scholarly journals Relation of Neck Circumference to Central Obesity and Overweight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Presenting to a Tertiary Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Ishwor Sharma ◽  
Sanjay K Gupta ◽  
Kiran Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Tertiary Center

Introduction Overweight and obesity with their surrogate anthropometric markers like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist hip ratio (WHR) have been shown to be strongly associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neck circumference (NC) though less used can be an equally effective alternative to diagnose overweight and obesity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a resource limited setting. MethodsPatients who had Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for 5 years or more and above 35 years underwent simple random sampling. Weight, height, WC and NC were measured. BMI was calculated and patients were graded into overweight and obesity based on the Asian cutoffs for BMI and abdominal obesity. ResultsAmong 100 patients enrolled in this study, 45% were men and the mean age was 53.05. Mean neck circumference was 36.55 ± 1.28 cm and 35.27 ± 1.78 cm for male and female respectively. NC was positively correlated with WC and BMI in both men and women (p ˂ 0.001). In the ROC curves, NC presented the largest area under the curve (AUC) for overweight in males (p ˂ 0.001), while NC presented a large AUC for central obesity in both genders. Furthermore, the cut off value of neck circumference for overweight was 35.6 cm in males vs 35.2 cm in females and for central obesity was 36.75 cm in males vs 34.75 cm in females. ConclusionNeck circumference was positively associated with overweight and central obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Neck Circumference as a Simple Tool for Assessing Central Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Greece - A Descriptive Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
Athanasia Papazafiropoulou ◽  
Konstantina Anagnostopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Papanas ◽  
Konstantina Petropoulou ◽  
Andreas Melidonis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Simple Tool

scholarly journals The Effect ofTinospora crispaon Serum Glucose and Insulin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theerawut Klangjareonchai ◽  
Chulaporn Roongpisuthipong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Insulin Levels

Objective. To determine the effects ofTinospora crispaon serum glucose and insulin levels in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Method. Serum from 10 healthy subjects and 10 diabetic participants, who had fasted overnight, were obtained every 30–60 minutes during the 3 hours of continued fasting and during the 3 hours after ingestion of 75 g of glucose with or without ingestion of 125 or 250 g ofTinospora crispadry powder capsule. Glucose and Insulin levels were analyzed and the areas under the curve for mean serum glucose and insulin levels were calculated.Result. The areas under the curve of mean serum glucose and insulin levels in both healthy and diabetic participants were not significantly different between with or withoutTinospora crispadry powder capsule. In diabetic participants the area under the curve of glucose was slightly lesser when 250 mg ofTinospora crispawas ingested, but not reaching statistical significance (478 and 444 mg min/ml, resp.,P=0.57).Conclusion. The results suggest thatTinospora crispaingestion cannot affect serum glucose and insulin levels in healthy subjects or patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Circulating Levels of Betatrophin and Irisin Are Not Associated with Pancreaticβ-Cell Function in Previously Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingshu Wang ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Peng Lin ◽  
Kai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Partial Correlation Analysis

Betatrophin and irisin are two recently identified hormones which may participate in regulating pancreaticβ-cell function. However, the associations of these two hormones withβ-cell function remain unclear. The present study aims to demonstrate the associations of circulating betatrophin and irisin levels withβ-cell function, assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of C-peptide, and the possible correlation between these two hormones in previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In total, 20 age-, sex-, and body mass index- (BMI-) matched normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects and 120 previously diagnosed T2DM patients were included in this study. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between these two hormones and indexes ofβ-cell function and insulin resistance. Our results showed that betatrophin levels were significantly elevated, while irisin levels were significantly decreased, in patients with T2DM compared with NGT subjects. However, partial correlation analysis showed that betatrophin levels did not correlate withβ-cell function-related variables or insulin resistance-related variables before or after controlling multiple covariates, while irisin correlated positively with insulin sensitivity but is not associated withβ-cell function-related variables. Besides, no correlation was observed between betatrophin and irisin levels. Hence we concluded that betatrophin and irisin were not associated withβ-cell function in previously diagnosed T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Cutaneous manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Roslind ◽  
Kunnummal Muhammed ◽  
K. G. Sajeeth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Normal Controls

Objectives: The objectives of the study were (1) to study the cutaneous manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in comparison to normal subjects and (2) to document the association between cutaneous manifestations and complications of DM. Materials and Methods: In this 1-year comparative cross-sectional study, 100 patients receiving treatment at the diabetic clinic of a tertiary center were evaluated for cutaneous manifestations and complications due to diabetes. The cutaneous features in diabetics were compared with that of normal controls. An attempt was made to find out any association between cutaneous features of DM and internal organ involvement due to diabetes. Results: Cutaneous manifestations were more frequent in patients with type 2 DM than normal controls. The most common manifestation in diabetics was fungal infection followed by bacterial infection. Diabetic dermopathy was found to have statistically significant association with nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy due to type 2 DM. Limitations: Limited sample size and study confined to a tertiary referral center. Conclusions: Dermatology manifestations provide important clues of prognostic significance in type 2 DM.

scholarly journals Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: an updated narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. S87-S92
Author(s):  
Rachid Malek
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Therapeutic Education

This review focused on data on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Africa, where the current number of diabetes individuals has reached 19 million. There appears to be heterogeneity in the data between countries with a trend towards the development of diabetes at an earlier age, high socio-economic impact but also limited financial resources given that the majority of African countries are developing countries with low to middle income. Africa is not spared the universal risk factors for T2DM, but the influence of the environment (urbanization), inadequate diets and sedentary lifestyle, often leading to overweight and obesity, remains a major concern. This is reflected in projections and estimates by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), which predicts a 143% increase in the number of people with diabetes in Africa by 2045. Other factors have a negative impact on diabetes management, such as difficult access to medication and lack of education programs. Overall and individual awareness raising in collaboration with health authorities, governments and the media remains the most appropriate. Pending the implementation of national programs for the prevention of diabetes and its complications, it is necessary to strengthen therapeutic education and improve the quality of primary care in order to fight the scourge of diabetes. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, prevalence, risk factors, Africa.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Controversial Aspects of Adiponectin in Cardiometabolic Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 695-707
Author(s):  
Emilio Antonio Francischetti ◽  
Rômulo Sperduto Dezonne ◽  
Cláudia Maria Pereira ◽  
Cyro José de Moraes Martins ◽  
Bruno Miguel Jorge Celoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Adiponectin Receptors ◽  
Circulating Levels

AbstractIn 2016, the World Health Organization estimated that more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight or obese. This impressive number shows that weight excess is pandemic. Overweight and obesity are closely associated with a high risk of comorbidities, such as insulin resistance and its most important outcomes, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin has emerged as a salutary adipocytokine, with insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective properties. However, under metabolically unfavorable conditions, visceral adipose tissue-derived inflammatory cytokines might reduce the transcription of the adiponectin gene and consequently its circulating levels. Low circulating levels of adiponectin are negatively associated with various conditions, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. In contrast, several recent clinical trials and meta-analyses have reported high circulating adiponectin levels positively associated with cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. These results are biologically intriguing and counterintuitive, and came to be termed “the adiponectin paradox”. Adiponectin paradox is frequently associated with adiponectin resistance, a concept related with the downregulation of adiponectin receptors in insulin-resistant states. We review this contradiction between the apparent role of adiponectin as a health promoter and the recent evidence from Mendelian randomization studies indicating that circulating adiponectin levels are an unexpected predictor of increased morbidity and mortality rates in several clinical conditions. We also critically review the therapeutic perspective of synthetic peptide adiponectin receptors agonist that has been postulated as a promising alternative for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Uganda—a descriptive retrospective study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039258
Author(s):  
Salome Tino ◽  
Billy N Mayanja ◽  
Michael Charles Mubiru ◽  
Emmanuel Eling ◽  
Edward Ddumba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Poor Outcomes

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Uganda.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingThis study was conducted in the outpatient’s T2DM clinic in St. Francis Hospital—Nsambya, Uganda between March and May 2017.ParticipantsType 2 diabetes patients registered in the diabetes clinic between July 2003 and September 2016.Outcome measuresOverweight and obesity defined as body mass index (kg/m2) of 25.0–29.9 and obesity as 30.0 or higher.ResultsOf 1275 T2DM patients, the median age was 54 (IQR: 44–65) years, 770 (60.40%) were females, 887 (69.6%) had hypertension, 385 (28%) had controlled glycaemia, 349 (27%) were obese, while 455 (36%) were overweight. Overweight/obesity were lower among men (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.340 to 0.593, p≤0.001) and among patients aged ≥65 years (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.350 to 0.770, p=0.001); patients who rarely ate fruits and vegetables (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.475 to 0.921, p=0.014) but higher among patients of middle (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.320 to 2.550, p≤0.001) and upper (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.450 to 2.990, p≤0.001) socioeconomic status; on dual therapy (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.024 to 4.604, p=0.043); with peripheral neuropathy (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.039 to 1.834, p=0.026) and hypertension (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.264 to 2.293, p≤0.001).ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are high among T2DM patients in this population and may contribute significantly to poor outcomes of T2DM. Therefore, strategies to address this problem are urgently needed.

Risk Assessment for Type-2 DM among the OPD patients attending at JSS Hospital Chamarajanagara

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar G. ◽  
Usha N. S. ◽  
Sandyashree B.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
And Gender

Background: Diabetes is major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is among the top 10 causes of death in adults. There are number of factors that influence the development of Type 2 DM, the most influential are lifestyle behaviors commonly associated with urbanization. Affordable, quick and easily available validated tools are required for assessment of risk factors for type 2 DM .Using one such questionnaire tool we have conducted a descriptive study in OPD patients of JSS hospital Chamarajanagara to identify and assess the risk of development of Type 2 DM. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus among OPD patients attending at JSS hospital Chamarajanagara and to find the association between risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus among OPD patients attending at JSS hospital chamarajanagara with their selected personal variables Methodology: Questionnaire on demographic profoma. Finnish diabetes risk score was used to collect data. An explorative descriptive method has been adopted and 90 patients were selected for the study using simple random sampling technique Results: The result of the study revealed that 51.1% of participants have moderate risk, 33.3% of participants have high risk and 15.6% of participants have slightly elevated risk. Conclusion: The participants of this study have moderate risk of getting type 2 DM and Gender, Age, Occupation and BMI are significantly associated in contributing the risk of developing type 2 DM.

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