Prevalence of Sepsis and Possible Severe Bacterial Infection among Neonates in Nepal

Nepal lacks adequate data on the prevalence of sepsis and Possible Severe Bacterial Infection (PSBI) among neonates. Thus, this systematic review was designed to estimate the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and PSBI status in Nepal. We searched PubMed and Nepal Journal Online for relevant studies on PSBI and neonatal sepsis published from 2006 to 2016. The eligibility criteria included those studies done in Nepal, evaluating the prevalence of PSBI/neonatal sepsis with denominators as the population at risk that is either total live births or total cases evaluated. Altogether, four studies met the review criteria, out of which three were hospital-based and one community-based. There is a vast difference in prevalence rate between hospital-based (2-4%) and community-based (9%) studies. Two studies used haematological scoring system and blood culture to base their diagnosis; one used signs and symptoms for PSBI while the other did not mention the diagnostic criteria. This systematic review suggests that though neonatal sepsis poses a big problem, it lacks a significant number of related studies. There is a need to conduct a nationwide survey on the prevalence of sepsis and PSBI among neonates, which will help to develop health policy.

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Latin American interventions in children and adolescents’ sedentary behavior: a systematic review

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001977 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Evelyn Helena Corgosinho Ribeiro ◽

Paulo Henrique Guerra ◽

Ana Carolina De Oliveira ◽

Kelly Samara da Silva ◽

Priscila Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Latin American ◽

Screen Time ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

American Children

OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate the effects of community-based interventions on the sedentary behavior (SB) of Latin American children and adolescents. METHODS: A systematic review on community-based trials to reduce and/or control SB in Latin American countries (Prospero: CRD42017072157). Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and Lilacs) and a reference lists were searched. RESULTS: Ten intervention studies met the eligibility criteria and composed the descriptive synthesis. These studies were conducted in Brazil (n=5), Mexico (n=3), Ecuador (n=1) and Colombia (n=1). Most interventions were implemented in schools (n=8) by educational components, such as meetings, lessons, and seminars, on health-related subjects (n=6). Only two studies adopted specific strategies to reduce/control SB; others focused on increasing physical activity and/or improving diet. Only one study used an accelerometer to measure SB. Seven studies investigated recreational screen time. Eight studies showed statistically significant effects on SB reduction (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Latin America community-based interventions reduced children and adolescents’ SB. Further studies should: define SB as a primary outcome and implement strategies to reduce such behaviour; focus in different SBs and settings, other than recreational screen time or at-home sitting time; and use objective tools together with questionnaires to measure sedentary behaviour in.

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Regenerative Endodontic Procedures, Disinfectants and Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Primary Dental Journal ◽

10.1177/2050168420963302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 65-84

Author(s):

Adam S. Kharchi ◽

Nara Tagiyeva-Milne ◽

Shalini Kanagasingam

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Randomised Control Trial ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

High Quality Research ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Secondary Outcomes

Aims: This systematic review aims to identify and synthesise available evidence to determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes of REP involving any disinfection irrigant together with a non-antibiotic intracanal medicament. Methods: Experimental and observational studies evaluating the outcomes of REP in immature non-vital permanent teeth in 6-16 year olds, where the protocol used any type of disinfectant irrigant together with a non-antibiotic intracanal medicament (non-setting calcium hydroxide) were included. Data was narratively synthesised and presented in respect to the primary outcome (elimination of symptoms and infection) and secondary outcomes (increase in root length/width; positive response to vitality testing; patient-reported outcomes; adverse effects). Main findings: 1628 studies were identified, of which five met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Studies included one randomised control trial and four observational studies. All five studies showed an absence of clinical signs and symptoms for all teeth postoperatively with radiographic resolution or absence of pathology following the disinfection stages of the REP used. Choice of secondary outcomes were inconsistent but included further root development, coronal discolouration and root canal calcifications postoperatively. There was a high risk of bias in all five studies and subsequently the quality of the evidence base was judged to be low. Principle conclusions: REP using a non-antibiotic disinfectant approach appears capable of providing satisfactory outcomes for a non-vital immature permanent tooth. Further high-quality research is required before solid recommendations towards clinical practice guidelines for the disinfection portion of REP can be implemented.

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Risk of gentamicin toxicity in neonates treated for possible severe bacterial infection in low- and middle-income countries: Systematic Review

Tropical Medicine & International Health ◽

10.1111/tmi.12608 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1593-1606 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Grace M. Musiime ◽

Anna C. Seale ◽

Sarah G. Moxon ◽

Joy E. Lawn

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Middle Income ◽

Severe Bacterial Infection ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Implementation Models of Compassionate Communities and Compassionate Cities at the End of Life: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6271

Author(s):

Silvia Librada-Flores ◽

María Nabal-Vicuña ◽

Diana Forero-Vega ◽

Ingrid Muñoz-Mayorga ◽

María Dolores Guerra-Martín

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

End Of Life ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Study Data ◽

Registration Form ◽

Community Based ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Development Models ◽

Implementation Methodology ◽

Implementation Models

In the last decade, we have seen a growth of Compassionate Communities and Cities (CCC) at the end of life. There has been an evolution of organizations that help construct Community-Based Palliative Care programs. The objective is to analyze the implementation, methodology and effectiveness of the CCC models at the end of life. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA ScR Guideline. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017068501). Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Google Scholar) were searched for studies (from 2000 to 2018) using set eligibility criteria. Three reviewers screened full-texts articles and extracted study data. Outcomes were filled in a registration form which included a narrative synthesis of each article. We screened 1975 records. We retrieved 112 articles and included 31 articles for the final analysis: 17 descriptive studies, 4 interventions studies, 4 reviews and 6 qualitative studies. A total of 11 studies regard the development models of CCC at the end of life, 15 studies were about evaluation of compassionate communities’ programs and 5 studies were about protocols for the development of CCC programs. There is poor evidence of the implementation and evaluation models of CCC at the end of life. There is little and low-/very low-quality evidence about CCC development and assessment models. We found no data published on care intervention in advance disease and end of life. A global model for the development and evaluation of CCC at the end of life seems to be necessary.

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Estimates of possible severe bacterial infection in neonates in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and Latin America for 2012: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70804-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 731-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

Anna C Seale ◽

Hannah Blencowe ◽

Alexander A Manu ◽

Harish Nair ◽

Rajiv Bahl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Latin America ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

South Asia ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Severe Bacterial Infection ◽

Sub Saharan

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Sputum colour as a marker for bacteria in acute exacerbations of COPD: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01767-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ruan Spies ◽

Matthew Potter ◽

Ruan Hollamby ◽

Stefan van der Walt ◽

Ameer Hohlfeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Regression Model ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Acute Exacerbations

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of years of life lost globally. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) drive disease progression, reduce quality of life and are a source of mortality in COPD. Approximately 50% of AECOPD are due to bacterial infections. Diagnosing bacterial infection as the aetiology of AECOPD however remains challenging as investigations are limited by practicality, accuracy and expense. Clinicians have traditionally used sputum colour as a marker of bacterial infection in AECOPD, despite the lack of high-quality evidence for this practice. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sputum colour in the diagnosis of bacterial causes of AECOPD. Methods Articles will be searched for in electronic databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar Scopus, Web of Science, Africa-Wide, CINAHL and Health Source Nursing Academy) and we will conduct a review of citation indexes and the grey literature. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection, against pre-defined eligibility criteria, data extraction and quality assessment of included articles using the QUADAS-2 tool. We will perform a meta‐analysis using a bivariate logistic regression model with random effects. We will explore heterogeneity through the visual examination of the forest plots of sensitivities and specificities and through the inclusion of possible sources of heterogeneity as covariates in a meta-regression model if sufficient studies are included in the analysis. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to explore the effect of study quality on our findings. The results of this review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement and will be submitted for peer-review and publication. Discussion The findings of this review will assist clinicians in diagnosing the aetiology of AECOPD and may have important implications for decision making in resource-limited settings, as well as for antimicrobial stewardship. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019141498

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Sputum Colour as a Marker for Bacteria in Acute Exacerbations of COPD: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-148329/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruan Spies ◽

Matthew Wade Potter ◽

Ruan Hollamby ◽

Stefan van der Walt ◽

Ameer Hohlfeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Regression Model ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Acute Exacerbations

Abstract BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of years of life lost globally. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) drive disease progression, reduce quality of life and are a source of mortality in COPD. Approximately 50% of AECOPD are due to bacterial infections. Diagnosing bacterial infection as the aetiology of AECOPD however remains challenging as investigations are limited by practicality, accuracy and expense. Clinicians have traditionally used sputum colour as a marker of bacterial infection in AECOPD, despite the lack of high-quality evidence for this practice. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sputum colour in the diagnosis of bacterial causes of AECOPD. MethodsArticles will be searched for in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa-Wide, CINAHL and Health Source Nursing Academy) and we will conduct a review of citation indexes and the grey literature. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection, against pre-defined eligibility criteria, data extraction and quality assessment of included articles using the QUADAS-2 tool. We will perform a meta‐analysis using a bivariate logistic regression model with random effects. We will explore heterogeneity through the visual examination of the forest plots of sensitivities and specificities and through the inclusion of possible sources of heterogeneity as covariates in a meta-regression model if sufficient studies are included in the analysis. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to explore the effect of study quality on our findings. The results of this review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement and will be submitted for peer-review and publication.DiscussionThe findings of this review will assist clinicians in diagnosing the aetiology of AECOPD and may have important implications for decision making in resource-limited settings, as well as for antimicrobial stewardship.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019141498

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Feasibility and efficacy of gentamicin for treating neonatal sepsis in community-based settings: a systematic review

World Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s12519-016-0005-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 408-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nishant Jaiswal ◽

Meenu Singh ◽

Ritika Kondel ◽

Navjot Kaur ◽

Kiran K. Thumburu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Community Based

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Headache outcomes after surgery for pineal cyst without hydrocephalus: A systematic review

Surgical Neurology International ◽

10.25259/sni_541_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 384

Author(s):

Camille K. Milton ◽

Panayiotis E. Pelargos ◽

Ian F. Dunn

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Mass Effect ◽

High Rate ◽

Pineal Cyst ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Meta Analyses

Background: Pineal cysts are common entities, with a reported prevalence between 10 and 54%. Management of pineal cysts has historically been expectant, with surgical treatment of these lesions usually reserved for patients with a symptomatic presentation secondary to mass effect. The appropriate management of pineal cysts in patients presenting with headache in the absence of hydrocephalus – often the most common clinical scenario – has been more ambiguous. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive systematic review of headache outcomes for surgically treated, non-hydrocephalic pineal cyst patients without signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to construct a systematic review. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted from through June 2020. Relevant English-language articles were identified using the search terms “pineal cyst” and “headache.” The following eligibility criteria were applied: the inclusion of at least one surgically-treated, non-hydrocephalic pineal cyst patient presenting with headache in the absence of hemorrhage or signs and symptoms of increased ICP. Patient demographics and post-operative headache outcomes for the included studies were extracted and summarized. Results: A total of 24 pineal cyst cases meeting our selection criteria were identified across 11 included studies. Postoperative improvement or resolution of headaches was reported for 23/24 patients. Our systematic review of the literature demonstrates that non-hydrocephalic patients with pineal cysts have a high rate of headache improvement following surgical intervention. Conclusion: The results indicate a need for further investigation of the link between headache and pineal cysts in the non-hydrocephalic patient.

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