The high burden of cervical cancer in Fiji, 2004–07

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin Law ◽  
James J. Fong ◽  
Eka M. Buadromo ◽  
Josaia Samuela ◽  
Mahomed S. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Control Program ◽  
Incident Cases

Background There are few population-based data on the disease burden of cervical cancer from developing countries, especially South Pacific islands. This study aimed to determine the incidence and mortality associated with cervical cancer and the coverage of Papanicolaou (Pap) cervical cytology in 20- to 69-year-old women in Fiji from 2004 to 2007. Methods: National data on the incident cases of histologically confirmed cervical cancer and the associated deaths, and on Pap smear results were collected from all pathology laboratories, and cancer and death registries in Fiji from 2004 to 2007. Results: There were 413 incident cases of cervical cancer and 215 related deaths during the study timeframe. The annualised incidence and mortality rates in 20- to 69-year-old Melanesian Fijian women, at 49.7 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 43.7–56.4) and 32.3 per 100 000 (95% CI: 26.9–38.4) respectively, were significantly higher than among 20- to 69-year-old Indo-Fijian women at 35.2 per 100 000 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 29.5–41.7) and 19.8 per 100 000 (P = 0.002, 95% CI: 15.1–25.5) respectively. Of 330 cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2006, 186 (56%) had died by 31 December 2006. Pap smear coverage for this period was 8.0% (95% CI: 7.9–8.1) of the target population. Conclusions: The incidence and mortality related to cervical cancer in Fiji is high, whereas Pap smear coverage is very low. Greater investment in alternative screening strategies and preventive measures should be integrated into a comprehensive, strategic cervical cancer control program in Fiji.

scholarly journals Population Based Study of Cervical Cancer Screening in Bharatpur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ang Tshering Sherpa ◽  
Balman Singh Karki ◽  
Johanne Sundby ◽  
Mari Nygard ◽  
Silvia Franceschii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in developing countries. Hospital based data in Nepal also showed cervical cancer is most commonly occurring cancer among women in Nepal. Pap smear is the very significant screening test for reduction of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer but many developing countries failed to obtain high coverage of target population. Hence failed to achieve major impact of cervical cancer screening. National guidelines for cervical cancer and prevention in Nepal is formulated in 2010 and set target population age range of 30-60 with 50% coverage of target population with in a five years span. This study was aimed to elicit baseline survey of cervical cancer screening in a locale where resource for cervical cancer screening is easily available. Population based cross sectional study was done from October 2006 to March 2007. 1547 ever married women aged 16–59 were selected with cluster randomization procedure from Bharatpur municipalities, where BPKMCH (BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital) is located. Free cervical cancer screening was conducted in collaboration with International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) France and BPKMCH. Ethical clearance was obtained from Nepal Health Research council. Interviews were performed using a standard questionnaire to elicit required information. Out of 1033 participants 394 were 16-29 years old. Among them 117 (30%) had at least one Pap test prior coming to the clinic. 16(4%) were age 16-19, 42(11%) were age 20-24 and 59 (15%) were age 25-29. This concludes Present opportunistic cervical cancer screening in Bharatpur is directed towards screening significant proportion of women with less risk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11994Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015page : 3-8 

Zambia Cervical Cancer Control Program resource mapping – leveraging support to achieve the 90-70-90 elimination target

2021 ◽  
pp. 100281
Author(s):  
Dorothy Lombe ◽  
Susan Msadabwe ◽  
Mbaita Maka ◽  
Memory Samboko ◽  
Prudence Haimbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Resource Mapping ◽  
Program Resource ◽  
Cancer Control Program

Programs of the Cancer Control Program—U. S. Public Health Service

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-528
Author(s):  
Charles J. A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cancer Control Program

ON JANUARY 1, 1967, the Cancer Control Program will become part of the National Center for Chronic Disease Control within the Public Health Service's new Bureau of Disease Prevention and Environmental Control. Our primary mission is to stimulate and encourage the application of currently available techniques of cancer prevention, cancer detection, and cancer control to the community at the grass roots level. If this will be the case after the reorganization remains to be seen. Figure 1 shows the new organization of the Public Health Service. By way of illustration, I think it would be well to briefly outline a few of our activities. An area of heavy emphasis has been the use of the Papanicolaou smears for cervical cancer control. These programs have been responsible for developing certified cytotechnology training schools, supporting and training large numbers of cytotechnicians. In addition, we are supporting some 90 hospital-based cervical cancer screening projects across the country. A program to encourage the general practitioner to screen his private patients in the office is jointly sponsored by the American Academy of General Practice and the Cancer Control Program. The very grave problem in the United States of smoking and carcinoma of the lung is the major responsibility of tile National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health, a part of the Division of Chronic Diseases which developed out of the Cancer Control Program. We are engaged in a number of developmental projects, such as the flexible fiber optic proctosigmoidoscope. We hope to be able to produce a proctosigmoidoscope that will reach the splenic flexure.

Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Control Program Enrollees Inform the Kin Keeper Curriculum

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Patricia Williams ◽  
Athur Mabiso ◽  
Tedra Jackson ◽  
Dorothy Lawshe ◽  
Joel Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cancer Control Program

scholarly journals The Evolution of Cervical Cancer Control Program in Malaysia: Trials and Tribulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 148s-148s
Author(s):  
Z. Said
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Laboratory Errors ◽  
Cancer Control Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Background and context: Cervical cancer remains a major burden to many countries worldwide particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries. It continues to have a huge impact on women not only physically but also socially and sexually. However, the good news, because of its slow progression and cytologic identifiable precursors and provided it is detected early and managed effectively, it is herald as one of the preventable and treatable forms of cancer. Despite the decades of awareness campaigns and progress in technology, the coverage and uptake remains low, more so among the younger and high risk women. Sadly too of those diagnosed, more than 76% were at stage II and above when intensive and invasive treatment will be required. Conventional Papanicolaou test is the only primary screening tool available since 1969 and it is considered the most successful cancer screening program to date. Nevertheless, cytology has its limitations especially technical limitations regarding sampling and laboratory errors in screening and interpretation. Noticing the laggardness of a single approach, Malaysia doubles up her strategy by introducing primary prevention using the HPV immunization to hasten reduction of cervical cancer. While Pap smear remain as a strategy, improving the quality of the laboratory services is paramount to ensure effective early detection of precancerous lesion. In 2015 the Ministry of Health introduced the liquid-based cytology in a phased implementation starting with Kelantan, Johor, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor gradually the whole country. Does HPV DNA testing be available soon to further enhance diagnosis? The topic has a fair share of several rounds of discussions. Aim: To share the latest challenge, gap, strategy and the way forward for the transformation of the cervical cancer prevention and control program comprehensively taking into consideration of HPV DNA test as a screening tool. Strategy/Tactics: The milestone of the Papanicolaou test program was analyzed to see the gap and the options of the improvement. The performances of Papanicolaou test services were analyzed through the annual data and report of Papanicolaou test services from all the states. Later, we also map the analysis with the latest incidence of cervical cancer in Malaysia to see the impact of the program. Program/Policy process: The planning process involved several discussions at ministry level, series of workshop to develop the important documents for the implementation, being collaborative partner in organizing HPV workshop and effective discussions with VCS, Australia. Outcomes: Mandate of the way forward of comprehensive strategy for cervical cancer control program being approved. What was learned: Malaysia is optimistic that cervical cancer reduction program remain a high-profile agenda in the country and therefore we are ready for the change to give a better impact of the program.

scholarly journals Viva Mulher: constructing a cervical cancer control program in Brazil

Dynamis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Porto ◽  
Paula Arantes Botelho Briglia Habib
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cancer Control Program

scholarly journals Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Physical Activity in Women with Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in a Cervical Cancer Control Program in the Brazilian Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Rassy Carneiro ◽  
Abner Ariel da Silva Lima ◽  
Gleyce de Fátima Silva Santos ◽  
Cláudia Simone Baltazar de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Cláudia Valente Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Control Program

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is recognized as the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world, and there is a consensus on its role in the etiology of preneoplastic epithelial changes in the cervix. Through the process of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress is found in the course of premalignant and malignant changes. Moreover, the level of physical activity can exert an influence on markers of oxidative stress, lowering the serum levels of these markers. Objective. To determine the relationship between levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the level of physical activity in women with squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) of the cervix. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 46 women participating in a cervical cancer control program. The women had been submitted to the cytopathological exam and were divided into two groups: 18 with SIL and 28 controls. MDA concentrations were determined, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was administered on the same day as the gynecological appointment (prior to the Papanicolaou test). Results. The SIL group had higher MDA levels than the control group (mean: 47.63±9.57 vs. 9.32±4.79, respectively) and a lower IPAQ score (median: 713.5 vs. 1875, respectively). A weak correlation was found between the MDA level and IPAQ score (r2=−0.34, p=0.018). Conclusion. The women with SIL had higher levels of oxidative stress and were less physically active than the women in the control group. These findings suggest that physical exercise exerts an influence on markers of oxidative stress in the development of intraepithelial squamous lesions.

Critical factors influencing the establishment, maintenance and sustainability of population-based cancer control programs

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J Trapido ◽  
Josep Maria Borras ◽  
Robert Burton ◽  
Massoud Samiei ◽  
Mark Elwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Cancer Control Program ◽  
Multiple Constituencies

Developing and maintaining a comprehensive cancer control program are two distinct entities. Key issues related to building and sustaining cancer control programs include how to integrate initiatives and efforts across multiple constituencies addressing components of the implementation of cancer control and non-communicable disease programs, the processes used in different resource settings to achieve effective drug budgeting, health technology assessment and health economics, and how countries can support public and societal engagement. There are promising examples in both resource-rich and resource-challenged countries of constituencies that have developed programs which can contribute to comprehensive cancer control. Some take advantage of newer technology and information services, while others are more people and patient focused. Critical issues and factors for establishing and maintaining population-based comprehensive cancer control programs are identified and reviewed.

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