A Healthy City Project: A Case Study of Wonju City, South Korea and its Relevance to the Cities in Nepal

Introduction: One of the goals of sustainable development is to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The healthy city approach is becoming increasingly important in addressing a large number of urban health problems and promoting healthy lifestyles in city dwellers.Objectives: We performed a case study of the healthy city project in Wonju, South Korea to find out its characteristics and approaches, and to explore its relevance to the cities in Nepal.Methods: We conducted a case study of the healthy city Wonju project by reviewing relevant published articles and web pages of the city (http://healthycity.wonju.go.kr), alliance for healthy cities, Korean statistical information service and World Health Organization. We also reviewed articles and documents related to healthy cities in South-East Asian countries and Nepal.Results: The healthy city Wonju project, started in 2004, executed its five-year plan between 2006 and 2010, and is currently running with its 10 year long-term plan (2011- 2020). For its success, Wonju City has been awarded six times by WHO. Recently, Wonju city organized the seventh global conference of the AFHC in August, 2016 in Wonju with the main theme of “our cities, our health, our future”. Key features of the healthy city Wonju project included: Strong political commitment of local government, financing the healthy city initiative with tobacco consumption tax, partnerships with universities, well organized healthy city teams under city administration, coordination with national and regional healthy cities alliance, community participation, and involvement in research for evidence-based planning and evaluation. Nepal, one of the fast urbanizing countries in South-East Asia faces large number of urban health problems.Conclusions: Though numbers of cities and city dwellers are increasing rapidly, Nepal lacks healthy city projects and networking. The approaches of healthy city Wonju might be useful for developing countries such as Nepal to initiate and develop healthy cities projects in a sustainable way. Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVol. 10, No. 1, 2017, page: 34-42

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The healthy settings approach: Healthy Cities and environmental health indicators

Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health ◽

10.1093/med/9780198725916.003.0018 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 264-270

Author(s):

Evelyne de Leeuw ◽

Premila Webster

Keyword(s):

Urban Health ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Urban Environments ◽

World Health ◽

Healthy Cities ◽

The World ◽

Global Movement ◽

Settings Approach ◽

Health Organization

‘Healthy Cities’ is a global movement in urban health that grew from a Canadian initiative in the mid-1980s to a World Health Organization programme. Healthy Cities are characterized by a strong commitment to values such as sustainability, solidarity, justice, and participation embedded in a vision that embraces ecological and community perspectives. The movement comes in different manifestations around the world; this chapter focuses mostly on the European evidence base and discusses efforts that have been made over three decades to establish validated sets of indicators to measure and assess urban health and Healthy Cities. True to the nature of the movement, indicators are both socioecological and biomedical, qualitative, and quantitative. This presents challenges to validity and applicability across urban environments.

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Do Healthy City Performance Awards Lead to Health in All Policies? A Case of Taiwan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16061061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1061 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nuan-Ching Huang ◽

Hsien-Wen Kuo ◽

Te-Jen Hung ◽

Susan Hu

Keyword(s):

Innovation Performance ◽

World Health ◽

Intersectoral Collaboration ◽

Health In All Policies ◽

Healthy Cities ◽

Health Departments ◽

Healthy City ◽

The World ◽

Setting Approach ◽

Health Organization

The Healthy Cities (HC) Project, which was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1986, has been recognized as the best setting approach for health promotion. However, very few studies have addressed how to use HC approaches to establish public policies in non-health departments in cities. This paper describes the strategies for the HC Performance Awards used in Taiwan to draw attention from different departments and to sustain intersectoral collaboration for the purpose of establishing Health in All Policies (HiAP). The methods include: (1) setting up the Taiwan Healthy City Alliance; (2) establishing HC Innovation Performance Awards; (3) reviewing the award applications according to seven criteria; and (4) analyzing the topic content of the award applications. We collected 961 HC award applications during 2013–2016 to analyze their content. The results showed that the number of applications increased nearly every year while significantly more non-health departments applied for the awards compared to health departments (73.3% vs. 26.7%). The award rates of non-health departments have also increased twice from 13.9% in 2013 to 25.8% in 2016. By examining the topics of the award winners, we concluded that “HC Innovation Performance Awards” indeed provide a role and opportunity for political involvement, intersectoral collaboration, co-opetition and capacity building that is necessary for establishing health in all policies.

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The Healthy Cities Movement

Urban Health ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190915858.003.0030 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 285-292

Author(s):

Agis D. Tsouros

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Institutional Change ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

City Government ◽

World Health ◽

Healthy Cities ◽

Political Commitment ◽

Municipal Governments ◽

The World ◽

Innovative Action

The World Health Association Healthy Cities movement aims to engage municipal governments in a range of activities to generate health in cities, through political commitment, institutional change, capacity building, and innovative action for health, equity and sustainable development. At core, the movement aims to put health at the heart of social, economic, and cultural agendas of city government and has been at the forefront of a global move toward recognizing cities’ potential to transform themselves to improve their residents’ health. More than 100 cities are part of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network. This chapter discusses the vision behind, goals of, challenges faced by, and successes of the healthy cities movement, with an eye to lessons learned that can be applied more broadly to urban health.

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Social and administrative aspects of the “Healthy Cities” project: sociological analysis

Урбанистика ◽

10.7256/2310-8673.2019.3.30083 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Larisa Sergeevna Koval'zhina

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

World Health ◽

Healthy Cities ◽

Sociological Study ◽

Healthy City ◽

Health Maintenance ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

This article presents the analysis of sociological discourse on the fundamental aspects of the “Healthy Cities” project; discusses the peculiarities of the World Health Organization “Healthy Cities” strategy; technologies of formation of the created on its basis programs on preservation of health of the urban population. The importance of the political and legislative factor impacting people’s health and inequality with regards to health maintenance is revealed. The subject of this research is the projects aimed at preservation of health of the city dwellers and overcoming of inequality related to health, developed on the basis of the World Health Organization “Healthy Cities” concept. The author applies the theoretical-methodological analysis, secondary data analysis of the sociological study “Moscow is a Healthy City” (Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 2018)’; as well as survey results, conducted by the author in 2013 and 2017 among the schoolers, university students, and their parents of Tyumen Region, on the questions of health maintenance. The main conclusion consists in consideration of the socio-biological gradient in formation of inequalities with regards to health among the representatives of different social groups. The author emphasizes the effectiveness of the “Healthy Cities” project in Moscow; as well as discusses the strategies on preservation of health among the population of Tyumen Region. The results of the conducted sociological study on living a healthy lifestyle demonstrate an accurate correlation between the increasing level of education and the number of those adopting a healthy lifestyle. Such project is relevant for not only large cities, but also rural areas with certain adjustment to the local specificities and tasks.

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Community Participation in Health: A Case Study of World Health Organization's Healthy Cities Project in Barcelona and Sheffield

Community Development Journal ◽

10.1093/cdj/26.2.112 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 112-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lesley Karen Smith

Keyword(s):

Community Participation ◽

World Health ◽

Healthy Cities

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Breastfeeding, first-food systems and corporate power: a case study on the market and political practices of the transnational baby food industry and public health resistance in the Philippines

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-021-00774-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Phillip Baker ◽

Paul Zambrano ◽

Roger Mathisen ◽

Maria Rosario Singh-Vergeire ◽

Ana Epefania Escober ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

The Philippines ◽

Baby Food ◽

World Health ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Milk Formula ◽

Political Commitment ◽

Political Strategies ◽

Breastfeeding Policy

Abstract Background The aggressive marketing of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) reduces breastfeeding, and harms child and maternal health globally. Yet forty years after the World Health Assembly adopted the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (The Code), many countries are still to fully implement its provisions into national law. Furthermore, despite The Code, commercial milk formula (CMF) markets have markedly expanded. In this paper, we adopt the Philippines as a case study to understand the battle for national Code implementation. In particular, we investigate the market and political strategies used by the baby food industry to shape the country’s ‘first-food system’, and in doing so, promote and sustain CMF consumption. We further investigate how breastfeeding coalitions and advocates have resisted these strategies, and generated political commitment for a world-leading breastfeeding policy framework and protection law (the ‘Milk Code’). We used a case study design and process tracing method, drawing from documentary and interview data. Results The decline in breastfeeding in the Philippines in the mid-twentieth Century associated with intensive BMS marketing via health systems and consumer advertising. As regulations tightened, the industry more aggressively promoted CMFs for older infants and young children, thereby ‘marketing around’ the Milk Code. It established front groups to implement political strategies intended to weaken the country’s breastfeeding policy framework while also fostering a favourable image. This included lobbying government officials and international organizations, emphasising its economic importance and threats to foreign investment and trade, direct litigation against the government, messaging that framed marketing in terms of women’s choice and empowerment, and forging partnerships. A resurgence in breastfeeding from the mid-1980s onwards reflected strengthening political commitment for a national breastfeeding policy framework and Milk Code, resulting in-turn, from collective actions by breastfeeding coalitions, advocates and mothers. Conclusion The Philippines illustrates the continuing battle for worldwide Code implementation, and in particular, how the baby food industry uses and adapts its market and political practices to promote and sustain CMF markets. Our results demonstrate that this industry’s political practices require much greater scrutiny. Furthermore, that mobilizing breastfeeding coalitions, advocacy groups and mothers is crucial to continually strengthen and protect national breastfeeding policy frameworks and Code implementation.

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Impact Evaluation of Healthy City Implementation in Makassar City

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.5175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (T2) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Inayyah Nur Fitry ◽

Sukri Palutturi ◽

Ridwan M. Thaha ◽

Aminuddin Syam

Keyword(s):

Phenomenological Approach ◽

City Government ◽

Healthy Cities ◽

Political Commitment ◽

Healthy City ◽

Level Of Involvement ◽

The Government ◽

Document Review ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

BACKGROUND: Healthy city is one of the health development strategies in Indonesia that has been started since 2007. Implementation of healthy city in Makassar has entered its 12th year. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of healthy cities based on aspects of the level of involvement. METOHDS: This research method uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach where research departs from phenomena found in the field and then is developed in depth. Informants in this study were 13 people. Data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and documentation. RESULTS: The results showed that the involvement of women in the implementation of healthy cities in Makassar was shown from the large number of female workers who were directly involved in various programs launched by the city government related to healthy cities. In addition, many women play an important role by being the head of a healthy subdistrict program in nine subdistricts in the city of Makassar. Whereas the political commitment indicator shows the results that the Makassar city government’s political commitment to the implementation of the healthy city is seen from the achievement of the Makassar city government which has succeeded in getting the highest award in the healthy city, Swasti Saba Wistara 4 times since 2007. After interviews and document review, the evaluation of the impact of the implementation of healthy cities based on women’s involvement and political commitment of the government shows quite good and significant results since the implementation of healthy cities. CONCLUSION: However, coordination at the government level is expected to be further improved, because there is still frequent miss communication between several Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Daerah in the implementation of tasks to achieve healthy city indicators.

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HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM PADA IBU HAMIL DI KLINIK BIDAN SUPRIYATI SRIBIT BERBAH SLEMAN

Surya Medika: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan dan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.32504/sm.v14i1.108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Pramukti Dian Setianingrum ◽

Farah Irmania Tsani

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

The Body ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Daily Activities ◽

World Health ◽

The World

Backgroud: The World Health Organization (WHO) explained that the number of Hyperemesis Gravidarum cases reached 12.5% of the total number of pregnancies in the world and the results of the Demographic Survey conducted in 2007, stated that 26% of women with live births experienced complications. The results of the observations conducted at the Midwife Supriyati Clinic found that pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum, with a comparison of 10 pregnant women who examined their contents there were about 4 pregnant women who complained of excessive nausea and vomiting. Objective: to determine the hyperemesis Gravidarum of pregnant mother in clinic. Methods: This study used Qualitative research methods by using a case study approach (Case Study.) Result: The description of excessive nausea of vomiting in women with Hipermemsis Gravidarum is continuous nausea and vomiting more than 10 times in one day, no appetite or vomiting when fed, the body feels weak, blood pressure decreases until the body weight decreases and interferes with daily activities days The factors that influence the occurrence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum are Hormonal, Diet, Unwanted Pregnancy, and psychology, primigravida does not affect the occurrence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Conclusion: Mothers who experience Hyperemesis Gravidarum feel nausea vomiting continuously more than 10 times in one day, no appetite or vomiting when fed, the body feels weak, blood pressure decreases until the weight decreases and interferes with daily activities, it is because there are several factors, namely, hormonal actors, diet, unwanted pregnancy, and psychology.

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