scholarly journals In vitro carminative and in vivo antidiarrheal activity of Citrus maxima

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-288
Author(s):  
Cheruku Gowtham Reddy ◽  
◽  
Yalamarthi Akshaya Shilpa ◽  
Anumula Pavani ◽  
Adabala Divya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Electrolyte Loss ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Titration Technique

In this study, the methanolic extracts of leaves of Citrus maxima were evaluated for their carminative and antidiarrheal activities. By soxhlet method, the methanolic extract of leaves of Citrus maxima was prepared. Carminative activity of methanolic extract was studied in vitro by acid-base titration technique and antidiarrheal activity was studied in rats by castor oil induced diarrhoea method. The phytochemical screening was done using various chemical tests. Alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acids, anthraquinones, glycosides are confirmed to be present in the leaf. Carminative activity of extract was found significantly less with 5mL, when compared with 10mL extract. The antidiarrheal activity observed in the animals treated with 200mg/kg showed significant activity compared with the animals treated with 100mg/kg. The study revealed that carminative activity and antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of C. maxima. May be the extract acts on circular and longitudinal intestinal muscle by inhibiting acetylcholine and prostaglandins, which reduces peristaltic movements and prolongs transmit time, reduces fecal volume, increases viscosity and viscous fluid and electrolyte loss. The compound in the extract causes mild irritation resulting in vasodilation of gastrointestinal muscles, thereby relieving cramping and expels gas

Anti Diabetic Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Psoralea Corylifolia L. & Psoralea Esculenta L. Seeds in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats and Histopathological Changes in Diabetic Rats Pancreas: Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna S. Shukla ◽  
Neeraj Singh ◽  
Bipin Bihari ◽  
Akash Ved ◽  
Girendra Kumar Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Psoralea Corylifolia ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a class of metabolic disorder which results high level of sugar due to inadequacy in insulin secretion. High Sugar level in diabetes is linked with the impairment and dysfunction of eyes, kidneys, blood vessels, nerves and heart. In current research there is extended interest in herbal medicines because of the side effects noticed with oral hypoglycemic for therapy of hyperglycemia. Herbal medicines could play a dominant role in the control of diabetes mellitus. Methods: Methanolic extracts of seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L & Psoralea esculenta L has been screened for both in-vitro and in-vivo antihyperglycemic role using streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The methanolic extract of both plants were evaluated for pancreatic tissue studies. Results: According to the outcomes, a stunning blood glucose level decrement was observed in the diabetic groups treated by methanolic extracts of Psoralea corylifolia L. seeds. Conclusion: In this study, the methanolic extract of Psoralea corylifolia L. seeds used to evaluate antihyperglycemic potential showed appreciably notable and astonishing results, when compared with the Glibenclamide. Methanolic extract of Psoralea corylifolia L. seeds have potential to regulate hyperglycemia in the In-vivo model. Hence Psoralea corylifolia L. methanolic seeds extract may be selected for its antihyperglycemic activity.

scholarly journals In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Andrographis serpyllifolia (Rottl. Ex Vahl.) Wt.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasu Kandati ◽  
P Govardhan ◽  
Ch Siva Reddy ◽  
A Ravinder Nath ◽  
R R Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity (by both in-vitro and in-vivo) of both chloroform and methanol root extracts of Andrographis serpyllifolia (Rottl. Ex Vahl.) Wt. Methods used for the studies were In-vitro 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition assay and In-vivo measurement of rat paw edema and ear edema in rats, acetic acid induced writhing response and hot plate method in albino mice. Chloroform and methanolic extracts of A. serpyllifolia root have shown moderate potency in inhibiting 5-LOX and shown significant anti-inflammatory activity. Despite the IC50 values are little higher, anti-inflammatory efficacy of these extracts possibly due to other mechanisms apart of 5-LOX inhibition. However, In-vivo anti-inflammatory studies revealed that A. serpyllifolia methanolic extract has shown higher degree of efficacy when compared to the chloroform extract. In terms of analgesic activity in writhing test, methanolic extract has shown more efficacy than chloroform extract. Hence, it is important to isolate the active principles for further testing the anti-inflammatory efficacy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11250 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(8): 199-204 

scholarly journals In Silico Predicted Antifungal Peptides: In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Candida Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Tecla Ciociola ◽  
Walter Magliani ◽  
Tiziano De Simone ◽  
Thelma A. Pertinhez ◽  
Stefania Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Synthetic Antibody

It has been previously demonstrated that synthetic antibody-derived peptides could exert a significant activity in vitro, ex vivo, and/or in vivo against microorganisms and viruses, as well as immunomodulatory effects through the activation of immune cells. Based on the sequence of previously described antibody-derived peptides with recognized antifungal activity, an in silico analysis was conducted to identify novel antifungal candidates. The present study analyzed the candidacidal and structural properties of in silico designed peptides (ISDPs) derived by amino acid substitutions of the parent peptide KKVTMTCSAS. ISDPs proved to be more active in vitro than the parent peptide and all proved to be therapeutic in Galleria mellonella candidal infection, without showing toxic effects on mammalian cells. ISDPs were studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy, demonstrating different structural organization. These results allowed to validate a consensus sequence for the parent peptide KKVTMTCSAS that may be useful in the development of novel antimicrobial molecules.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective studies on methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata and development of qualitative analytical profile for the bioactive extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praneetha Pallerla ◽  
Narsimha Reddy Yellu ◽  
Ravi Kumar Bobbala
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Effective Fraction

Abstract Background The objective of the study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata (LC) and development of qualitative analytical profile of the bioactive fraction using HPLC fingerprinting analysis. All the fractions of methanolic extract of Lindernia ciliata (LCME) are assessed for their total phenolic, flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant properties by using DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Acute toxicity study was conducted for all the fractions and the two test doses 50 and 100 mg/kg were selected for the hepatoprotective study. Liver damage was induced in different groups of rats by administering 3 g/kg.b.w.p.o. paracetamol and the effect of fractions were tested for hepatoprotective potential by evaluating serum biochemical parameters and histology of liver of rats. The effective fraction was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic activity against D-Galactosamine (400 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and in vivo antioxidant parameters viz., Glutathione (GSH), Melondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase (CAT) levels are estimated using liver homogenate. Results Among all the fractions, butanone fraction of LCME, (BNF-LCME) has shown better hepatoprotective activity and hence it is selected to evaluate the antihepatotoxicity against D-GaIN. The activity of BNF-LCME is well supported in in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies and may be attributed to flavonoidal, phenolic compounds present in the fraction. Hence, BNF-LCME was subjected to the development of qualitative analytical profile using HPLC finger printing analysis. Conclusions All the fractions of LCME exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity and BNF-LCME (50 mg/kg) was identified as the most effective fraction.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Klara Lalouckova ◽  
Lucie Mala ◽  
Petr Marsik ◽  
Eva Skrivanova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial Compound ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed soyasaponin I and the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein to be the main components of the methanolic extract of the Korean soybean fermented product doenjang, which is known to be a rich source of naturally occurring bioactive substances, at average contents of 515.40, 236.30, 131.23, and 29.00 ng/mg, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of doenjang against nine Staphylococcusaureus strains was determined in vitro by the broth microdilution method to investigate its potential to serve as an alternative antibacterial compound. The results suggest that the extract is an effective antistaphylococcal agent at concentrations of 2048–4096 µg/mL. Moreover, the tested extract also showed the ability to inhibit the growth of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant animal and clinical S. aureus isolates. The growth kinetics of the chosen strains of S. aureus at the minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanolic extract of doenjang support the idea that the tested extract acts as an antibacterial compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antistaphylococcal action of the methanolic extract of doenjang thus, additional studies including in vivo testing are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Phenolic constituents and inhibitory effects of the leaf of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel on free radicals, cholinergic and monoaminergic enzymes in rat’s brain in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola H. Oyeniran ◽  
Adedayo O. Ademiluyi ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Rauvolfia Vomitoria

AbstractObjectivesRauvolfia vomitoria is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Africa in the management of several human diseases including psychosis. However, there is inadequate scientific information on the potency of the phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf in the management of neurodegeneration. Therefore, this study characterized the phenolic constituents and investigated the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf on free radicals, Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation, and critical enzymes linked to neurodegeneration in rat’s brain in vitro.MethodsThe polyphenols were evaluated by characterizing phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant properties were assessed through the extracts ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+; inhibit ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals and Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. The effects of the extracts on AChE and MAO were also evaluated.ResultsThe phenolic characterization of R. vomitoria leaf revealed that there were more flavonoids present. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf had inhibitory effects with the methanolic extract having higher significant (p≤0.05) free radicals scavenging ability coupled with inhibition of monoamine oxidases. However, there was no significant (p≤0.05) difference obtained in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cholinesterases.ConclusionThis study suggests that the rich phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf might contribute to the observed antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. The methanolic extract was more potent than the aqueous extract; therefore, extraction of R. vomitoria leaf with methanol could offer better health-promoting effects in neurodegenerative condition.

scholarly journals Antitrypanosomal activity of purine nucleosides can be enhanced by their conversion to O-acetylated derivatives.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2567-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Sufrin ◽  
D Rattendi ◽  
A J Spiess ◽  
S Lane ◽  
C J Marasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Antitrypanosomal Activity ◽  
Salvage Pathways ◽  
Purine Salvage Pathways

Fifteen purine nucleosides and their O-acetylated ester derivatives were examined for in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against the LAB 110 EATRO isolate of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and two clinical isolates of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Initial comparisons of activity were made for the LAB 110 EATRO isolate. Three nucleoside analogs exhibited no significant activity (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50s] of > 100 microM), whether they were O acetylated or unacetylated; three nucleosides showed almost equal activity (IC50s of < 5 microM) for the parent compound and the O-acetylated derivative; nine nucleosides showed significantly improved activity (> or = 3-fold) upon O acetylation; of these nine analogs, six displayed activity at least 10-fold greater than that of their parent nucleosides. The most significant results were those for four apparently inactive compounds which, upon O acetylation, displayed IC50s of < or = 25 microM. When the series of compounds was tested against T. brucei rhodesiense isolates (KETRI 243 and KETRI 269), their antitrypanosomal effects were comparable to those observed for the EATRO 110 strain. Thus, our studies of purine nucleosides have determined that O acetylation consistently improved their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity. This observed phenomenon was independent of their cellular enzyme targets (i.e., S-adenosylmethionine, polyamine, or purine salvage pathways). On the basis of our results, the routine preparation of O-acetylated purine nucleosides for in vitro screening of antitrypanosomal activity is recommended, since O acetylation transformed several inactive nucleosides into compounds with significant activity, presumably by improving uptake characteristics. O-acetylated purine nucleosides may offer in vivo therapeutic advantages compared with their parent nucleosides, and this possibility should be considered in future evaluations of this structural class of trypanocides.

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