scholarly journals Population Based Study of Cervical Cancer Screening in Bharatpur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ang Tshering Sherpa ◽  
Balman Singh Karki ◽  
Johanne Sundby ◽  
Mari Nygard ◽  
Silvia Franceschii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in developing countries. Hospital based data in Nepal also showed cervical cancer is most commonly occurring cancer among women in Nepal. Pap smear is the very significant screening test for reduction of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer but many developing countries failed to obtain high coverage of target population. Hence failed to achieve major impact of cervical cancer screening. National guidelines for cervical cancer and prevention in Nepal is formulated in 2010 and set target population age range of 30-60 with 50% coverage of target population with in a five years span. This study was aimed to elicit baseline survey of cervical cancer screening in a locale where resource for cervical cancer screening is easily available. Population based cross sectional study was done from October 2006 to March 2007. 1547 ever married women aged 16–59 were selected with cluster randomization procedure from Bharatpur municipalities, where BPKMCH (BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital) is located. Free cervical cancer screening was conducted in collaboration with International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) France and BPKMCH. Ethical clearance was obtained from Nepal Health Research council. Interviews were performed using a standard questionnaire to elicit required information. Out of 1033 participants 394 were 16-29 years old. Among them 117 (30%) had at least one Pap test prior coming to the clinic. 16(4%) were age 16-19, 42(11%) were age 20-24 and 59 (15%) were age 25-29. This concludes Present opportunistic cervical cancer screening in Bharatpur is directed towards screening significant proportion of women with less risk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11994Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015page : 3-8 

scholarly journals A Population-Based Study of Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Screening in Rural Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode Olusegun Ajenifuja ◽  
Julia C. Gage ◽  
Akinfolarin C. Adepiti ◽  
Nicolas Wentzensen ◽  
Claire Eklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Population Based ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Rural Nigeria

ObjectiveCervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developing countries. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was introduced to screen for cervical premalignant lesions in developing countries owing to the inability of many countries to implement high-quality cytologic services. We sought to compare VIA performance among different health workers in Nigeria.MethodsIn a population-based project, 7 health workers who had been screening women with VIA for approximately 2 years at local government health centers in rural Nigeria were retrained in a 2-week program using the International Agency for Research on Cancer training manual. Women from a rural village who had never had cervical cancer screening were recruited into the study. Each woman had cervical cancer screening by VIA, liquid-based cytologic test, and oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test.ResultsDespite similar participant characteristics, across all age groups, providers had wide ranges of VIA results; 0% to 21% suspect cancer and 0% to 25% were VIA positive. Visual inspection with acetic acid was insensitive compared to a combination of cytologic and HPV tests.ConclusionIn our study, VIA was not reproducible, nor was it sensitive compared to cytologic and HPV tests.

scholarly journals Study on cervical cancer screening amongst nurses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Srivastava ◽  
Bindiya Gupta ◽  
Vikas Lakha ◽  
Shilpa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at tertiary centre regarding cervical cancer screening. Material and Methods: Validated questionnaire was circulated amongst staff nurses at tertiary care centre after taking informed consent. Results and Discussion: Cancer of cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy in female and it is ranked second to breast cancer. It has a positive association with HPV infection. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially following introduction of screening programmes. This present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at GTB Hospital towards cervical cancer risk factors, sign & symptoms and screening as they are important health professionals. In our study, the results showed that 99% of respondents were aware of Pap smear as screening programme and about 60-70% were aware of HPV as positive organism, but most of them never had a Pap smear done before. Majority of them did not know VIA, VILI and colposcopy as screening techniques. Conclusion: It may thus be recommended that institutions should periodically organize seminars and training for health personnel especially the nurses which form a group of professionals that should give health education to women about cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Assessing the implementation of population based cervical cancer screening in Amadora, Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Leite ◽  
S Pereira ◽  
D Vaz ◽  
T Smet ◽  
C Portilheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Tests

Abstract Background Population-based cervical cancer screening (CCS) are deemed to be more cost-effective than opportunistic screening and to reduce inequalities. Implementation in Portugal has been heterogeneous, at the regional level. In Amadora healthcare cluster (Lisbon area), implementation started in April 2018 in a pilot unit and was scaled-up. We aimed to assess population-based CCS implementation in Amadora. Methods Population-based CCS targets women aged 30-65, and utilises liquid-based cytology with partial HPV genotyping (HPV16/18 and other high-risk HPV - hrHPV). Samples positive for other hrHPV undergo a cytology. HPV16/18+ and other hrHPV+ with ≥ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) are referred to colposcopy. We assessed implementation according to key indicators extracted from our information system: geographic coverage, number of tests, positive results, positive predictive value of referral (number of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-CIN/number colposcopies). Results As of 30 August 2019, CCS were in place in 4 of the 9 units, potentially covering 20904 women (48.4% of the target population). 1797 womem performed screening within the programme. Invitation for screening is currently implemented in 1 of the 4 units. Screening results were available for 1702 women, 11,1% were HPV+. From these, 26,5% were HPV 16/18+ and 86.2% positive for other hrHPV. Among the latter, 63.2% were negative for intraepithelial lesion and 36.8% were ≥ASCUS. Overall, of these 189 women, 51.3% (n = 97) were referred for colposcopy. Colposcopy results were available for 37 women, of which 13 had a CIN. PPV of referral was 35.1% (95%confidence interval: 20.7;52.6). Conclusions Despite being a population-based screening most tests are still opportunistic. There is still a limited number of colposcopies results but the current PPV of referral is low and requires further investigation. Implementation towards a full population-based screening in Amadora should continue. Key messages Implementation of a population-based cervical cancer screening in Amadora, Portugal is underway but most screening tests are still applied in an opportunistic manner. A limited number of results is avaliable to estimate positive predictive value of referral to colposcopy. Results available indicate a value of 35.1%, which requires further investigation.

Framing preventive care messaging and cervical cancer screening in a health-insured population in South Africa: Implications for population-based communication?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1365-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leegale Adonis ◽  
Jithen Paramanund ◽  
Debashis Basu ◽  
John Luiz
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Message ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

The impact of health message framing on cervical cancer screening uptake is poorly understood. In a prospective randomized control study with 748 females, aged 21–65 years with no Pap smear in the previous 3 years, they randomly received a loss-framed, gain-framed, or neutral health message (control) regarding cervical cancer screening by email. Screening rate in the control group was 9.58 percent (CI: 9.29%–9.87%), 5.71 percent (CI: 5.48%–6.98%) in the gain-framed group, and 8.53 percent (CI: 8.24%–8.81%) in the loss-framed group. Statistically there was no difference between the three screening rates. Framing of health messages may not be a significant consideration when communicating through emails.

scholarly journals Analysis of real-world free cervical cancer screening for eligible women in Beijing China, 2008-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Jie ◽  
Zhang Yan ◽  
Gao Lili ◽  
Zhang Yue ◽  
Han Lili
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is a very common gynecological malignancy. The incidence of cervical cancer in Beijing increased rapidly, the local government launched free cervical cancer screening in 2008 as a pilot, and then the program covered all register eligible women in 16 districts since 2009. Our study assessed the free screening program in Beijing from 2008 to 2018. Methods: Analyzed the data of all women aged 35-64 years old who received free cervical cancer screening in Beijing from January 2008 to December 2018. Results: Since 2008, Beijing has conducted five cycles of cervical cancer screening among 35-64 years old women. During the period, target population has adjusted and service management kept on improved. Totally 2,624,129 person times have received the services. The average detection rate of abnormal cervical cytology was 2.3%, the rate of colposcopy referral was 1.8%, and the rate of abnormal colposcopy result was 63.5%. The detection rate of CIN2+ and cervical cancer was 208.5 / 100,000, of which 5228 cases of CIN 2+ were detected, the detection rate of 199.2 / 100,000; 244 cases of cervical cancer were detected and the rate was 9.3 / 100,000. Conclusions: Free cervical cancer screening can effectively serve the grassroots women, improve women's health awareness, and realize the early detection and early treatment of cervical cancer. The coverage of the screening population and the screening strategies need to be further explored to achieve the goal of decreasing cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the future.

The high burden of cervical cancer in Fiji, 2004–07

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin Law ◽  
James J. Fong ◽  
Eka M. Buadromo ◽  
Josaia Samuela ◽  
Mahomed S. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Control Program ◽  
Incident Cases

Background There are few population-based data on the disease burden of cervical cancer from developing countries, especially South Pacific islands. This study aimed to determine the incidence and mortality associated with cervical cancer and the coverage of Papanicolaou (Pap) cervical cytology in 20- to 69-year-old women in Fiji from 2004 to 2007. Methods: National data on the incident cases of histologically confirmed cervical cancer and the associated deaths, and on Pap smear results were collected from all pathology laboratories, and cancer and death registries in Fiji from 2004 to 2007. Results: There were 413 incident cases of cervical cancer and 215 related deaths during the study timeframe. The annualised incidence and mortality rates in 20- to 69-year-old Melanesian Fijian women, at 49.7 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 43.7–56.4) and 32.3 per 100 000 (95% CI: 26.9–38.4) respectively, were significantly higher than among 20- to 69-year-old Indo-Fijian women at 35.2 per 100 000 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 29.5–41.7) and 19.8 per 100 000 (P = 0.002, 95% CI: 15.1–25.5) respectively. Of 330 cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2006, 186 (56%) had died by 31 December 2006. Pap smear coverage for this period was 8.0% (95% CI: 7.9–8.1) of the target population. Conclusions: The incidence and mortality related to cervical cancer in Fiji is high, whereas Pap smear coverage is very low. Greater investment in alternative screening strategies and preventive measures should be integrated into a comprehensive, strategic cervical cancer control program in Fiji.

scholarly journals Effect of introducing human papillomavirus genotyping into real-world screening on cervical cancer screening in China: a retrospective population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175883592110109
Author(s):  
Binhua Dong ◽  
Huachun Zou ◽  
Xiaodan Mao ◽  
Yingying Su ◽  
Hangjing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hpv Genotyping ◽  
Cytology Screening

Background: China’s Fujian Cervical Pilot Project (FCPP) transitioned cervical cancer screening from high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) nongenotyping to genotyping. We investigated the clinical impact of this introduction, comparing performance indicators between HR-HPV genotyping combined with cytology screening (HR-HPV genotyping period) and the previous HR-HPV nongenotyping combined with cytology screening (HR-HPV nongenotyping period). Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was performed using data from the FCPP for China. We obtained data for the HR-HPV nongenotyping period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013, and for the HR-HPV genotyping period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. Propensity score matching was used to match women from the two periods. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). The primary outcome was the incidence of CIN2+ in women aged ⩾25 years. Performance was assessed and included consistency, reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and cost. Results: Compared with HR-HPV nongenotyping period, in the HR-HPV genotyping period, more CIN2+ cases were identified at the initial screening (3.06% versus 2.32%; p < 0.001); the rate of colposcopy referral was higher (10.87% versus 6.64%; p < 0.001); and the hazard ratio of CIN2+ diagnosis was 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.43–1.88; p < 0.001) after controlling for health insurance status and age. The total costs of the first round of screening (US$66,609 versus US$65,226; p = 0.293) were similar during the two periods. Higher screening coverage (25.95% versus 25.19%; p = 0.007), higher compliance with age recommendations (92.70% versus 91.69%; p = 0.001), lower over-screening (4.92% versus 10.15%; p < 0.001), and reduced unqualified samples (cytology: 1.48% versus 1.73%, p = 0.099; HR-HPV: 0.57% versus 1.34%, p < 0.001) were observed in the HR-HPV genotyping period. Conclusions: Introduction of an HR-HPV genotyping assay in China could detect more CIN2+ lesions at earlier stages and improve programmatic indicators. Evidence suggests that the introduction of HR-HPV genotyping is likely to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer in China.

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