scholarly journals Depredation and deteriorating condition of Shorea robusta and Terminalia alata in Bardia National Park: an imperative to address park biodiversity sustainably

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
GR Acharya ◽  
B Bhatta ◽  
AR Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Local People ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Resource Needs

The paradigm shift in park management from a fortress mentality to the participatory concept is represented as a major transformation in the conservation discourse in Nepal. The involvement of local people in the management of resources in national parks has been significantly effective in attaining the conservation goals of conserving wildlife without compromising the basic forest resource needs of the local people. Nevertheless, some economically important species have not been afforded due consideration during such management. This study investigates the species composition and regeneration status of Shorea robusta (Sal) and Terminalia alata (Saj) in 4 Buffer Zone community Forests of Bardia National Park in Thakurdwara VDC in 1999/2000, 2002/2003 and 2005. The results reveal that Shorea robusta (Sal) and Terminalia alata (Saj) both constituted a large proportion of species diversity but that their regeneration from seedlings to established stages were low, suggesting vulnerability of this forest and their sustainability at risk due to their dwindling conditions. Immediate management concern of these economically important forest tree species is warranted. Keywords: Biodiversity, national park, shorea robusta, sustainability, terminalia alata   doi: 10.3126/banko.v19i1.2181Banko Janakari, Vol. 19, No. 1, 37-40

Sustainable Management of Bannerghatta National Park, India, with the Insights in Land Cover Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ramachandra ◽  
Bharath Setturu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

The ecosystem of health and natural resource management is influenced by the social, political, economic system and institutional framework in a region. Rapid economic growth in Bangalore and its environs in recent decades has resulted in environmental changes in Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) and its buffer (of 5 km). Land use land cover (LULC) change analysis with a modelling technique such as cellular automata (CA)-Markov was used for quantitatively exploring forest cover transitions. The analysis of LULC dynamics has revealed loss of vegetation cover from 85.78 per cent to 66.37 per cent (1973–2015) and severe environmental stress. The region has lost moist deciduous cover, from 26.1 per cent to 13.8 per cent, and witnessed an increase in horticulture, from 8.5 per cent to 11 per cent (1973–2015). The visualization of likely land use in 2027 indicates the loss of forest cover from 41.38 per cent to 35.59 per cent with an increase in urban area from 4.49 per cent to 9.62 per cent (with new residential and commercial layouts in the buffer zone of BNP in violation of the eco-sensitive zone norms as per Section 5(1) of Environment Protection Act 1986). The study provides insights for developing an appropriate planning framework towards conservation and the sustainable management of ecologically sensitive national parks.

scholarly journals Park-people interface: a case study of Ayodhyapuri VDC, Chitwan, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Anita Pant ◽  
Shivraj Bhata
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
National Park ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Wood Consumption

The study in Ayodhyapuri Village Development Committee in Buffer Zone of Chitwan National Park revealed that the main source of energy is fuel wood, most of which is supplied from Buffer Zone Community Forestry (BZCF) and Chitwan National Park (37.93%) and partially from private land (2.15%). Agriculture was main source of livelihood among the villagers. Fuel wood consumption per household was found to be 3516.11 kg per year in the study area. Landless and low-income households were found using more fuel wood from BZCF and National Park.  The root problems in the study area are the maximum extraction of fuel wood and fodder from the CF and National Park, and the crop depredation by wildlife. The depredation of the crop by wildlife is one of the major barriers influencing the conservation attitude of local people. The CF is rich in biodiversity as revealed by presence of 36 species of trees, 54 species of shrubs and 66 species of herbs. Shorea robusta is the most dominating species in both trees and shrub strata whereas Imperata cylindrica is the most frequent herbaceous species. Scientific World, Vol. 10, No. 10, July 2012 p47-53 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v10i10.6862

The USA national parks in international perspective: have we learned the wrong lesson?

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schelhas
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Local People ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Extractive Reserves

A highly polarized debate has emerged in the conservation literature about whether national parks in lesser developed countries should follow a strict protectionist model or find ways to accommodate the development and livelihood needs of local people. A number of social science critiques of national park practice and policy in lesser developed countries have argued that one of the chief problems facing national parks in particular, and biodiversity conservation in general, has been the USA national park model, often termed the ‘Yellowstone model’. This model, in which local and indigenous people and uses have been excluded from parks, has been blamed for harming local people, providing benefits to developed country interests at the expense of local people, high costs of park protection, and ineffective biodiversity conservation (Machlis & Tichnell 1985; West & Brechin 1991; Pimbert & Pretty 1995). Alternatives (henceforth referred to as ‘parks and people’ approaches) seek accommodations between parks and local people, and include community-based conservation, which promotes local involvement and/or control in park decision-making, and integrated conservation and development projects, which attempt to ensure conservation by meeting social and economic needs of local people through agroforestry, forestry, tourism, water projects, extractive reserves, and wildlife utilization.

scholarly journals Demand and Supply of Forest Products in Bandevi Buffer Zone Community Forest, Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Pokharel ◽  
Jagdish Poudel ◽  
Ram Kumar Adhikari ◽  
Aseem Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Product Demand ◽  
Resource Needs ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Forest Conditions

<p><em>Buffer Zone Community Forestry (BZCF) in the Chitwan National Park (CNP) started with an objective to engage locals and fulfill their resource needs without jeopardizing conservation. This study estimates the forest product demand and supply of fuelwood, fodder, and timber in Bandevi BZCF user group. Data was collected using stratified random sampling and forest inventory using the quadrate method. Results indicated Bandevi BZCF conditions improved since its handover to the community. However, the study estimated a deficit of 26173 cubic meters per year of timber, 3.21 million tonnes per year (Mt/yr) of fodder, and 0.12 Mt/yr of fuelwood. Deficits were fulfilled from agricultural lands outside BZCF and illegal collection from the Bharandavar corridor forest and CNP. BZCF program is a success in improving forest conditions and needs continuation. Policy and programs must focus primarily on livelihood improvement and income generations to reduce the dependency of local people on the forest.</em></p>

scholarly journals Caves of the Low Tatras National Park and Its Neighbourhood as Objects of Speleotourism

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-393
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Large Protected Areas ◽  
Geographical Characteristics ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Important Form

Publicly accessible caves are important objects of the modern form of tourism, which is called speleotourism. The caves are important underground geolocalities, which are characterized by a high accumulation of visitors in a specific natural environment. They are usually part of large protected areas - national parks and protected landscape areas. The study deals with accessible caves in the Low Tatras National Park in the central part of Slovakia. In the national park, or rather in its vicinity, there are four caves formed in the carbonate rocks of the geological core of the Low Tatras mountains. In the first part of the study, we presented their basic geographical characteristics in terms of their description as underground geolocalities. The main aim of the study is to analyze the number of visitors to the Demänovská Cave of Freedom, Demänovská Ice Cave, located directly in the national park, Bystrianska Cave located in the buffer zone of the national park and Važecká Cave, located on the northern edge of the studied area. Individual geolocalities were evaluated in terms of 12 criteria (e.g., Variety and attractiveness of cave decoration, Interpretation of the guide, Difficulty of the tour, Amount of ticket price, and others), which were indexed answers of (speleo)tourists from the opinion poll. We conducted the survey during the summer months in the period from 2010 to 2019, and a total of 160 respondents participated. The basic results of a standardized public opinion survey gave us the answer to five research hypotheses. The results confirmed the important potential of caves as specific geolocalities for the development of (underground) speleotourism as a modern form of tourism. Speleotourism is currently an important form of tourism, which is developing in the national parks.

scholarly journals Forest Composition, Fuelwood Harvest and Regeneration Status in Four Community Forests of Central Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanashyam Subedi ◽  
Binod Khatiwada ◽  
Sandesh Bhattarai ◽  
Kamal Prasad Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Castanopsis Indica

Present study aims to explore forest composition, fuelwood harvest and regeneration status in two community forests of central Nepal. We carried out our study in different periods of 2007 and 2008. Household surveys were conducted to find the condition of fuelwood harvest and people dependency on community forest. Community forests of Nawalparasi districts are dominated by Shorea robusta whereas community forests of Syanja district are dominated by Castanopsis indica and Schima wallichii with highest IVI value. Percapita fuelwood consumption and domestic animals are higher in Nawalparasi district than in Syanja district. Grasses are the main source of fodder in Nawalparasi district whereas trees in Syanja district. Farmland is the main source for fodder in both the districts but even higher in Syanja district. For fuelwood people depend on forest than the farmland. Dominant tree species in Patapati Lulpani Community Forest (PLCF) showed reverse J-shaped size class distribution indicating sustainable regeneration whereas dominant tree species in Gamtam Community Forest (GCF), Dhuseri Community Forest (DCF) and Bhedawari Community Forest (BCF) showed poor regeneration status. Key words: Community forest; Forest composition; Fuelwood harvest; Regeneration. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3826 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.53-58

Impact of grazing restrictions on livestock composition and husbandry practices in Madi Valley, Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHIM GURUNG ◽  
KRISTEN C. NELSON ◽  
JAMES L.D. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Government Records ◽  
Grazing Lands

SUMMARYLivestock grazing restrictions are a common practice in the protected areas of developing countries. Understanding the influence of these restrictions on livestock husbandry is critical because local people's livelihoods often depend on access to grazing lands and biodiversity conservation may be affected by grazing activities. Household surveys and government records were used to examine impacts of grazing restrictions on livestock composition and use of available forage resources in the Madi Valley of Chitwan National Park (Nepal) during early (1997) and late (2006) restriction policy periods. Households responded to grazing restrictions by reducing numbers of less productive cattle and high maintenance buffalo to offset forage demands, but there was no decrease in the number of goats. In 2006, average household fodder biomass (3.4 t yr−1) available from agricultural land was adequate for the average household livestock units (3.3 t yr−1) requirement. Although most households ‘stall fed’ livestock as an adjustment to the new policy, about 30% still depended on community forests and parklands for livestock rearing. Higher ‘stall feeding’ reduced grazing pressure and increased forest cover but demanded more fodder cutting, which has the potential to increase human/wildlife interactions, particularly with tigers in the buffer zone community forests.

A Buffer Zone for Biodiversity Conservation: Viability of the Concept in Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Nepal ◽  
Karl E. Weber
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Chitwan National Park

A buffer zone for RCNP is considered an effective means to mitigate and contain the Park–local people conflict. Its creation adjacent to the National Park will enable local people to engage in multiple-use activities that will provide benefits not only to themselves but protect the Park's integrity as well. Except for the much-degraded Barandabar Forest, the other small parcels of forest that exist around the Royal Chitwan National Park are highly inadequate to provide additional wildlife protection and environmental conservation. RCNP does not have any area that, to date, is exclusively designated as a buffer zone. The Barandabar Forest is still envisaged as an additional protection to the Park, although continual grazing, lopping of branches and twigs from trees, and timber extraction, by the local people, have extensively diminished its biological values.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal association of human-elephant conflict around Parsa National Park, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Kurmi ◽  
Narayan Prasad Koju
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local People ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Raiding Behavior ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Local Farmers

This study was carried to evaluate the Spatio-temporal association of human-elephant conflict (HEC) among five different rural municipalities (Nirmalbasti, Jirabhawani, Sakhuwaparsauni, Parsagadhi, and Paterwasugauli) of Parsa District around Parsa National Park in 2019. Primary data was collected by using questionnaire surveys with victims’ family and local people using random sampling method, key informant interviews with Chief Conservation Officer of Parsa National Park, District Forest Officer, ZSL field official, Chairperson of Batika Buffer Zone User Committee, focus group discussion, and field visit to verify the information. Total six people were killed and one person was survived with severe injury by the elephant attacks between 2013 and 2019 in the study area. Crop raiding was perceived as the most serious conflict from the elephants by local people. People around the national park are mostly farmers with a low level of income. They are mostly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Elephants are damaging the crops of the farmers making their livelihood difficult. HEC intensity was highest during the rice harvest season (65%), and at night (83%). Local farmers also reported that the aroma of ripening paddy had an interesting relation with HEC, it was associated with elephants’ crop-raiding behavior. Local farmers did not use any specific traditional mitigation measure but believed that planting unpalatable crops and constructing a solar fence around the national park minimizes HEC and will promote co-existence between people and elephants.

scholarly journals Regeneration Status and Carbon Accumulation Potential in Community Managed Sal (Shorea robusta) Forests of Far-Western Terai Region, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Sequestration Potential

Regeneration patterns of species population can address climate change by adaptive evolution or by migrating association to survival in their favorable climate and finally decide the particular forest future. This research examined the status of regeneration and carbon sequestration potential in tropical Sal (Shorea robusta) forest of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. For the study, a total of 63 concentric sample plots were investigated by using systematic sampling with 0.5% sampling intensity. Regeneration status of forest was estimated by calculating the density of each species in each developmental phase. The above-ground carbon stock of trees species were estimated using allometric equations. The studied forests had good regeneration status and Shorea robusta was the dominant species in terms of regeneration and carbon stock. Ramnagar community forest had greater number of seedling, sapling and tree than that of the Ganesh community forest. Reverse J-shaped population curves were recorded at both the study sites. This study provided information about the regeneration status, structure, composition and carbon sequestration potential of tree species which is very necessary for conservation and sustainable management of community forests. Studies indicate that community management has increased the carbon stock of forests and also has promoted the productivity of forests by altering the structure and composition of the community forests.

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