scholarly journals WTO Provision and Higher Education in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Amit Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Government Purchases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Textiles And Clothing ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements cover a wide range of activities such as agriculture, textiles and clothing, banking, telecommunications, government purchases, industrial standards and product safety, food and sanitation regulations and intellectual property. Under the WTO agreements, countries cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners. Imported and locally produced goods should be treated equally. The same should apply to foreign and domestic services, and to trademarks, copyrights and patents. Education has been considered as one of the trades in the WTO. It has been argued that the accession of membership to WTO will be very helpful in the development of a country like Nepal so, this paper especially tries to find out the dilemmas and prospective on higher education in Nepal with respect to WTO provision. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.10965 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 139-142  

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

A WTO Ruling Matters: Citizens’ Support for the Government’s Compliance with Trade Agreements

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wto Agreements

AbstractAn international court’s ruling is expected to influence public opinion because of the perception of its legality and the subsequent costs of noncompliance. However, there has been little direct empirical evidence to support this claim. To close this lacuna, I conducted a survey experiment to examine the power of a court’s ruling in the context of a trade dispute. The experiment shows that citizens become less supportive of their government’s noncompliance with GATT/WTO agreements when the World Trade Organization issues an adverse ruling, compared to when their government is verbally accused of a violation of the same agreements by a foreign country. However, the experiment also finds that the impact of a ruling is conditional upon the level of compliance of the winner of the dispute.

Big Visions and Big Hopes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Minchin
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Working People ◽  
Minority Workers

ThIs chapter examines the early Sweeney years, a remarkable time full of optimism for the AFL-CIO, and for many of America’s working people. Sweeney launched a wide range of reforms, putting an increased emphasis on organizing, political mobilization, and grassroots work, and forging new bonds with unions in other countries. He also introduced unprecedented diversity into the AFL-CIO, appointing more female staffers than ever before, and reaching out to female and minority workers. Sweeney’s efforts secured results; in 1998, for example, union membership increased by 101,000 over the previous year, a notable turnaround. The optimism was still evident at the end of 1999, when the AFL-CIO joined with environmentalists and engaged in mass demonstrations at the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. Two events – the contested 2000 presidential election and 9/11 – acted as turning points, initiating a domestic climate that was much more hostile to the AFL-CIO.

IV. CHINA AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: THE FIRST DECADE

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-798
Author(s):  
Lisa Toohey
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
The Political ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Agreements ◽  
Equality Of Access

By the end of 2011, China will have been a member of the World Trade Organization (the WTO) for a decade. While China has undergone dramatic changes to implement commitments contained in its Protocol of Accession,1debate continues as to whether China has adequately complied with its obligations under the WTO Agreements in both letter and spirit. Some of this debate remains in the political arena, where China is censured over such issues as currency controls and or equality of access for foreign firms like Google; however, it is in the legal arena, and specifically within the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body, that some of the most controversial issues are raised, both against and by China.

United States Moves Forward with Tariffs and Requests WTO Consultations in Response to Certain Trade Practices by China

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trump Administration

Trade tensions between the United States and China have escalated under the Trump administration. Some of this tension has resulted from the steel and aluminum tariffs imposed by the United States on most of its trading partners in the spring of 2018. Another major source of conflict relates to President Trump's concerns with China's perceived unfair practices in relation to intellectual property and technology rights. The Trump administration has addressed these concerns both by pursuing unilateral responses and seeking relief through the World Trade Organization (WTO).

scholarly journals FORUM SHOPPING EVIDENCE IN THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: A SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF DISPUTES BETWEEN MEMBER STATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Kenyth Alves de Freitas ◽  
Bruno de Almeida Vilela ◽  
Rui Fernando Correia Ferreira ◽  
André Edson Ribeiro de Souza Aprigio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Central American ◽  
Forum Shopping ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

The intensification of trade between countries has led to the need to regulate the conduct of trading partners. The World Trade Organization (WTO) forum emerged with the mission of arbitrating these disputes and making trade fairer. However, many countries choose not to participate in this forum because of the financial and legal resources required to conduct the proceedings. The purpose of this research was to verify how the relations within the WTO were configurated in 2014. We identified the dichotomy between central and emerging countries through the concept of forum shopping. The most important actors in the network were shown to be the United States and the European Union, whereas small economies had low participation, especially African and Central American countries. Thus, this study shows that many WTO’s members do not use its forum, which allows inferring they choose regional forums due to the restriction of resources.

The Chapeau of the General Exceptions in the WTO GATT and GATS Agreements: A Reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorand Bartels
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Right ◽  
General Exceptions ◽  
Gatt 1994 ◽  
Wto Agreements

One of the most important issues in the law of the World Trade Organization is the right of WTO members to adopt measures for nontrade purposes. In the WTO’s General Agreement. on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1994) and General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), this right is secured in general exceptions provisions, which permit WTO members to adopt measures to achieve certain objectives, notwithstanding any other provisions of these agreements and also, in some cases, other WTO agreements. These objectives include, most importantly, the protection of public morals, the maintenance of public order, the protection of human, animal, or plant life or health, the enforcement of certain domestic laws, and the conservation of exhaustible natural resources.

Sustainable Development Provisions in the 1994 GATT/WTO Agreements

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Wto Agreements

This chapter argues that, while the World Trade Organization (WTO) may have accepted sustainable development as an objective of its members, it is not clear that the WTO has successfully integrated either environment or social development concerns into trade policy-making, to date. It considers the three opportunities for integration discussed in Chapter 3, and the implications of attempts to respond to them within the WTO, in two phases. First, it considers the WTO Agreements after the conclusion of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), and the 1994 Uruguay Round, and how they are interpreted by the WTO Panel and Appellate Body in trade disputes, as well as any progress in WTO negotiations with respect to the tensions identified earlier during that period. Second, it considers developments in the WTO Doha Round of trade negotiations that were launched in 2001, directly before the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), and how subsequent WTO disputes have addressed these tensions.

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