Physiological Basis of Yield Differences in Quality Protein Maize Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Olasoji, Julius Oluseyi ◽  
Ajayi, Sunday Adesola
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Maturity Groups

Yield performance of early maturing maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in the rainforest agroecology of southwest Nigeria, is lower than that of intermediate varieties  and that there was no yield advantage in the late varieties over the intermediate maturing varieties. However, the physiological basis of yield differences is yet to be fully investigated. This study was carried out to investigate the physiological basis underlying yield differences in quality protein maize genotypes of different maturity groups. Field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates at Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons. The results indicated that season influenced days to 50% Anthesis (DTA), days to 50% silking (DTS), anthesis silking interval (ASI), plant height (PLHT), ear height (EHT), ear per plant (EPP), ear aspect (EASP), kernel width (KWDT) and grain yield (GYD). Maturity groups also influenced DTA, DTS, PASP, PLHT, EHT, and with no effect on GYD. The overall mean grain yields across seasons were 4.44, 4.16, 3.64 and 3.36 t/ha for season 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.  It was concluded from this study that all the maturity groups used had similar grain yield.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for growth, yield and yield related traits in maize genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Roshesh Rai ◽  
Prakash Khanal ◽  
Prabin Chaudhary ◽  
Rabin Dhital
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Ear Height

Evaluation of the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of traits is an essential task in any plant improvement program. Twenty maize genotypes were replicated twice in a randomized complete block design on a research plot of Prithu Technical College, Deukhuri Dang of Nepal from June 2017 to September 2017 to determine genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for different agronomic traits. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in the traits tassel length, ear height, days to fifty percent tasseling, days to fifty percent silking, kernels’ rows ear-1, kernels row-1 and grain yield. The highest GCV (31.53%) and PCV (39.20%) were recorded on grain yield. Grain yield and ear height recorded high heritability along with high genetic advance as a percent of mean (GAM). Tassel length and kernels row-1 showed high heritability integrated with moderate GAM and moderate heritability integrated with moderate GAM respectively. Further, grain yield showed a significant and positive correlation with plant height, tassel length, ear height, cob length, cob diameter, kernels’ rows ear-1, and kernels row-1. Thus the selection of ear height, tassel length and kernels row-1 is suggested as they performed better in terms of both heritability and GAM than other traits and they also recorded a significant and positive correlation with yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of early maize genotypes for grain yield and agromorphological traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishal Dhakal ◽  
Keshav Prasad Shrestha ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Joshi ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The purpose of this study was to assess the variation on agro-morphological traits and grain yield. A set of 14 early maize genotypes were studied at research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Doti, Nepal in summer seasons of 2015 and 2016. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in each year. The variation among genotypes was observed for grain yield and flowering. The genotype SO3TEY-PO-BM produced the highest grain yield (4.33 t/ha) in 2015 whereas Rajahar Local Variety produced the highest grain yield (2.52 t/ha) in 2016. The combined analysis over years showed that Farmer’s variety was found earlier in tasseling (36 days) and silking (39 days), followed by S97TEYGHAYB(3) in tasseling (45 days) and by S97TEYGHAYB(3) and Arun-4 in silking (48 days). EEYC1 produced the highest grain yield (3.17 t/ha), followed by COMPOL-NIBP (3.09 t/ha), SO3TEY-PO-BM (2.90 t/ha), S97TEYGHAYB(3) (2.78 t/ha) and Rajahar Local variety (2.77 t/ha), respectively. The information on variation for the agro-morphological traits among studied early maize genotypes will be helpful to plant breeders in constructing their breeding materials and implementing selection strategies.

scholarly journals Genotype by environment interaction and yield stability analysis of quality protein maize genotypes in Terai Region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Joint Regression Analysis

Grain yield stability for the new maize genotypes is an important target in maize breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to identify stable high yielding quality protein maize (QPM) genotypes under various locations and years in terai region of Nepal. Six quality protein maize genotypes along with Poshilo Makai-1 (Standard Check) and Farmer’s Variety (Local Check) were tested at three different locations namely Ayodhyapuri-2, Devendrapur, Madi, Chitwan; Rajahar-8, Bartandi, Rajahar,  Nawalparasi; Mangalpur-2, Rampur,  Chitwan during  2011 and 2012 spring and winter seasons under rainfed condition.  The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with two replications in farmer’s fields. There was considerable variation among genotypes and environments for grain yield. The analysis of variance showed that mean squares of environments (E) was highly significant and genotypes (G) and genotype x environment interaction (GEI) were non significant. The genotypes S03TLYQ-AB02 and RampurS03FQ02 respectively produced the higher mean grain yield 5422±564 kg/ha and 5274±603 kg/ha across the locations. Joint regression analysis showed that RampurS03FQ02 and S03TLYQ-AB02 with regression coefficient 1.10 and 1.22 respectively are the most stable genotypes over the tested environments. The coefficient of determination (R2) for genotypes Rampur S03FQ02 and S03TLYQ-AB02 were as high as 0.954, confirming their high predictability to stability. Further confirmation from GGE biplot analysis showed that maize genotype S03TLYQ-AB02 followed by Rampur S03FQ02 were more stable and adaptive genotypes across the tested environments. Thus these genotypes could be recommended to farmers for general cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i2.8202 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(2): 75-79

scholarly journals Response of mass selection in maize (Zea mays L.)

Our Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Chitra Bahadur Kunwar ◽  
Balram Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ear Height

This study was conducted to quantify the progress towards grain yield and agronomic traits in maize genotypes through mass selection. The original maize population and the population derived after five cycles of mass selection were planted for comparison at research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season of 2011-2012. The maize genotypes were Arun-1EV, Arun-4, Pool-17, P501SRCO × P502SRCO, BGBYPOP, Across9942 × Across9944, S99TLYQ-B, S99TLYQ-AB and S01SIWQ-3, respectively. The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of 180 rows; 20 rows of each genotypes. The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, ear height, tasseling days, silking days, disease severity however significant increment in grain yield. The results showed that phenotypic superiority of the selected population over the original population was obvious.

scholarly journals Effect of phosphorus (P) rates and weeding frequency on the growth and grain yield of extra early cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the forest-savanna agro-ecological zone of southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Kikelomo Ogunsola ◽  
Patience Olorunmaiye ◽  
Jamiu Azeez ◽  
David Hosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7o 20?N, 30 23?E) during the 2014 early and late cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of weeding frequency and phosphorus fertilizer application on the growth and grain yield of the early maturing cowpea variety (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot arrangement fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 15 and 30 P2O5kg ha-1) while the subplot comprised five weeding frequencies (no weeding, weed-free, hoe weeding at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS), hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS). The results showed that plots treated with phosphorus fertilizer at 15 kg ha-1 produced the highest number of leaves and the tallest plant in the late season while the highest grain yield was recorded in the early trials. Weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS during the early season trial gave the highest grain yield compared with other weeding treatments. Unchecked weed infestation reduced yield by 53.10 % and 49.9 % in the early and late seasons respectively compared to the maximum obtained from weed-free plots. This study concluded that application of 15 kg P2O5 ha-1 and weed removal at 3, 6 and 9 WAS were effective for effective weed control and optimum grain yield in cowpea production.

scholarly journals Genotype × environment interaction of quality protein maize grain yield in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Chitra Bahadur Kunwar ◽  
Jharana Upadhyaya ◽  
Maiya Giri ◽  
Ram Bahadur Katuwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Maize Grain

In order to determine G × E interaction of quality protein maize grain yield, six maize genotypes were evaluated under different environments of three Terai (Chitwan, Surkhet and Doti) and four mid hill (Dhankuta, Lalitpur, Dolakha and Kaski) districts of Nepal during summer seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experiments were conducted using randomized complete block design along with three replications. The  genotypes namely S99TLYQ-B, S99TLYQ-HG-AB and S03TLYQ-AB-01 were identified high yielding and better adapted genotypes for Terai environments with grain yield of  4199 kg ha-1, 3715 kg ha-1, and 3336 kg ha-1 respectively and  S99TLYQ-B and S03TLYQ-AB-01 for mid hill environments with grain yield of  4547 kg ha-1 and 4365 kg ha-1 respectively. Therefore, these genotypes can be suggested for cultivation in their respective environments in the country.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Quality Protein Maize and Drought Tolerant Maize in Far Western Hills of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
Hari Kumar Prasai ◽  
Subarna Sharma ◽  
Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Selection Of

The coordinated varietal trial of quality protein maize was carried out in research station of regional agricultural research station, Doti during 2011/12 and 2012/13. A total of fourteen entries including standard and local checks were included in the experiment of both years. Out of tested entries of the year 2011/12, S99TLYQ-A produced the highest grain yield (2814 kg/ha) followed by SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (2765 kg/ha) and SO3TLYQ-AB-02 (2293 kg/ha). MSTATC software was used in data analysis. Flowering days, plant height and grain yield due to genotypes was found significant at 1-5% level. Amongst the tested entries include in the experiment of the year 2012/13, S99TLYQ-AB recorded the highest grain yield (6006 kg/ha) followed by SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (5409 kg/ha) and S99TLYQ-A (5330 kg/ha). There was significant difference in flowering days, plant height, ear height and grain yield due to genotypes at 1-5 % level. Combined analysis over year was also carried out. Genotypes SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (4087 kg/ha), S99TLYQ-A (4072 kg/ha) and S99TLYQ-AB (3750 kg/ha) identified as promising genotypes for lower hills and river basin agro-environment of far western hills. Similarly, experiment on selection of drought tolerance maize genotypes was also carried out at this research station during 2011/12 and 2012/13. Total 105 genotypes of maize were planted for selection of drought tolerance maize genotypes during 2011/12 and it was replicated twice. Quantitative and qualitative traits were recorded for screening against drought. Out of the genotypes included in the experiment, Manakamana-4 was found super variety in terms of grain yield (4561 kg/ha), leaf senescence (1) and leaf roll (1). Statistically, plant height, ear height, flowering days and leaf senescence due to genotypes were found significantly different. Total eight genotypes were selected for second year's drought tolerance genotypes selection experiment and were planted in three replications. Out of the eight genotypes included in the experiment, Upahar (6897 kg/ha), TLBRSO7F16 (6216 kg/ha) and BLSBSO7F12 (6215 kg/ha) were found superior in terms of grain yield.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 387-391

scholarly journals Green ear yield and grain yield of maize cultivars in competition with weeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
K.M.B. Silva ◽  
P.I.B. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
J.L.B. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Ground Part

The reduction in herbicide use is one of the greatest interests for modern agriculture and several alternatives are being investigated with this objective, including the adoption of cultivars that suppress weeds. The objective of this study was to verify if maize cultivars develop differently, in competition with weeds, to produce green ears and grain. Randomized complete block design was used, with split-plots and five replications. Cultivars DKB 390, DKB 466, DKB 350, AG 7000, AG 7575 and Master, were evaluated in the plots, without weeding and two weedings (at 22 and 41 days after sowing) in sub plots. Twenty-one species were identified in the experimental area, the most frequent being Gramineae (Poaceae), Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and Convolvulaceae species. There was no difference in the dry biomass above-ground part of the weeds in the plots of the evaluated cultivars. The cultivars behaved similarly in treatments with or without hoeing, except for plant height and ear height evaluations. Without hoeing, plant height increased in cultivar DKB 390, while plant height and ear height decreased in cultivar AG 7575. In the other cultivars, these traits did not change under weed control. The presence of weeds decreased the values of all traits employed to assess green corn yield, with the exception of the total number of green ears and grain yield.

scholarly journals Penampilan Varietas Jagung Unggul Baru Bermutu Protein Tinggi di Jawa dan Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azrai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Future Prospect ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Biomass Plant

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Study on the performance of two quality protein maize (QPM) varieties (Srikandi Putih-1 and Srikandi Kuning-1) plus two Indonesian open pollinated varieties (Bayu and Lamuru) was conducted at seven environments in Java and Bali. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Each variety was grown in a four-row plot with 5 m length, 75cm apart and 25 cm within row spacing and one plant per hill. Observations were made on yield, biomass, plant height, ear height, flowering dates, yield components, plant and ear aspect, husk cover, diseases incidence of Puccinia polysora and Helminthossporium maydis, protein contains, lysine, and tryptophan-amino acids contains. In general, Srikandi Putih-1 and Srikandi Kuning-1 varieties had a good adaptations under all environments. They contained nearly twice the lysine and tryptophan-amino acids compared to Bayu and Lamuru varieties. Therefore, they have future prospect for the development of protein synthesis in humans and monogastric animals.</p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian penampilan varietas jagung unggul baru bermutu protein tinggi (Srikandi Putih-1 dan Srikandi Kuning-1) dan dua varietas unggul nasional (Bayu dan Lamuru) telah dilaksanakan pada tujuh lokasi di Jawa dan Bali pada tahun 2003 sampai 2004. Penelitian ditata dalam percobaan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap varietas ditanam pada petakan empat baris, panjang 5 m, jarak antar baris 75 cm, jarak dalam barisan 25 cm, dan ditumbuhkan satu tanaman per rumpun. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap hasil biji, biomas segar, tinggi tanaman, panjang tongkol, umur berbunga, komponen hasil, skor penampilan tanaman, penutupan kelobot, penyakit karat dan hawar daun, serta kandungan protein kasar, asam amino lisin, dan triptofan. Secara umum varietas Srikandi Putih-1 dan Srikandi Kuning-1 dapat beradaptasi baik pada semua lingkungan. Selain itu, kedua varietas tersebut mempunyai kandungan lisin dan triptofan hampir dua kali lipat dibandingkan dengan varietas Bayu dan Lamuru. Oleh karena itu, kedua varietas tersebut mempunyai prospek untuk dikembangkan sebagai sintesis protein pada ternak monogastrik dan manusia.</p>

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterotic value of ten lines maize genotypes tolerant to tidal-swamp soil stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
Suwarti ◽  
Munif Ghulamahdi ◽  
Muhammad Azrai ◽  
Didy Sopandi ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Target Environment ◽  
Half Diallel

Abstract Development of maize hybrid for tidal swampland was initiated by selecting and combinate some superior line genotypes that tolerate to the restrictions in target environment. This study aimed was to evaluate the capability of ten maize lines result of selection on tidal swamp acid sulphate soils to obtain GCU, GCA, and heterosis values based on parental yield averages. The experiment has consisted of ten fine line genotypes which have selected in 2019 at the tidal swamp. Each parent was crossed in half-diallel combination, resulting in 46 entries, including the inbred parents. The entries were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The research was conducted on Bajeng Research Station Experiment 5°18’S and 119°30’E from September 2020 to January 2021. The result shows that GCA ability and SCA ability was significant to yield in the form of grain (15% moisture content), the number of ear per plot, ten ear weight, ten corncob weight, ear harvested weight, 1000 seeds weight, plant height, ear length and the number of seed per ear. Grain yield of W6xW9 crosses obtains the highest value of 9.36 tha−1, non-significantly different to hybrid check P35 (9.35 tha-1). The highest GCA value in the grain yield character was obtained on W9 parental line (0.64**). The highest SCA was obtained on the crossing of W7 x W8 (2.61). The highest heterosis value was revealed in W5 x W10 hybrid (4.80). However, W7 x W8 crossing heterosis value was 2.34, indicate that a high SCA effect did not usually generate high heterosis. To perform high heterosis value, W10 was good as female parental.

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