The effect of Zirconium Dioxide nanoparticles concentrations as filler on heat cured acrylic resin denture base toward viability of fibroblast cells (in vitro study)

Heat cured acrylic resin is the most commonly used denture base materials. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles can be applied as additional filler to increase mechanical strength and to reduce the amount of residual monomer. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles concentrations as filler on heat cured acrylic resin denture base toward viability of fibroblast cells. Twenty four disc-shaped heat cured acrylic resin plate (diameter 5 mm; width 2 mm), were divided into 4 groups (n=6), they were consisted of group I control (acrylic resin), group II acrylic resin with 2.5% ZrO2, group III acrylic resin with 5% ZrO2, and group IV acrylic resin with 7.5% ZrO2. Cell viability was obtained using MTT assay and ELISA plate reader. The result is examined with one way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc assessment. The result showed highest cell viability percentage on experimental group of 2.5% ZrO2 with value as high as 97.49%. One way ANOVA test and LSD post hoc test showed a significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The conclusion of this research is ZrO2 nanoparticles concentration utilized as filler on heat cured acrylic resin denture base is effect to viability of fibroblast cells, and ZrO2 nanoparticles 2.5% shows the highest viability of fibroblast cell compared to 5% and 7.5% ZrO2 nanoparticles concentrations

CHA-collagen implantation to increase alveolar bone density

Tooth extraction is the common procedure in dentistry. This procedure causes a wound in teeth socket. Thus, the socket had to be secured to prevent over resorption of alveolar bone. This study used the third molar as a model to examine the third molar mandibular odontectomy routine procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The new bone formation could be evaluated by radiographic examination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CHA-collagen implantation on the third molar mandibular bone density using 3D-CBCT to determine bone quality. The research was conducted by comparing extraction socket after the third molar mandible odontectomy, before and after graft material implantation. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of six non-implanted subjects and group B consisted of six subjects with CHA-collagen implanted socket. Three dimensional CBCT evaluated alveolar bone density using pixel intensity at the socket area after odontectomy procedure and 10 weeks after. The result of t-test showed that CHAcollagen implanted socket had significantly higher pixel intensity than non-implanted group (p=0,046) until 10 weeks. Spearman test showed that the implanted CHA-collagen had a positive correlation with the increase of alveolar bone density (p=0.028; r=0.860) until 10 weeks. In brief, implantation of CHA-collagen increased bone density until 10 weeks.

Enhancing the impact strength of acrylic resin base plate by adding non-dental E-glass fiber

Non-dental glass fiber is one of the materials that can be used to increase the impact strength of a acrylic resin base plate, containing a similar composition to that of dental e-glass fiber. Orientation and positions of fiber affect the reinforcement effectiveness. This research aimed to examine the effect of the orientation of non-dental glass fiber in the compression position on the impact strength of an acrylic resin base plate. The research was conducted on 16 acrylic resin plates with fiber (65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm) addition. The samples were divided into 4 groups (combination of different woven orientation unidirectional, bidirectional woven in the compression position, and control). The material used in this study was heat-cured acrylic resin QC-20 brand, non-dental glass fiber (without any brand). Impact strength was tested using an impact testing machine. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and LSD (p<0.05). In this research the impact strength of the base plate with the addition of fiber increased 8.54 ± 2.21; 13.21 ± 2.34; 16.81 ± 2.80 kJ/m2 compared to that of the control group, i.e. 4.98 ± 1.05 kJ/m2. One-way ANOVA test showed a significant effect (p<0.05) of the fiber orientation variations on the compression position. This research concluded that the addition of nondental e-glass fiber (composed of SiO252.56-56.88%), diameter 17.12–20.03 µm) in the compression zone increases theimpact strength of acrylic resin base plate. Fibers with unidirectional orientationprovides the highest increase in the impact strength of acrylic resin base plate.

The use of carbonate apatite bioglass cement as pulp capping material examined from reparative dentin

Root canal infection potentially develops to periapical infection as a result of opening of pulp chamber as a pathway for irritants to periapical area. Proper pulp capping procedure can be done to prevent root canal infection by preserving the vitality of the pulp and inducing reparative dentin. Generally, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH2)) is used as pulp capping material although it stil3Ap) and CO3Ap bioglass cement are bioceramic materials proven for their ability to form new bone structure upon a research on bone tissue. These materials have better mechanical strength than Ca(OH2) and have the ability to set in humid environment similar to the body’s physiological condition. This study was a preclinical trial of CO3Ap and CO3Ap bioglass cement as pulp capping material. The materials were applied on a perforation site of 24 Wistar rat teeth, divided into 4 groups of different treatments, negative control (no treatment), positive control (Ca(OH2)), CO3Ap, and CO3Ap bioglass, respectively. Following the application of the pulp capping materials, the perforation sites were covered with light-cured glass ionomer cement. Evaluation of reparative dentin was performed after 21 days, where the rats were euthanized, and histopathological specimens were stained using hematoxylin and eosin. The results of the study revealed that dentinal bridge was formed on all the treatment and positive control groups (p=0.000) but not on the negative control. We concluded that CO3Ap as well as CO3Ap bioglass cement have the ability to induce the formation of reparative dentin, therefore both materials can be considered as pulp capping material for open pulp or thin dentin condition on pulp chamber roof.

Neutrophil count in the gingival wound healing process after apitoxin gel application (gingival wound healing model on Wistar rats)

Periodontal disease has a high prevalence in Indonesia. Gingival disease is a periodontal disease if it is severe, requires surgical therapy called a gingivectomy. Surgical periodontal procedures lead to a gingival wound that is usually treatedusing a periodontal pack. Periodontal pack has no curative property in general but assists in a wound healing process by protecting tissues. Neutrophils are inflammatory cells that act as a host’s first defense against infectious pathogens and they are important in wound healing. Wound healing can be accelerated by apitoxin gel from honeybee Apis mellifera species. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of apitoxin gel on neutrophil count on gingival woundhealing process. Medical bee venom powder (Umea, Sweden) was mixed with double-distilled water to prepare a concentration of 0.01% bee venom. The solution was mixed with 10% propylene glycol, 0.01% methylparaben, and3% CMC-sodium. Thirty six gingiva of 3 month-old male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 gram) were injured using punch biopsy (3 mm in diameter). They were treated in 4 groups: apitoxin gel, apitoxin gel with a periodontal pack, NSAIDsFlamar® gel with periodontal pack, and a periodontal pack. Three Wistar rats from each group were euthanized and their jaws were taken after 48 hours treatment to make histology slides with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. Neutrophil counts were observed. The data were analyzed using Anova test with 95% confidence level. The results showed there were significan defferebces among 4 groups (p<0.05). The highest neutrophil count on the 2nd day was found in the apitoxin gel induced the 2 day of gingival wound healing process.

Differences in nickel ions released from nickel-titanium arch wire after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) arch wire has properties that favor its use during the leveling and aligning phase of orthodontic treatment. This NiTi orthodontic arch wire has the potential to experience nickel ion release. One factor that can cause the release of nickel ions is toothpaste. Nickel ions released can enter the body and cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic, and allergic effects. The purpose of this study was to see the differences of nickel ions released from NiTi orthodontic arch wire after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste. This was a laboratory experimental research to draft a comparative design. The sample size was 40 pieces of NiTi orthodontic arch wire which were divided into 2 groups, immersion in detergent toothpaste and immersion in non-detergent toothpaste. The sample used was NiTi arch wire solution immersed in toothpaste and distilled water for 24 hours in an incubator at 37 °C then measured using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometer to determine the released nickel ions. Data were analyzed usingMann-Whitney test. The Mann-Whitney test resulted in a value of 0.872 (p≥0.05) which indicates no significant difference between the two groups. The study concluded that there is no difference in the nickel ions released from NiTi orthodonticarchwire after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste.

Effectivity of ozone water application on the socket after posterior tteeth extraction to accelerate clotting time phase

After tooth extraction, dentists always place sterile tampons on the extracted socket to stop bleeding, to prevent infection and to reduce patients’ discomfort. Ozone is a biocompatible, bactericidal gas that can accelerate the healing of wounded soft tissue. In addition, it comes up with hemostasis effect to stop bleeding and may accelerate the clotting time and wound healing. Another advantage of ozone therapy is that it can be treated without making any trauma. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectivity of ozone water application in the socket to accelerate clotting time phase after posterior teeth extraction in 3 minutes, 6 minutes, and 10 minutes. This research was clinical experimental research with post-test only control group design. The research sampling was done through non-probability sampling. Then, sample was divided into two groups, each of which consisted of 15 patients treated with ozone tampons and 15 patients treated with sterile tampons after tooth extraction. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, and results showed a significant difference between the two groups. Ozone tampons show better result in accelerating clotting time after posterior teeth extraction than sterile tampons.

Correlation of saliva characteristics and caries in beta-thalassemia major patients

A patient with beta-thalassemia major is known to have poor oral hygiene and a high risk of caries. Some studies showed that patients with beta-thalassemia have low salivary flow rate and acidic saliva. A reduction in salivary flow rate and pH would increase caries susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between salivary flow rate and pH with DMFT index in patients with beta-thalassemia major. This study was a cross-sectional design. A total of 38 patients with beta-thalassemia major aged more than 12 years old at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital were included in this study. Their unstimulated saliva was collected by spitting methods, and the teeth were examined with DMFT Index. The salivary flow rate was expressed as ml/min and the pH was measured using a saliva pH indicator paper. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test to determine the correlation between variables. The result showed that the mean age of the patients in this study was 16.6 years old, with a higher number of female patients than males. Patients with beta-thalassemia major had low salivary flow rate (0.72 ml/5 min), acidic saliva (6.34), and high DMFT index (8.34). This correlation was statistically significant (p<0.01). It can be concluded that there is a strong negative relation between DMFT index with salivary flow rate and salivary pH in patients with beta-thalassemia major.

The effect of platelet-rich fibrin on the acceleration of osteoblast proliferation after endosseous dental implant insertion

The osseointegration process of dental implants begins with osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, which is an important aspect of the bone regeneration process. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a platelet that contains a large amount of fibrin and growth factor, which is widely used to accelerate bone regeneration. This study aims to determine the effect of PRF on the acceleration of osteoblast proliferation after endosseous dental implant insertion. Twelve male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 gr of 8 to 15 weeks as an animal model were divided into two groups, the control group and treatment group, based on days and PRF treatment. Three ml of Wistar rat blood was obtained and centrifuged for 12 minutes at a speed of 2700 rpm to make PRF. Afterward, platelet-rich fibrin was applied to implant bed, and the dental implant was inserted at the lateral epicondyle of the right femur in 3 mm depth and 1.8 mm diameter dimension. Incontrol groups, dental implants were immediately inserted after implant bed preparation without PRF administration. Observation of the Wistar rats was carried out on days 14 and 28 for each group. The rats were terminated accordingto the timeline of group design. The epicondylus lateralis femoris dextra bone of the rats was taken and fixed with 10% buffered formalin solution. Then, histological samples were made with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Sample observation was done under a light microscope to calculate the number of osteoblasts. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test, followed by LSD post hoc test. Based on the two-way ANOVA test, there was a significant difference between control groups and treatment groups (p<0.05), and there were significant differences between the observation result of days 14 and 28 (p<0.05). The application of PRF increased osteoblast proliferation for the first 14 days, but the rate decreased after that. Based on the LSD post hoc test, there were differences in osteoblast proliferation between the treatment and control group (p<0.05). Thus, it is concluded that platelet-rich fibrin increased the acceleration ofosteoblast proliferation after endosseous dental implant insertion.

Effects of contact time of natural cu-zeolite on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Infection of a surgical wound due to bacteria is a major problem for surgical patients. Cu-zeolite is a material that can suppress bacterial growth with reversible cation characteristics and adsorption to be developed into non-toxic disinfectants for humans. Packaging uses filter paper to keep disinfectant solutions or instruments that will be sterilized clean. This study aimed to observe the effects of contact time of natural Cu-zeolite on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria. An experimental research was simple randomized design. Cu-zeolite 10 grams were packaged in Whatman no 42 paper bags measuring 5 x 5 cm2, contacted for 15, 30 and 45 minutes in 99.5 ml of distilled water exposed to 0.5 x 108 CFU / ml of S. pyogenes and P. aeruginosa. Subsequently, bacterial growth was calculated using total plate count method. The average growth of S.pyogenes for 15, 30 and 45 minutes (1840 ± 571.236 CFU; 29 ± 16.33 CFU and 0 CFU) while P. aeruginosa was (2776 ± 725.277 CFU; 55 ± 23.214 CFU and 0 CFU) respectively. Based on the independent t-test on Cu-zeolite, the bacterial growth in the 15th and 30th minute contact between S. pyogenes and P. aeruginosa was significantly different (pth and 30th minute contact.