scholarly journals From Green to REDD-Ready to Trade: Discussion On REDD In Nepal's Community Forestry

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Pabitra Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Environmental Performance Index ◽  
Underlying Causes

Carbon emission increases at an early stage of industrial expansion as a transition from overdependence on agriculture. Such industrial transformation is heavily dependent on energy-intensive technologies. Moreover, the degree of environmental awareness is very low in developing countries. According to the Environmental Performance Index 2012, Nepal is among the strongest performer. A new international carbon trade mechanism, called ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation’ (REDD), has been proposed to curb global Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions. Carbon trade entails the idea that industrialized countries pay developing countries to reduce deforestation and forest degradation. Nepal’s community forestry can reap benefits by participating in REDD, but it requires addressing a range of issues and challenges to mitigate underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation. Ultimately this type of program would encourage local people for conservation and sustainable use of forest resources.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12181International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page: 101-111  

When and How to Intervene in the Caries Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (S7) ◽  
pp. S35-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Meyer-Lueckel ◽  
S Paris
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Intervention Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Caries Progression ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Caries Lesions

SUMMARY The decrease in caries prevalence in many industrialized countries and the improved knowledge about the etiology and pathogenesis of caries have shifted the focus of caries therapy over the past decades toward less invasive approaches. Studies on caries progression indicate that it is generally quite slow in most patients today which should lead to a reconsideration of the practice of early invasive intervention. Today noninvasive (eg, fluorides) and microinvasive (occlusal sealing, proximal infiltration) therapeutic options that address etiological factors are gaining importance. The goal of these therapies is to heal or at least to slow down the progress of the disease. Noninvasive treatments are mainly related to controlling pathogenic factors (ie, sugar consumption) and enhancing protective factors (mainly oral hygiene and fluorides). Microinvasive treatments do not rely on the compliance of the patient as much, since these treatments include a resinous material that is applied to serve as a diffusion barrier for acids formed by cariogenic bacteria in the overlying plaque. To establish a minimum intervention treatment strategy for caries, the disease must be diagnosed at an early stage. In addition to assessing caries lesions in single teeth, individual risk factors need to be identified so that the underlying causes related to patients' behavioral patterns that led to the disease can be addressed as well. The patient should be informed about the scientific evidence related to the treatment choices in a participative atmosphere. Decision trees may help to make the range of findings comprehensible and the therapeutic shared decision-making process understandable to the patients.

scholarly journals Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in Nepal: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Gauli ◽  
Suraj Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Redd Plus ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Available Information

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries is a mechanism that allows industrialized countries to offset their emissions by purchasing carbon credits from developing countries, which reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation by avoiding such activities. The Government of Nepal is committed to REDD through reversing deforestation and forest degradation, conservation of existing forest and enhancing forest carbon stocks, while addressing livelihoods concerns at the same time since 2009 and now it has been flourished in the country along with concept of sustainable development of the forest resource of country. Nepal has undergone different stages during this process and has planned certain strategy for the future. The assemblages of the available information on REDD in Nepal is important to over view its holistic prospect, aspect and potentiality in the least developing country like Nepal which holds the greater possibility to be benefited from the REDD. Nepal is now in the process to prepare national REDD strategy by 2013 and there are different On Going REDD -Plus Piloting Initiatives in Nepal. Nepal has greater potentiality of being benefited from REDD though some policy related to it needed to be redefined and clarify. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10257  The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 75-83

Competition Policy for the New Era

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The World

This book presents a new stage in the contributions of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) to the development of Competition Law and policy. These countries have significant influence in their respective regions and in the world. The changing global environment means greater political and economic role for the BRICS and other emerging countries. BRICS countries are expected to contribute nearly half of all global gross domestic product growth by 2020. For more than a century, the path of Competition Law has been defined by the developed and industrialized countries of the world. Much later, developing countries and emerging economies came on the scene. They experience many of the old competition problems, but they also experience new problems, and experience even the old problems differently. Where are the fora to talk about Competition Law and policy fit for developing and emerging economies? The contributors in this book are well-known academic and practising economists and lawyers from both developed and developing countries. The chapters begin with a brief introduction of the topic, followed by a critical discussion and a conclusion. Accordingly, each chapter is organized around a central argument made by its author(s) in relation to the issue or case study discussed. These arguments are thoughtful, precise, and very different from each another. Each chapter is written to be a valuable freestanding contribution to our collective wisdom. The set of case studies as a whole helps to build a collection of different perspectives on competition policy.

The awakening information needs of the developing countries

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn V. Tell
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Centres Of Excellence

The developing countries arc emulating the industrialized countries when setting up information services to cater for their information needs. However, the traditional infrastruc ture of service organisations may not be the best model for supporting easy and speedy access to information. A different approach is argued, founded upon the enthusiasm with which many developing countries have taken to online systems when demonstrated there. A model for a ministerial information network is proposed as part of a "social intel ligence function" of the country. It is proposed that Unesco and UNIDO should set up regional "centres of excellence" according to this model for developing countries.

scholarly journals Environmental Performance Index: Regional Aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Sergey Bereznev ◽  
Olga Zonova ◽  
Evdokiya Kulpina
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Correlation ◽  
National System ◽  
Environmental Performance Index ◽  
Regional Aspect

The methodology of calculation of environmental performance index is considered in the article. The necessity of assessing the environmental efficiency index at the regional level in connection with which the authors attempted to adapt the indicators is proved; the recommendations on improving the national system of environmental indicators for the purpose of maximum correlation with the indicators of the environmental performance index are given.

scholarly journals Manually operated pile driver for use in the south Iraqi Marshlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Monti ◽  
Giuseppe Rossi ◽  
Stefano Simonini ◽  
Francesco Sorbetti Guerri ◽  
Matteo Barbari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Pile Driver ◽  
Floating Pier

Anthropizations are necessary to implement the maintenance, recovery and utilization of wetlands. These interventions should be sustainable in every sense, in particular they should be marked by a low environmental impact. In general this aim can be achieved by using natural materials and carrying out procedures minimally invasive. In Developing Countries the latter point is often supported by the lack of equipment and energy availability, normally obtainable in Industrialized Countries. In practice, to build micro-infrastructures with the above said characteristics, it is normally necessary to drive poles, in our case in wood, in marshland’s soil. In order to accomplish this task a manually operated pile driver was designed and built. To operate in the water, a floating pier consisting of removable modular elements was also designed.

Foreign nurse recruitment

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Christine Delucas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Healthcare Crisis ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Foreign Nurse

Recruitment of nurses by industrialized nations from developing countries has been common practice for decades. Globalization, a crucial trend of the 21st century, raises the world’s awareness of the economic and social disparities between nations. The direct impact on nurse emigration emphasizes the ethical, economic, and social inequalities between source and destination countries. It is often more cost-effective for industrialized countries to recruit from developing countries; however, the depletion of source country resources has created a global healthcare crisis. Destination countries are being challenged on the ethical implications of aggressive recruitment and their lack of developing a sustainable self-sufficient domestic workforce. Similarly, source countries are confronting the same challenges as they struggle to fund and educate adequate numbers of nurses for domestic needs and emigrant replacement. This article will review the ethical, economic, and social impacts of continued unrestricted international recruitment of nurses and present a proposal for development of an international treaty addressing global sustainability.

Green field investment and environmental performance: A case of selected nine developing countries of Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Muhammad Adeel-Farooq ◽  
Nor Aznin Abu Bakar ◽  
Jimoh Olajide Raji
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Performance
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