Dynamic assessment of economic and environmental performance index and generation, composition, environmental and human health risks of hospital solid waste in developing countries; A state of the art of review

This paper focuses on delineation of ecological viability due to changes of household energy consumption behavior. Then the research also explored the factors (Environmental resources) behind growing ecological footprint. For having a lot of natural elements and high residential characteristics ward-4 of Khulna city was selected as study area. The research followed a three step approaches. At first, geographical and topographical data are analyzed in geo-spatial environment. Which helped to draw the Environmental Performance framework. Geographical Information system (GIS) helps to evaluate the current scenario and past scenario of the resource compatibility of some existing assets. The second phase is all about assessing the residents’ behavior towards energy consumption practice and the influencing factors behind this. The third part showed the environmental performance index (EPI) that include both the socio-economic problems and environmental circumstances using NSA method under the explanatory variables of environmental impact assessment (EIA). Essential natural assets especially water body and the vegetation has decreased at tremendous rate in recent time in Ward-4 with the enhancement of buildup area. This research is totally based on stakeholder perception towards energy consumption pattern and all the further assessment depend on this concept. To assess the behavioral changing factors, it seems that the correlation between income range and energy consumption is positive and linear. It represents that people want to switch high energy consumption appliances with growing wealth. Third phase assess environmental health (measure threat to human health) and ecological vitality (measures ecosystem service and natural resources) under environmental performance index. As the study is mostly involved local residents of study area so the method of neighborhood sustainability Assessment (NSA) is combined with EPI method for scoring the indicators. The approximate score of Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is around 53 percent demarcating the areas existing situation is in moderate rate and diverted from the standard value. This research draw attention to find out environment viability of ward-4 by measuring environmental stress to human health and ecosystem for providing practical guidance to government that aspire to move towards sustainable future.

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Wastewater Effluent vs. Safety In Its Reuse: State-of-the-Art

Journal of the IEST ◽

10.17764/jiet.1.32.5.emq35781761m2658 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Abul Shahalam

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Wastewater Effluent ◽

Human Health Risks ◽

Wastewater Quality ◽

The Subject

A state-of-the-art review of the human health risks associated with the reuse of wastewater effluent is presented. The subject is of much concern as the need for wastewater becomes more critical in the wake of worldwide shortages of good quality water. The subject of wastewater reuse has been a controversial subject during the last few decades due to the fear of harmful effects on human health and the environment. But recent technology relating to wastewater treatment methods has changed the outlook significantly. The article offers a broad review of the available data on wastewater treatment performance particularly relating to the removal of pathogenic agents. The areas specifically covered are: wastewater quality from various wastewater systems with respect to pathogens; available conventional and nonconventional wastewater treatment technologies; available laboratory methodologies for enumerating the pathogenic state of wastewater and their reliabilities; various methodologies of preuse disinfection of wastewater and their feasibility for practical use; and the pathogen survival rates in liquid water and various other media. The human health risks associated with wastewater reuse in agriculture are assessed at the present level of understanding and are discussed in detail. Areas that need further investigations are delineated.

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