scholarly journals Anticonvulsant actions of ethanol stem bark extract of Trichilia roka (Meliaceae) in mice and chicks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Kamaluddeen Garba ◽  
◽  
Abdullahi Yaro Hamza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sizeable Number

The current antiseizure drugs present with side effects, some of which can lead to discontinuation of epilepsy pharmacotherapy, and a sizeable number of other drugs being less efficacious. Medicinal plants are used for the treatment of epilepsy in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the stem bark extract of Trichilia roka in mice and chicks. Anticonvulsant screening was carried using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), strychnine (STN) and picrotoxin (PCT) induced seizures while Maximal electroshock (MEST) test in day old chicks. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out on the extract using conventional protocols. The LD50 was determined in mice. The intraperitoneal LD50 was calculated to be 118.32 mg/kg in mice. Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, anthraquinones and steroids were found to be present. Significant (p≤0.05) prolongation of the mean onset of seizures was recorded with Trichilia roka (15 and 30 mg/kg) compared with normal saline treated groups in PTZ induced seizures. Trichilia roka at all the doses tested did not significantly reduce the mean recovery time of seizures induced by MEST. The extract at 7.5 and 15 mg/kg prolonged the latency of convulsion induced by STN. The extract failed to show significant prolongation of the latency of seizures induced by picrotoxin. It can then be inferred, that Trichilia roka contained bioactive constituents that are beneficial in petit mal epilepsy and justify their use in Traditional Medicine.

scholarly journals IN-VIVO ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF VITELLARIA PARADOXA GAERTN F. (SAPOTACEAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Z. Abdullahi ◽  
A. A. Jimoh ◽  
B. E. Patrick ◽  
M. I. Yakubu ◽  
D. Mallam
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Different parts of Vitellaria paradoxa plant have many applications in ethno-medicine. Some of the uses of this plant include treatment of diarrhoea and other GIT disorders. In this study the antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of Vitellaria paradoxa was evaluated using three experimental models: Castor oil-induced diarrhoea; small intestinal motility and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) models in mice. Five groups of five mice were used for each model. Group one mice received 10 ml/kg of distilled water, while groups 2, 3, and 4 received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract orally respectively. Group 5 mice received Loperamide 5 mg/kg orally. Oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined using OECD (2008) Guideline 425. Phytochemical studies were conducted using standard procedures. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight and there were no signs of mortality or visible signs of toxicity in all the mice treated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones glycosides. Extract showed a dose-dependent anti-diarrhoeal activity by reducing stool frequency and consistency. The extract at the higher doses significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited GIT motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling, comparable to that of the reference control drug Loperamide. The study showed that ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa possess anti-diarrhoeal activity and thus justifies its ethno-medicinal use in the treatment of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of Amblygonocarpus andongensis aqueous stem bark extract in wistar albino rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ebbo Abdullahi ◽  
Teleh Elsa Abdullahi ◽  
Udok Etuk Emmanuel ◽  
Jengebe Ladan Muhammad ◽  
Alhaji Saganuwan Saganuwan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Qualitative phytochemical screening and antipyretic activity of methanolic stem bark extract of Mangifera indica in wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Godfrey Mutuma Gitonga ◽  
◽  
Joseph Ngeranwa ◽  
Alex King’ori Machocho ◽  
Silas Kiruki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Pengaruh variansi konsentrasi ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete terhadap sitotoksikitas sel fibroblas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
H. Harsini ◽  
Ahmad Febri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Plate Reader ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Elisa Plate ◽  
The Mean

The influence of cashew stembark extract on citotoxicity fibroblast. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of variation in the concentration of cashew stem bark extract as the base material of mouthwash of the cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells. The material used in this study was cashew stem bark extracted by maceration method using 70% of ethanol. A total of 15 samples were grouped into 5, each of which consisted of 3 samples (ISO 10993-5). Concentrations used were 1.6%, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2% and 0.05%. Cytotoxicity test used the MTT method by comparing the optical density (ELISA plate reader) between treated groups with control groups. Cell viability was obtained by comparing the treated groups with control groups. Cell viability data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD. The results showed that cashew stem bark has an anticardia acid. Cytotoxicity test used the mean of fibroblast cell viability due to various cashew stem bark extracts successively from concentrations 1.6%, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2% and 0.05% with the mean of 15.35 ± 0.443%, 30.84% ± 1.59, 47.78 ± 8.09%, 65.74% ± 3.20, 74.95 ± 7.26%. ANOVA showed a significant influence of various cashew stem bark on cell viability (p<0,05). The results of LSD showed a significant difference between treated groups except between concentrations 0.95% and 0.2%. In conclusion, Cashew extract have anacardic acid and there was influence on various cashew stem bark extract concentrations on the cytotoxicity of fibroblast cell. The concentration of 2% was not cytotoxic.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete dan pengaruh variasi konsentrasi terhadap sitotosisitas sel fibroblas. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan kulit batang jambu mete (Mojolegi) yang diindentifikasi dan diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak diuji kandungannya menggunakan metode KLT (Kromatografi  Lapis Tipis). Uji sitotoksikistas menggunakan sampel sejumlah 15 dikelompokkan menjadi 5, masing-masing kelompok 3 (ISO-10993-5). Variasi konsentrasi adalah 1,6%, 0,8%, 0,4%, 0,2% dan 0,05%. Uji sitotoksikitas menggunakan metode MTT dengan cara membandingkan optical density (ELISA plate reader) antar kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol. Viabilitas sel didapatkan dengan membandingkan nilai optical density pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Data viabilitas sel dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA satu jalur dan LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata ekstrak mengandung senyawa asam anakardat dan asam galat. Uji sitotoksikistas sel fibroblas akibat variasi ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete secara berturut-turut dari konsentrasi 1,6%, 0,8%, 0,4%, 0,2% dan 0,05% dengan rerata sebesar 15,35% ± 0,443, 30,84% ± 1,59, 47,78% ± 8,09, 65,74% ± 3,20, 74,95% ± 7,26. Uji ANAVA menunjukkan adanya pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete bermakna terhadap viabilitas sel (p<0,05). Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antar kelompok perlakuan, kecuali antara konsentrasi 0,05% dengan konsentrasi 0,2%. Kesimpulan Ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete mengandung asam anakardat dan asam galat dan terdapat pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete terhadap sitotoksikitas sel fibroblas. Konsentrasi 0,2% merupakan konsentrasi yang tidak toksis terhadap sel fibroblas secara in vitro. 

scholarly journals In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Action and GC-FID Analysis of Allanblackia Floribunda Extracts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Irabor ◽  
Osamudiamen Ebohon ◽  
Nekpen Erhunse ◽  
Osariemen Tinu Okugbo ◽  
Ehimwenma Sheena Omoregie
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract Background: Malaria is a disease that is caused by Plasmodium parasite that has resulted in death of so many persons in the world especially children below 5 years. Plasmodium falciparum is one of the most widespread etiological agent for human malaria and has become increasingly resistant to standard antimalarial drugs. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark, leaf and oil. Methods: Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum and maintained in fresh O + human erythrocytes at 3% hematocrit in complete medium (Roswell Park Memorial Institute-RPMI 1640). Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strains Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT). GC-FID was employed to identify bioactive constituents in the most active fraction. Results: The plant extracts showed varied degrees of inhibition of parasitaemia with IC 50Pf3D7 values ranging between 4.0 to 1000 μg/ mL. The methanol stem bark extract of A. floribunda exhibited very active antiplasmodial activity (IC 50Pf3D7 = 4.3 ± 0.17μg / mL), the leaf extract showed active antiplasmodial activity (IC 50Pf3D7 = 8.0 ± 0.28 μg / mL) while the oil extract was inactive against the parasite (IC 50 > 100 μg / mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic in contrast to the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasites were 13.32 and 8.18 for the stem bark and leaf, respectively. Among the stem bark fractions, dichloromethane (DCM) had the best inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite (DCM IC 50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL) and was closely followed by the hydromethanol (HMet) fraction (HMet IC 50Pf3D7 of 5.0 μg/ mL) while that of ethylacetate (EAct) and hexane (Hxn) fractions were almost similar (IC 50 Pf3D7 of 6 and 6.25 μg/ mL, respectively).GC-FID analysis of the most active fraction, DCM, showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids (naringenin, luteolin, kaemferor and myricetin) and terpenes (α-pinene and β-caryophyllene) which may have been responsible for the excellent antiplasmodial action of the most active fraction. Conclusion: This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum and it is relatively safe to normal cell. The antiplasmodial action is credited to the presence of bioactive flavonoids and terpenes that may have acted singly or synergistically.

scholarly journals Protective Effects Of Tecomella Undulata Stem Bark Extract On Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity: Based On Liver Enzymes And Histopathology In Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Zubaida Umar Zehri ◽  
Shabih Zehra ◽  
Abdul Lateef Mahesar ◽  
M. Anwar ◽  
Syed Ijaz Hussain Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Tecomellaundulata stem bark extract on isoniazid induced hepatic damage based on liver enzymes and Liver function test in rat models. Study design and Setting: An experimental study conducted at Department of Pharmacology at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital, Isra University Karachi Campus and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Methodology: Total twenty-four rats were studied. The albino rats that were male, healthy, and weighing 200-250grams were included in this study. Rats were divided into four groups, each group having six rats and treated once daily orally for 30 days. Group A was control group and treated with normal animal diet and water; Group B was Isoniazid treated group and induced by oral administration of Isoniazid (INH) 50mg/kg. Group C was treated with Isoniazid 50mg/kg and Tecomellaundulata bark extract with low dose of 200mg/kg . Group D was treated with Isoniazid 50mg/kg and Tecomellaundulata bark extract with high dose of 400mg/kg . All the animals were weighed before commencement of the study. Liver enzymes were noted after the end of experiment. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: While comparing the mean values of AST,ALT, ALP and GGT in all four groups group; the statistical significant difference (p<0.001) was found. The mean levels in of total Bilirubin in group A was 0.69 ±0.01, group B 1.04 ±0.04, in group C was 1.15 ±0.39, and in group D was 1.04 ±0.44 with the significant difference (p=0.004). Conclusion: Tecomellaundulata has a protective effect on isoniazid induced toxicity on liver as evidenced by liver function test on rat models.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Miriam Tagoe ◽  
Yaw Duah Boakye ◽  
Theresah Appiah Agana ◽  
Vivian Etsiapa Boamah ◽  
Christian Agyare
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Motility Assay ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Test Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth bark is used in the traditional medicine as a vermifuge. This study sought to determine the anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extract of Albizia ferruginea. The powdered A. ferruginea stem bark was extracted with ethanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out on A. ferruginea ethanol extract (AFE) and then screened for its anthelmintic property against Pheretima posthuma and Haemonchus contortus using the adult motility assay. The effect of AFE and its fractions on the anthelminthic activity of mebendazole and albendazole were also determined using the adult worm (P. posthuma) motility assay. AFE showed a dose-dependent anthelmintic activity against P. posthuma and H. contortus. The least concentration of AFE (0.5 mg/mL) paralyzed and killed P. posthuma within 272.50 ± 12.42  min and 354.50 ± 5.06  min of exposure, respectively. AFE at the least test concentration (0.14 mg/mL) caused paralysis and induced death of H. contortus, after at 63.50 ± 2.98 and 254.96 ± 2.44  min of exposure, respectively. AFE extract at 0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL increased the paralytic and helminthicidal activities of albendazole. The paralytic and helminthicidal activities of mebendazole were reduced when combined with AFE (0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL). Among the three fractions obtained from AFE, the methanol fraction showed the highest anthelmintic activity. The methanol fraction at 0.5 mg/mL caused paralysis after 69.90 ± 0.15  min and death of worm after 92.53 ± 0.74  min of exposure. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions showed relatively low anthelmintic activity. Phytochemical screening of AFE revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, and coumarins. The results from this study show that A. ferruginea possesses anthelmintic activity which gives credence to its folkloric use.

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