scholarly journals Breaking the Bottleneck: Conflicts Metamorphosis of Chure Landscape Management in Federal Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Bhola Bhattarai ◽  
Dipak Bishwokarma ◽  
Mathilde Legras
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Community Conflict ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area

Chure forests, which is one of the youngest and most fragile landscapes of Nepal, continue to be degraded due to resource exploitation and conflict over its management. This region is considered to be the lifeline to down-stream communities - mainly for water - while inhabiting millions of poor and rural people that depend on natural resources - especially forests commons. Government initiatives to manage Chure have escalated contestations in the recent years. Its decision to declare Chure landscape as ‘Environmental Protection Area’ manifests a protection-centric management approach. This research scrutinises the genesis of contestation on Chure management utilising three–elements of conflicts described by Brown et al. (2017). It analyses power–relation to demonstrate potential implications on Chure landscape management as well as conflict resolution options, in the changed political context of federal Nepal. Our research reveals that all stakeholders are well aware of the continuous degradation of Chure landscape and have agreed on discovering the common locus of sustainable management. However, the state-community contestation still persists due to divergent understandings of degradation. Despite multiple strands of management options, contextualised community-based approach still appears to be an appropriate option to solve this persistent contestation, building on the practices of community forestry and historic failures of top-down, protection-centric management practice. The newly elected provincial and local governments could further facilitate a more effective management of Chure landscape through resolving the contentious state-community conflict.

scholarly journals Dengue-2 and Guadeloupe Mosquito Virus RNA Detected in Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. Collected in a Vehicle Impound Yard in Santo André, SP, Brazil

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Marina E. O. Rangel ◽  
Luana P. R. Oliveira ◽  
Aline D. Cabral ◽  
Katharyna C. Gois ◽  
Marcos V. M. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate

In 2018–2019, we conducted mosquito collections in a municipal vehicle impound yard, which is 10 km from the Serra do Mar Environmental Protection Area in Santo André, SP, Brazil. Our aim is to study arboviruses in the impound yard, to understand the transmission of arboviruses in an urban environment in Brazil. We captured the mosquitoes using human-landing catches and processed them for arbovirus detection by conventional and quantitative RT-PCR assays. We captured two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti (73 total specimens; 18 females and 55 males) and Ae. albopictus (34 specimens; 27 females and 7 males). The minimum infection rate for DENV-2 was 11.5 per 1000 (CI95%: 1–33.9). The detection of DENV-2 RNA in an Ae. albopictus female suggests that this virus might occur in high infection rates in the sampled mosquito population and is endemic in the urban areas of Santo André. In addition, Guadeloupe mosquito virus RNA was detected in an Ae. aegypti female. To our knowledge, this was the first detection of the Guadeloupe mosquito virus in Brazil.

scholarly journals Management of extra-abdominal fibromatosis in a musculoskeletal tumour centre in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
pp. 221049172198908
Author(s):  
Lam Wei Sze Yvette ◽  
Fong Sin Tak ◽  
Mak Ka Lok
Keyword(s):  
Watchful Waiting ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tumour ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Tumour Location ◽  
Marginal Status

Introduction: Fibromatosis is a benign disease yet prone to recurrence. The best treatment option remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyse the management approach in our musculoskeletal tumour centre. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with extra-abdominal fibromatosis referred to our centre between 2000 to 2018 were included. Patients’ demographics, tumour location and size, year of diagnosis, treatment modalities, surgical margins, recurrence, and subsequent management were analysed. Results: Patients mostly presented in the second and third decade, with female predominance. Twenty-seven patients underwent excision. Other management options included ‘watchful waiting’, pharmacological treatment and radiotherapy. Recurrence rate was 51.9%. There was no statistically significant relationship between marginal status and recurrence. Conclusion: We report our experiences on management of fibromatosis, with strategy shifted from early excision to a conservative approach over the years. Surgical excision is still indicated in some situations. Tumour recurrence is not rare but second excision is not always necessary.

Assessment of trace metal contamination and bioavailability in an Environmental Protection Area: Guaxindiba estuarine system (Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 101143
Author(s):  
Michele Fernandes ◽  
Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca ◽  
Leonardo da Silva Lima ◽  
Susanna Eleonora Sichel ◽  
Jessica de Freitas Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area

Yield and diametric structure of Dimorphandra mollis Benth

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Paulino Costa ◽  
Messulan Rodrigues Meira ◽  
Silma Leite Rocha ◽  
Thaíse Ohana Moura Fernandes ◽  
Ernane Ronie Martins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Environmental Importance

ABSTRACT Dimorphandra mollis is native to the Brazilian Savanna and has social, economic and environmental importance. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and diametric distribution of Dimorphandra mollis Benth. in the Pandeiros River Environmental Protection Area, in Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Five areas were assessed, totaling five hectares (50 plots of 1,000 m2). The total number of plants, yield per plant (2018, 2019 and 2020) and diameter at breast height were recorded, considering all trees from the plots in diametric classes. The average diameter at breast height of all plants was 6.05 ± 3.07 cm, and that of the plants that produced in at least one of the evaluated years was 7.46 ± 3.15 cm. The diametric distribution showed classes with no individuals, indicating imbalance, as well as a trend to inverted “J” shape. The maximum annual yield was 8.08 kg ha-1 of dry fruits (2019), the minimum 0.42 kg ha-1 (2018), and the average 2.74 kg ha-1, with biennial characteristic.

Cytostatic Agents in the Management of Malignant Gliomas

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Cytostatic Agents ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors

Background: Cytotoxic therapy for malignant gliomas is limited by poor delivery and drug resistance, and local therapy is ineffective in managing migratory cells. However, recent developments in malignant glioma therapy involve trials of cytostatic rather than conventional cytotoxic agents. Methods: The biology of the brain extracellular matrix, tumor invasion, and angiogenesis are reviewed, and the cytostatic agents that inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and signal transduction are discussed, as well as studies of the angiogenic and migratory capacity of malignant brain tumors. Results: Two specific and interrelated areas, anti-invasion (migration) and anti-angiogenesis, are potential areas to develop new treatment strategies. Tumor invasion and angiogenesis are important components of the spread and biologic effects of malignant gliomas. Several proteinase inhibitors are in clinical trial, as well as anti-angiogenic agents and signal transduction cascade inhibitors. Conclusions: Biologic control of brain tumor cell populations may offer a new management approach to add to currently available management options for malignant brain tumors.

scholarly journals PREDICTING THE VARIABILITY OF COPPER AND ZINC IN LEAF AND SOIL OF OIL PALM PLANTED ON A 12 HA LAND USING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shuhada Tajudin ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa ◽  
Idris Abu Seman ◽  
Sivakumar Balasundram
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Geospatial Information

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an important economic tree crops in the tropic. However, more than 95 % of oil palms grown in Southeast Asia are on acid, low fertility and highly weathered soils. Optimum value of micronutrients in the soil was required to enhance the efficiency of use of macro-nutrients. Hence, to observe and predict the fertility status of the oil palm plantation area, a 12 hectare study site was used and a total of 60 geo-referenced soil and leaf samples were collected for determinations of pH and selected micronutrients of Cu and Zn content. The data were explored and mapped using geostatistic and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area had acidic type of soil with pH ranged from 3.25-5.85. The analysis showed that almost 78% of the study area had high content of Cu in soil, while another 22% of area was low to moderate in Cu. However, Cu content in leaf were categorized as insufficient as 100% of the area was observed to have Cu less than 3 ppm. About 80% of the study area showed a low to moderate content of Zn in soil, while another 20% of area showed a high content of Zn. Zinc content in leaf ranged from optimum to high categories. However, this value did not reach the excess level of Zn (50 ppm). These results suggest that, this plantation area need a site specific management approach in order to increase its crop productivity in regards to nutrient management. As a preliminary recommendation, a zone management practice would be applied in future as it is beneficial in term of protecting the environment from excessive fertilizer.

scholarly journals Coral reef detection using SAR/RADARSAT-1 images at Costa dos Corais, PE/AL, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico de Moraes Rudorff ◽  
Douglas Francisco Marcolino Gherardi
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Speckle Noise ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Error Matrix ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Reference Map

The present work aimed to examine the potentials of SAR RADARSAT-1 images to detect emergent coral reefs at the Environmental Protection Area of "Costa dos Corais". Multi-view filters were applied and tested for speckle noise reduction. A digital unsupervised classification based on image segmentation was performed and the classification accuracy was evaluated by an error matrix built between the SAR image classification and a reference map obtained from a TM Landsat-5 classification. The adaptative filters showed the best results for speckle suppression and border preservation, especially the Kuan, Gamma MAP, Lee, Frost and Enhanced Frost filters. Small similarity and area thresholds (5 and 10, respectively) were used for the image segmentation due to the reduced dimensions and the narrow and elongated forms of the reefs. The classification threshold of 99% had a better user's accuracy, but a lower producer's accuracy because it is a more restrictive threshold; therefore, it may be possible that it had a greater omission on reef classification. The results indicate that SAR images have a good potential for the detection of emergent coral reefs.

Water quality in an urban environmental protection area in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Cibele Rigolin Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
João Henrique de Souza Barros ◽  
Michel Constantino ◽  
Fernando Jorge Corrêa Magalhães Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area

scholarly journals Amphibians found in the Amazonian Savanna of the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area in Amapá, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Reis Ferreira Lima ◽  
Jucivaldo Dias Lima ◽  
Soraia Dias Lima ◽  
Raullyan Borja Lima Silva ◽  
Gilda Vasconcellos de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Few Data

Abstract Amphibian research has grown steadily in recent years in the Amazon region, especially in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, and Amapá, and neighboring areas of the Guiana Shield. Even so, few data are available for the Amazonian savannas of Brazil. To contribute to the understanding of the diversity of the amphibians of these savannas, we surveyed 15 temporary ponds, six located in open areas, seven on the edge of savanna forest, and two within the forest, in the savanna of the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in Macapá, in the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. Sampling occurred from May 2013 to August 2014 during periods when the ponds contained water. Amphibians were sampled through visual and auditory surveys conducted during both the day- and the nighttime periods on seven days each month over a total of 84 days. A total of 1574 individuals belonging to four families, 12 genera, and 28 species were recorded during the surveys. The cumulative species curve reached the asymptote, indicating that sampling effort was adequate. The number of species was 25% higher than that reported in other studies in Amazonian savannas. Twelve species were recorded for the first time in the savanna of Amapá. Lysapsus boliviana was the most common species (n = 332 of the individuals recorded). The greatest amphibian species richness found in the Rio Curiaú EPA was associated with the savanna mosaic, forest patches, lowland swamp, and temporary ponds. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the diversity of amphibian species in the Guianan area of endemism in northern Brazil, and also the Amazonian savannas.

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