scholarly journals Evaluation of Quality Protein Maize and Drought Tolerant Maize in Far Western Hills of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
Hari Kumar Prasai ◽  
Subarna Sharma ◽  
Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Selection Of

The coordinated varietal trial of quality protein maize was carried out in research station of regional agricultural research station, Doti during 2011/12 and 2012/13. A total of fourteen entries including standard and local checks were included in the experiment of both years. Out of tested entries of the year 2011/12, S99TLYQ-A produced the highest grain yield (2814 kg/ha) followed by SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (2765 kg/ha) and SO3TLYQ-AB-02 (2293 kg/ha). MSTATC software was used in data analysis. Flowering days, plant height and grain yield due to genotypes was found significant at 1-5% level. Amongst the tested entries include in the experiment of the year 2012/13, S99TLYQ-AB recorded the highest grain yield (6006 kg/ha) followed by SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (5409 kg/ha) and S99TLYQ-A (5330 kg/ha). There was significant difference in flowering days, plant height, ear height and grain yield due to genotypes at 1-5 % level. Combined analysis over year was also carried out. Genotypes SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (4087 kg/ha), S99TLYQ-A (4072 kg/ha) and S99TLYQ-AB (3750 kg/ha) identified as promising genotypes for lower hills and river basin agro-environment of far western hills. Similarly, experiment on selection of drought tolerance maize genotypes was also carried out at this research station during 2011/12 and 2012/13. Total 105 genotypes of maize were planted for selection of drought tolerance maize genotypes during 2011/12 and it was replicated twice. Quantitative and qualitative traits were recorded for screening against drought. Out of the genotypes included in the experiment, Manakamana-4 was found super variety in terms of grain yield (4561 kg/ha), leaf senescence (1) and leaf roll (1). Statistically, plant height, ear height, flowering days and leaf senescence due to genotypes were found significantly different. Total eight genotypes were selected for second year's drought tolerance genotypes selection experiment and were planted in three replications. Out of the eight genotypes included in the experiment, Upahar (6897 kg/ha), TLBRSO7F16 (6216 kg/ha) and BLSBSO7F12 (6215 kg/ha) were found superior in terms of grain yield.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 387-391

Physiological Basis of Yield Differences in Quality Protein Maize Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Olasoji, Julius Oluseyi ◽  
Ajayi, Sunday Adesola
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Maturity Groups

Yield performance of early maturing maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in the rainforest agroecology of southwest Nigeria, is lower than that of intermediate varieties  and that there was no yield advantage in the late varieties over the intermediate maturing varieties. However, the physiological basis of yield differences is yet to be fully investigated. This study was carried out to investigate the physiological basis underlying yield differences in quality protein maize genotypes of different maturity groups. Field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates at Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons. The results indicated that season influenced days to 50% Anthesis (DTA), days to 50% silking (DTS), anthesis silking interval (ASI), plant height (PLHT), ear height (EHT), ear per plant (EPP), ear aspect (EASP), kernel width (KWDT) and grain yield (GYD). Maturity groups also influenced DTA, DTS, PASP, PLHT, EHT, and with no effect on GYD. The overall mean grain yields across seasons were 4.44, 4.16, 3.64 and 3.36 t/ha for season 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.  It was concluded from this study that all the maturity groups used had similar grain yield.

scholarly journals ETHYL METHANESULPHONATE (EMS) INDUCES DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN MAIZE

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Omar M. Dhannoon ◽  
Ayoob O. Alfalahi ◽  
Kadhim M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Triple Interaction ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
The Mean

THIS STudy was aimed to induce genetic variation toward drought tolerance after treatment with EMS as a mutagen to two maize inbred lines and their single hybrid. The experiment was carried out at Abo-Ghraib Research Station, Baghdad during the spring season of 2019. The experiment included three irrigation intervals 7, 9 and 11, four concentrations of EMS (0, 50, 60, and 70 mM) and three maize genotypes distributed in three replications using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangement which included three irrigation intervals 7, 9 and 11 days occupied the main plot, while the sub plots included three maize genotypes, and four EMS concentrations which were distributed in sub-sub plots. Results were revealed significant differences among EMS treatments and irrigation interval treatments. The inbred line 5 in control treatment showed a significant increase in days for both anthesis and silking (70.11 and 71.94) days, respectively. Plants of Nahrain hybrid also showed a super performance in plant height, leaf area, and number of rows ear-1, with a mean of 154.47cm, 746.31cm2 and 17.83 row ear-1, respectively. The irrigation intervals of 9 and 11 days were significantly decreased the mean performance of genotypes, compared to the shortest irrigation interval (7 days) which had highest mean in most traits. None treated plants (0 mM EMS) had a significant effect on the performance of most studied traits, except the anthesis and silking time, which gave the highest values under the concentration 60 mM with 69.11 and 70.48 days, respectively. Hybrid plants interacted significantly with the EMS concentration of 0 mM producing the maximal means of plant height and leaf area (169.56cm and 759.78cm2 respectively). On the other hand, the hybrid was significantly interacted with the shortest irrigation interval in the mean traits of plant's height and leaf area (163.50 cm and 757 cm2, respectively). The triple interaction between hybrids, shortest irrigation interval and EMS concentration of 60 mM had significantly increased leaf area reached 769.67cm2, meanwhile the triple interaction between hybrid plants, shortest irrigation interval, and the EMS concentration of 0 mM recorded the highest value of plant yield (199.67g). It can be concluded from the current study that the genotypes differed in their response to 9 and 11 days irrigation intervals, with a negative effect of the later interval on the vegetative and yield traits of maize compared with shorter irrigation interval.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and genotypic diversity for morphological traits among early maize genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Nath Adhikari ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Bishal Dhakal ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Joshi ◽  
Naba Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ear Height

Detailed information on the genetic diversity between maize germplasm (Zea mays L.) is useful for their systematic and efficient use in breeding programs. Fourteen early maize genotypes were studied to assess their performance and genotypic diversity at Doti, Nepal in 2015. Days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter and grain yield were significant among genotypes. Genotype SO3TEY-PO-BM, COMPOL-NIOBP and ACROSS-99402 were found higher yielder with earlier maturity. Days to tasseling (0.85), days to silking (0.82), plant height (0.79), ear length (0.71) and ear diameter (0.66) were found highly heritable traits. Grain yield (0.39) and ear height (0.47) medium and remaining traits showed low heritability. High PCV was observed for grain yield (35.10%), number of plants/plot (34.46%), tesseling silking interval (26.85%), harvested ears/plot (24.45%) and husk cover rating (22.85%) where other traits showed medium to low PCV. Grain yield showed high GCV (21.96%), ear height and husk cover had medium and remaining traits showed low GCV (<10%). Plant height (r₌0.498), harvested plants/plot (r₌0.412), harvested ear/plot (r₌0.762), ear length (r₌0.472) and ear diameter (r₌0.470) showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. The yield can be improved if selection applied in favor of those yield components.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Pattern and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Silage Corn Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Haddadi ◽  
Masoud Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Better Than

To study effect of sowing pattern and nitrogen on maize silage yield and its dependents components a trial was done at split-split plot design in compeletly randomized block at four replications in Qrakheil(Qaemshahr) agricultural research station in 2015 in Iran. Row spacing was chosen as main plots including: 65cm, 75cm and 85cm.Two cultivars (Sc704 and Sc770) in sub plots and three levels of N (250, 350 and 450 kg ha1) in sub-sub plots were laid out. Silage forage yield, ear and dry ear yield, leaf and dry leaf yield, plant dry weight and stem and dry stem weight,plant height , ear height,kernel number in ear row and row number in ear were measured.The results indicated that row spacing, were not affected on investigated traits. While nitrogen effected on silage yield, ear and dry ear yield, leaf and dry leaf yield, plant dry weight and stem and dry stem weight, plant height and ear height and showed significant difference. Sc704 had significant difference on plant silage weight, dry and wet stem weight with Sc770. Amount of 350kg/ha nitrogen was caused the most silage yield (36.74t/ha) and plant dry weight (16.64 t/ha) that had not significant difference with usage of 450kg/ha nitrogen(16.46 t/ha). Amount of 450kg/ha nitrogen was caused the most silage yield (37.30t/ha) that had not significant difference with usage of 350kg/ha nitrogen (36.74 t/ha). The most silage yield (38.21t/ha) obtained from Sc704 that was better than Sc770 (34.22 t/ha). The most plant dry weight (16.54) obtained from Sc704 that had not significant difference with Sc770 (15.92 t/ha).

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis for yield, precocity and height in yellow maize genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-429
Author(s):  
Victor Mario García Mora ◽  
Julián Chura Chuquija ◽  
Julio Torres
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Additive Genes

The objective of the present study was to determine the general combinatorial aptitude (GCA), specific combinatorial aptitude (SCA) and heterosis in inbred lines of yellow maize and its crosses for, the yield of grain, height of plant and ear and days to male and female flowering. Six inbred lines from CIMMYT, their direct crosses and four controls were evaluated at UNALM during 2016-2018, under a 5 x 5 lattice design with four repetitions. The effects of GCA and SCA were calculated using method II, model I of Griffing. Heterosis was measured based on the mean and best parent. Heterosis was measured based on the mean and best parent. The combined analysis of years showed significance (p ≤ 0.01) in: genotypes by years for days to male and female flowering; GCA for years for days to male flowering and SCA for years for days to female flowering. The effects of ACG for grain yield were significant in lines CML 229 and CML 428, for plant height, precocity, ear and precocity CML 487 line highlighted. The effect of ACE was superior in the cross CML 453 x CML 486 for the grain yield character. Heterosis was higher for the grain yield in the CML 229 x CML 453 and CML 453 x CML 487 crosses. The GCA / SCA relationship evidenced effects of additive genes on plant height, days to male and female flowering, therefore, for grain yield and ear height, non-additive effects governed.

Genetic studies for drought tolerance under contrasting moisture regimes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
D Shoba ◽  
S Robin ◽  
P Jeyaprakash ◽  
M Arumugam Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Stress Regime

Twenty six genotypes and four check varieties were studied for drought tolerance in rice. The experiment was conducted under both irrigated and stress regimes. Ten different drought tolerant contributing traits were evaluated under stress regime and five yield contributing traits were evaluated under irrigated regime. Among the studied genotypes, IR 87651-26-1-1-3 possessed desirable mean performance under stress for grain yield with other studied traits except number of panicles per plant. Under irrigated regime, the genotypes IR 87753-13-1-1-3, IR 87638-10-1-1-3, IR 87759-5-2-1-3 and IR 83381-B-B-137-3 were advantageous for grain yield and other studied traits except number of panicles per plant. From the variability studies under stress, the traits viz., leaf rolling, leaf senescence, leaf drying, panicle exsertion and grain yield exhibited high genetic advance indicated additive gene action and selection is desirable for these traits. High heritability with advantageous genetic advance was recorded for plant height and grain yield under non-stress regime. From the association analysis, grain yield had positive correlation with plant height, number of panicles per plant and panicle length and negative correlation with days to fifty per cent flowering, leaf rolling, leaf senescence, leaf drying and panicle exsertion under stress. Grain yield was positively correlated with days to fifty per cent flowering, plant height and panicle length under non stress. The desirable genotypes recognized from this study may be utilized as donors and the desirable traits identified may be exploited for drought tolerance rice breeding programs.

scholarly journals SIDIK LINTAS DALAM PENENTUAN KARAKTER SELEKSI JAGUNG TOLERAN CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Roy Efendi ◽  
Muhammad Aqil ◽  
Andi Takdir Makalau ◽  
Muhammad Azrai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Information on characteristics related to drought tolerance is particularly important for improving hybrid maize yield. The present study was conducted with 62 genotypes involving tolerant, moderate, susceptible and very susceptible, for post flowering drought tolerance of hybrid maize. An experiment was conducted to determine the characteristics association between grain yield and its components and their direct and indirect effects to the yield. The research was arranged in a randomized completed block design with three replications. Drought stress treatment was started from flowering (50 days after planting, dap) until milk-dough stage (80 dap). The result indicated significant and positive association of grain yield with plant height, ear position height, stalk diameter, leaf area, leaf angle, the percentage of leaf senescence, leaves rolling score, ear length, ear diameter, number of grain/ear and shelling percentage were correlated with the yield under drought stress. Grain yield was strongly correlated with plant height, leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, and shelling percentage. Indirect effect on grain yield under drought conditions were found for the following parameters: stalk diameter, leaf angle, percentage of leaf senescence, leaf rolling scores and number of seeds/ear.

scholarly journals DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN INTERVARIETAL MAIZE HYBRIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
DANIEL SARTO ROCHA ◽  
CINTHIA SOUZA RODRIGUES ◽  
PAULO BOLLER GALLO ◽  
MARCELO TICELLI ◽  
MARIA ELISA AYRES GUIDETTI ZAGATTO PATERNIANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Female Flowering

ABSTRACT In the period of planting of second-season maize, there is high climatic instability with greater probability of occurrence of water deficit. This is one of the factors that most cause reduction in maize grain yield. In this context, the aim was to identify stable, irrigation-responsive and drought-tolerant maize genotypes. The experiments were conducted in Mococa / SP and Tatuí / SP, at Instituto Agronômico, in two assays, one under full irrigation conditions and the other under water stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 3 replicates. Male flowering, female flowering, plant height, ear height, hectoliter weight, one hundred grain weight and grain yield were evaluated. Joint analysis of variance and stability analysis were performed by the GGEBiplot method. Significant genotype and site effects were observed for all traits. Significant effects of genotype x site interaction were found for all traits except ear height and male flowering. The characteristics most affected by water deficit were male flowering, plant and ear heights and grain yield. Genotypes F2 BM709 x PopTol 2, IAC 46 x PopTol 2, F2 30K75 x PopTol 3 and F2 BM709 x PopTol 3 are considered ideotypes because of their high grain yield, phenotypic plasticity and drought tolerance.

Plant height and height of the main ear in maize (Zea mays L.) at different locations and different plant densities

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gyenes-Hegyi ◽  
I. Pók ◽  
L. Kizmus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
The Best Approximation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Ear Height

The plant height and the height of the main ear were studied over two years in twelve single cross maize hybrids sown at three different plant densities (45, 65 and 85 thousand plants/ha) at five locations in Hungary (Keszthely, Gönc, Gyöngyös, Sopronhorpács, Martonvásár). The results revealed that plant height and the height of the main ear are important variety traits and are in close correlation with each other. It was found that the hybrids grew the tallest when the genetic distance between the parental components was greatest (Mv 4, Mv 5). The height of the main ear was also the greatest in these hybrids, and the degree of heterosis was highest (193% for plant height, 194% for the height of the main ear). The shortest hybrids were those developed between related lines (Mv 7, Mv 11). In this case the heterosis effect was the lowest for both plant height (128%) and the height of the main ear (144%). The ratio of the height of the main ear to the plant height was stable, showing little variation between the hybrids (37–44%). As maize is of tropical origin it grows best in a humid, warm, sunny climate. Among the locations tested, the Keszthely site gave the best approximation to these conditions, and it was here that the maize grew tallest. The dry, warm weather in Gyöngyös stunted the development of the plants, which were the shortest at this location. Plant density had an influence on the plant size. The plants were shortest when sown at a plant density of 45,000 plants/ha, and the main ears were situated the lowest in this case. At all the locations the plant and main ear height rose when the plant density was increased to 65,000 plants/ha. At two sites (Gönc and Sopronhorpács) the plants attained their maximum height at the greatest plant density (85,000 plants/ha). In Keszthely there was no significant difference between these two characters at plant densities of 65 and 85 thousand plants/ha, while in Gyöngyös and Martonvásár the greatest plant density led to a decrease in the plant and main ear height. The year had a considerable effect on the characters tested.

scholarly journals Green ear yield and grain yield of maize cultivars in competition with weeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
K.M.B. Silva ◽  
P.I.B. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
J.L.B. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Ground Part

The reduction in herbicide use is one of the greatest interests for modern agriculture and several alternatives are being investigated with this objective, including the adoption of cultivars that suppress weeds. The objective of this study was to verify if maize cultivars develop differently, in competition with weeds, to produce green ears and grain. Randomized complete block design was used, with split-plots and five replications. Cultivars DKB 390, DKB 466, DKB 350, AG 7000, AG 7575 and Master, were evaluated in the plots, without weeding and two weedings (at 22 and 41 days after sowing) in sub plots. Twenty-one species were identified in the experimental area, the most frequent being Gramineae (Poaceae), Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and Convolvulaceae species. There was no difference in the dry biomass above-ground part of the weeds in the plots of the evaluated cultivars. The cultivars behaved similarly in treatments with or without hoeing, except for plant height and ear height evaluations. Without hoeing, plant height increased in cultivar DKB 390, while plant height and ear height decreased in cultivar AG 7575. In the other cultivars, these traits did not change under weed control. The presence of weeds decreased the values of all traits employed to assess green corn yield, with the exception of the total number of green ears and grain yield.

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