scholarly journals An Estimation of Tree Species Diversity in Rural Farmland of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak K Kharal ◽  
Bishwa N Oli
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Species Biodiversity

Biodiversity is an important consideration in maintaining natural environmental balance in a particular habitat. This becomes particularly important in areas, where due to the encroachment of natural forests, biodiversity is depleting causing a potential loss in the natural habitat. In such a situation, biodiversity in the farmland becomes an important consideration. Biodiversity is measured and analyzed using various indices. In this study, we present the result of our study through a field work in a rural village in Nepal. The study was conducted through direct field observation and survey of sampled households. The status of tree biodiversity using species biodiversity index and species richness index for the case study are presented. The study has also identified the relationship between the tree species diversity and major socioeconomic factors. Our analysis shows that tree species biodiversity in the rural farmland of study area are lower in comparison to the similar areas of countries like India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The lower biodiversity status is mainly due to the wide distribution of two dominating tree species of Dalbergia sissoo and Melia azederach. Similarly, Tree species biodiversity in the farm land has been found affected by the socioeconomic situation of the area. Further study is suggested by involving more socioeconomic factors and covering a large sample size and time of study. Key words: Farmland, Forest, Homegarden, Nepal, Species Diversity, Species Richness, Trees. doi: 10.3126/banko.v18i1.2160 Banko Janakari, Vol. 18, No. 1, 3-10

scholarly journals Assessing Fruit Tree Species Diversity in Home Garden Agro-Forestry and Their Role Supporting Local People’s Livelihoods in Burie District, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Alebachew Abebe Alemu ◽  
Habtamu Kiros ◽  
Eba Muluneh Sorecha
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Agro Forestry

Clearing of natural ecosystems and land degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices are becoming threats to the sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems in Burie town administrative, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. The aim of this paper is therefore to assess the fruit tree species diversity in home garden agro-forestry and their role for supporting local people’s livelihoods in Burie town administration. Cultivated plants of 72 home gardens were surveyed and critical information were collected through questioner and focus group discussion from 12 households. Fruit tree species diversity (expressed in species richness and evenness) in home gardens in the study sites was determined using the Shannon-Weiner Index. The study basically considers the human consumption fruit trees species. A total of 18 fruit tree species represented by 9-genera and 7-families were recorded in home garden agro-forestry within the three wealth status (poor, medium, and rich) of the selected respondents commonly. From all wealth categories, the highest Shannon diversity index was recorded in rich and the lowest was in poor class category. Similarly, the highest species evenness was recorded in rich wealth category. However, there was no significant difference among rich and medium wealth categories for species richness. The study also revealed that age, land hold size, education status is the cause for species diversity in addition to the wealth status in the study area. Older respondents had significantly higher species richness and diversity than youngsters. It has been also found that almost all (100%) of the sampled households harvest and use at least four types of home garden products for various purposes. Lacks of management practices were the factors which puts the species diversity in question in the study area.

Tree Regeneration Characteristics in Limestone Forests of the Cat Ba National Park, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Vien Pham ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Steffi Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Site Factor ◽  
Overstory Tree

Abstract Background: Forest regeneration is decisive for future forest development and therefore of major concern to forest ecologists. The ability of overstory tree species to regenerate successfully is important for the preservation of tree species diversity and its associated flora and fauna. This study investigated forest regeneration dynamics in the Cat Ba National Park, a biodiversity hotpot in Vietnam. Data was collected from 90 sample plots and 450 sub-sample plots in the regional limestone forests. We compared species richness between the regeneration and overstory tree layers and examined the effect of environmental factors on the occurrence of regeneration. We developed five ratios to relate overstory and regeneration richness and diversity. Results: We found 97 tree species in the regeneration layer compared to 136 species in the overstory layer. Average regeneration density was 3,764 ± 1,601 per ha. Around 70% of the overstory tree species generated offspring. Of the tree species threatened according to The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species, only 36% were found in the regeneration layer. A principal component analysis provided evidence that the regeneration of tree species was linked to terrain factors (percentage of rock surface, slope) and soil properties (Cation exchange capacity, pH, humus content, soil moisture, soil depth). Contrary to our expectations, the prevailing light conditions (total site factor, gap fraction, openness, indirect site factor, direct site factor) had no influence on regeneration density and composition, probably due to the small gradient in light availability. Conclusion: We conclude that tree species richness in Cat Ba National Park appears to be declining at present. We suggest similar investigations in other biodiversity hotspots to learn whether the observed trend is a global phenomenon. In any case, a conservation strategy for the threatened tree species in the Cat Ba National Park needs to be developed if tree species diversity is to be maintained.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Population Structure in the Tropical Forests of North Central Eastern Ghats, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumpa PREMAVANI ◽  
Maradana TARAKESWARA NAIDU ◽  
Malleboyina VENKAIAH
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Eastern

The tree species diversity and population structure were studied in four stands of the tropical forests in the north-central Eastern Ghats, based on tree inventories conducted on four 1-ha plots. In the four independent plots, two 5 x 1000 m transects were established and all trees with ≥ 15 cm girth at breast height were enumerated. The density, frequency, basal area and IVI along with diversity indices viz. Shannon index, species richness, equitability and species dominance were computed to see the variation in tree community. A total of 92 species representing 73 genera under 40 families of angiosperms were recorded. Tree species richness was as low as 34 species per hectare plot in Geddapalli to as high as 48 species in Koruturu. Tree density ranged from 360 stems per hectare in plot Geddapalli to 526 stems in plot Chintapalli and that of total basal area from 16.31 m2 ha-1 in Koruturu to 31.15 m2 ha-1 in Chintapalli. The number of species and stems decreased from the smaller to the largest girth classes. The tree inventories of the study area when compared to those of the other tropical forests showed great differences in density and basal area. This may probably be due to differences in geography and annual rainfall patterns. The information on tree species structure and function can provide baseline information for conservation of the biodiversity.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Pressure on Tree Species Diversity, Composition, and Growth of Balanites aegyptiaca in Dinder Biosphere Reserve, Sudan

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Elmugheira M. I. Mohammed ◽  
Elhag A. M. H. ◽  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi ◽  
Anna C. Treydte
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Disturbed Site

Anthropogenic disturbances, such as illegal harvesting and livestock browsing, often affect natural forests. However, the resulting tree species diversity, composition, and population structure have rarely been quantified. We assessed tree species diversity and importance value indices and, in particular, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. population structure, across 100 sample plots of 25 m × 40 m in disturbed and non-disturbed sites at the Dinder Biosphere Reserve, Sudan, from April 2019 to April 2020. We found that the tree species diversity in non-disturbed sites was more than double that of disturbed sites (p < 0.001, T = 32.6), and seedlings and saplings comprised more than 72% of the entire tree population (F2,48 = 116.4, p = 0.034; F2,48 = 163.2, p = 0.021, respectively). The tree density of B. aegyptiaca in the disturbed site was less than half that of the non-disturbed site (p = 0.018, T = 2.6). Balanites aegyptiaca was seven times more aggregated in disturbed sites compared to more regularly spaced trees in non-disturbed sites (T = 39.3 and p < 0.001). The poor B. aegyptiaca population status of the disturbed site shows that the conservation of this vulnerable species is essential for a sustainable management and utilization scheme.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity in Secondary Forest of Visayas State University Forest Reservation, Philippines

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Anatolio Polinar ◽  
◽  
Uwe Muuss ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
State University ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family

The study was conducted to determine species diversity and similarity within a two-hectare secondary forest of the Visayas State University forest reservation. The diversity value of trees ranged from 3.09 - 4.53. Results of the study indicate that the middle layer of both blocks was observed as the most luxuriant among all layers. A total of 173 species in 113 genera and 51 families; and 92 species, in 69 genera and 37 families were recorded in the middle layer of Block 1 and Block 2, respectively. The genus Ficus of the family Moraceae was identified as the most highly represented in terms of species in both blocks. Moreover, results of the study show that species richness increased within an increasing area but with a decreasing number of species. As to species similarities, it was discovered that 28% of the identified specieds are common to both blocks.

scholarly journals Effects of Tree Species Diversity and Stand Structure on Carbon Stocks of Homestead Forests in Maheshkhali Island, Southern Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarit Kumar Baul ◽  
Avinanda Chakraborty ◽  
Rajasree Nandi ◽  
Mohammed Mohiuddin ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Homestead Forests ◽  
C Stock

Abstract BackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the carbon (C) stocks in homestead forest ecosystems (trees, litterfall, and soil) of Maheshkhali Island in Bangladesh and how tree species diversity and stand structural variation affected these C stocks. We randomly surveyed a total of 239 homestead forests proportionately allocating in hillside (67), beachside (69), and inland (103) in 2019 for measuring woody plants and sampling litterfall and C in soil at 0-30 cm depth. Tree (above- and below-ground) biomass was estimated by using pan-tropical allometric equations, and carbon of litterfall and soil were analyzed in a laboratory. ResultsWe found a total of 52 tree species, of which, 41, 42, and 48 species were in the hillside, beachside, and inland, respectively, corresponding to the individuals of 840, 540, and 1504 sampled. According to the results, species diversity, richness, stand density, basal area (BA), and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and height were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater in the hillside and inland homestead forests, compared to the beachside. Most abundant species, for example, Mangifera indica, Samanea saman, and Artocarpus heterophyllus in the inland and hillside homestead forests stored most C in biomass, compared to the beachside forest. Tree biomass C stocks were 48-67% greater in the inland and hillside than on beachside forests due to significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater stand density, BA, and DBH. The overall C stock of litterfall was 0.1% of the total biomass carbon. C stock in soil surface was greatest in the hillside homestead forests due to the greatest litterfall. The total soil C stock was also affected by tree species, stand density and species richness, and their interaction with soil properties. Total soil C stocks across the depths were greatest (51 Mg ha-1) in the inland homestead forests, with the greatest stand density and species richness. ConclusionsHomestead forest ecosystems across the area stored total 96 Mg C ha-1, which thus can contribute to climate change mitigation while generating C credit for small-scale homestead forests owners as well as conserving biodiversity in Bangladesh and countries alike.

scholarly journals Evaluating Multi-Sensors Spectral and Spatial Resolutions for Tree Species Diversity Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Enoch Gyamfi-Ampadu ◽  
Michael Gebreslasie ◽  
Alma Mendoza-Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Sentinel 2

Forests contribute significantly to terrestrial biodiversity conservation. Monitoring of tree species diversity is vital due to climate change factors. Remote sensing imagery is a means of data collection for predicting diversity of tree species. Since various sensors have different spectral and spatial resolutions, it is worth comparing them to ascertain which could influence the accuracy of prediction of tree species diversity. Hence, this study evaluated the influence of the spectral and spatial resolutions of PlanetScope, RapidEye, Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 images in diversity prediction based on the Shannon diversity index (H′), Simpson diversity Index (D1) and Species richness (S). The Random Forest regression was applied for the prediction using the spectral bands of the sensors as variables. The Sentinel 2 was the best image, producing the highest coefficient of determination (R2) under both the Shannon Index (R2 = 0.926) and the Species richness (R2 = 0.923). Both the Sentinel and RapidEye produced comparable higher accuracy for the Simpson Index (R2 = 0.917 and R2 = 0.915, respectively). The PlanetScope was the second-accurate for the Species richness (R2 = 0.90), whiles the Landsat 8 was the least accurate for the three diversity indices. The outcomes of this study suggest that both the spectral and spatial resolutions influence prediction accuracies of satellite imagery.

scholarly journals Effects of tree species diversity and stand structure on carbon stocks of homestead forests in Maheshkhali Island, Southern Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarit Kumar Baul ◽  
Avinanda Chakraborty ◽  
Rajasree Nandi ◽  
Mohammed Mohiuddin ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Homestead Forests ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Below Ground

Abstract Background The homestead forests of Bangladesh occupy 0.27 million hectares (10% of the total forested area) and have potential to store carbon (C) and conserve biodiversity. Small scale forestry practices, however, are lacking reliable estimation of C stocks and tree species diversity. This may hinder successful implementation of REDD + and similar mechanisms as they concentrate on large-scale forests. This study aimed to estimate the above- and below-ground carbon stocks in homestead forests of Maheshkhali Island in Bangladesh and how tree species diversity and stand structural variation affect these C stocks. We randomly surveyed a total of 239 homestead forests in the hillside, beachside, and inland in 2019. Results Tree biomass C stocks were 48–67% greater in the inland and hillside forests than in the beachside due to significantly greater stand density, basal area, tree diameter. In total we found 52 tree species, but most abundant species in the inland and hillside forests, Mangifera indica, Samanea saman, and Artocarpus heterophyllus stored the most C in tree biomass. Greater tree species richness and diversity index in the inland and hillside forests indicated greater above- and below-ground tree biomass C stocks. An increase in tree species richness and diversity index by one unit was found to increase the tree biomass C stock by 22 and 30 Mg C ha−1, respectively. The total soil C stock was also affected by tree species diversity, stand density, and their interaction with soil properties. Total soil C stocks were greatest (51 Mg ha−1) in the inland forests, having also the greatest stand density and tree species richness. C stock in soil surface was greatest in the hillside forests due to the greatest litterfall, but the average share of litterfall from the total biomass C was only 0.1%. Conclusions Homestead forest ecosystems could store 96 Mg C ha−1 in total, which can contribute to climate change mitigation by generating C credits for small-scale homestead forests owners. Above- and below-ground tree biomass C stocks were found to correlate with tree species diversity, which may also contribute to biodiversity conservation in the REDD + in Bangladesh and countries alike.

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