Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Marie A. de Perio ◽  
Kaitlin Benedict ◽  
Samantha L. Williams ◽  
Christine Niemeier-Walsh ◽  
Brett J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors

In areas where Histoplasma is endemic in the environment, occupations involving activities exposing workers to soil that contains bird or bat droppings may pose a risk for histoplasmosis. Occupational exposures are frequently implicated in histoplasmosis outbreaks. In this paper, we review the literature on occupationally acquired histoplasmosis. We describe the epidemiology, occupational risk factors, and prevention measures according to the hierarchy of controls.

scholarly journals Occupational risk factors for chronic kidney disease in Andhra Pradesh: ‘Uddanam Nephropathy’

Renal Failure ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1032-1041
Author(s):  
Youssef M. K. Farag ◽  
Kuyilan Karai Subramanian ◽  
Vikrum A. Singh ◽  
Ravi Raju Tatapudi ◽  
Ajay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors
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