scholarly journals Implementation Models of Compassionate Communities and Compassionate Cities at the End of Life: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6271
Author(s):  
Silvia Librada-Flores ◽  
María Nabal-Vicuña ◽  
Diana Forero-Vega ◽  
Ingrid Muñoz-Mayorga ◽  
María Dolores Guerra-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Registration Form ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Implementation Methodology ◽  
Implementation Models

In the last decade, we have seen a growth of Compassionate Communities and Cities (CCC) at the end of life. There has been an evolution of organizations that help construct Community-Based Palliative Care programs. The objective is to analyze the implementation, methodology and effectiveness of the CCC models at the end of life. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA ScR Guideline. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017068501). Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Google Scholar) were searched for studies (from 2000 to 2018) using set eligibility criteria. Three reviewers screened full-texts articles and extracted study data. Outcomes were filled in a registration form which included a narrative synthesis of each article. We screened 1975 records. We retrieved 112 articles and included 31 articles for the final analysis: 17 descriptive studies, 4 interventions studies, 4 reviews and 6 qualitative studies. A total of 11 studies regard the development models of CCC at the end of life, 15 studies were about evaluation of compassionate communities’ programs and 5 studies were about protocols for the development of CCC programs. There is poor evidence of the implementation and evaluation models of CCC at the end of life. There is little and low-/very low-quality evidence about CCC development and assessment models. We found no data published on care intervention in advance disease and end of life. A global model for the development and evaluation of CCC at the end of life seems to be necessary.

scholarly journals Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Meernik ◽  
Hannah M Baker ◽  
Sarah D Kowitt ◽  
Leah M Ranney ◽  
Adam O Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Product Appeal ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesGiven the exponential increase in the use of e-cigarettes among younger age groups and in the growth in research on e-cigarette flavours, we conducted a systematic review examining the impact of non-menthol flavoured e-cigarettes on e-cigarette perceptions and use among youth and adults.DesignPubMed, Embase, PyscINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published and indexed through March 2018.Eligibility criteriaQuantitative observational and experimental studies that assessed the effect of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use behaviours were included. Specific outcome measures assessed are appeal, reasons for use, risk perceptions, susceptibility, intention to try, initiation, preference, current use, quit intentions and cessation.Data extraction and synthesisThree authors independently extracted data related to the impact of flavours in tobacco products. Data from a previous review were then combined with those from the updated review for final analysis. Results were then grouped and analysed by outcome measure.ResultsThe review included 51 articles for synthesis, including 17 published up to 2016 and an additional 34 published between 2016 and 2018. Results indicate that non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes decrease harm perceptions (five studies) and increase willingness to try and initiation of e-cigarettes (six studies). Among adults, e-cigarette flavours increase product appeal (seven studies) and are a primary reason many adults use the product (five studies). The role of flavoured e-cigarettes on smoking cessation remains unclear (six studies).ConclusionThis review provides summary data on the role of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarette perceptions and use. Consistent evidence shows that flavours attract both youth and adults to use e-cigarettes. Given the clear findings that such flavours increase product appeal, willingness to try and initiation among youth, banning non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes may reduce youth e-cigarette use. Longitudinal research is needed to examine any role flavours may play in quit behaviours among adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sepsis and Possible Severe Bacterial Infection among Neonates in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gambhir Shrestha ◽  
Rashmi Mulmi ◽  
Nibaran Joshi ◽  
Parashu Ram Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Severe Bacterial Infection ◽  
Review Criteria ◽  
Adequate Data

Nepal lacks adequate data on the prevalence of sepsis and Possible Severe Bacterial Infection (PSBI) among neonates. Thus, this systematic review was designed to estimate the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and PSBI status in Nepal. We searched PubMed and Nepal Journal Online for relevant studies on PSBI and neonatal sepsis published from 2006 to 2016. The eligibility criteria included those studies done in Nepal, evaluating the prevalence of PSBI/neonatal sepsis with denominators as the population at risk that is either total live births or total cases evaluated. Altogether, four studies met the review criteria, out of which three were hospital-based and one community-based. There is a vast difference in prevalence rate between hospital-based (2-4%) and community-based (9%) studies. Two studies used haematological scoring system and blood culture to base their diagnosis; one used signs and symptoms for PSBI while the other did not mention the diagnostic criteria. This systematic review suggests that though neonatal sepsis poses a big problem, it lacks a significant number of related studies. There is a need to conduct a nationwide survey on the prevalence of sepsis and PSBI among neonates, which will help to develop health policy.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Epidemiology of the Muscular Dystrophies

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean K. Mah ◽  
Lawrence Korngut ◽  
Kirsten M. Fiest ◽  
Jonathan Dykeman ◽  
Lundy J. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Case Ascertainment ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

AbstractBackground: The muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic muscle diseases with variable distribution of weakness and mode of inheritance.Methods: We previously performed a systematic review of worldwide population-based studies on Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies; the current study focused on the epidemiology of other muscular dystrophies using Medline and EMBASE databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed all abstracts, full-text articles, and abstracted data from 1985 to 2011. Pooling of prevalence estimates was performed using random-effect models.Results: A total of 1104 abstracts and 167 full-text articles were reviewed. Thirty-one studies met all eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of combined muscular dystrophies was 16.14 (confidence interval [CI], 11.21-23.23) per 100,000. The prevalence estimates per 100,000 were 8.26 (CI, 4.99-13.68) for myotonic dystrophy, 3.95 (CI, 2.89-5.40) for facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, 1.63 (CI, 0.94-2.81) for limb girdle muscular dystrophy, and 0.99 (CI, 0.62-1.57) for congenital muscular dystrophies.Conclusions: The studies differed widely in their approaches to case ascertainment, and substantial gaps remain in the global estimates of many other types of muscular dystrophies. Additional epidemiological studies using standardized diagnostic criteria as well as multiple sources of case ascertainment will help address the economic impact and health care burden of muscular dystrophies worldwide.

scholarly journals Communicating with patients and families about difficult matters: A rapid review in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Ekberg ◽  
Ruth Parry ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Katie Ekberg ◽  
Marco Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Previous Systematic Review ◽  
The Future ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Illness Progression

BackgroundPandemics pose significant challenges for healthcare systems, including an increase in difficult discussions about future illness progression and end of life.ObjectivesTo synthesise existing evidence about communication practices used to discuss difficult matters, including prognosis and end of life, and to use this evidence to make recommendations for clinical practice. The aim of this study was to use rapid review methods to update findings from a previous systematic review published in 2014.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, Scopus, ASSIA and Amed.Study eligibility criteriaStudies using conversation analysis or discourse analysis to examine recordings of actual conversations about difficult matters relating to future illness progression and end of life.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsData appraisal and extraction procedures used in the 2014 review were modified for this rapid review.ResultsFollowing screening, 18 sources were deemed to meet eligibility criteria, which were added to the 19 sources included in the 2014 systematic review. Synthesis of study findings identified 11 communication practices: providing opportunities for patient or family members to propose matters to discuss (7 out of 37 included sources); seeking a patient or family member’s perspective (6/37); discussing the future indirectly (11/37); discussing the future explicitly (7/37) linking to something previously said or done (11/37); using hypothetical scenarios (13/37); framing a difficult matter as universal (5/37); acknowledging uncertainty (3/37); exploring options (2/37); displaying sensitivity (7/37); emphasising the positive (7/37).LimitationsDividing work amongst the study authors to enable rapid review may have created inconsistencies.Conclusions and implications of key findingsThis synthesis of high-quality evidence from actual clinical practice supports a series of recommendations for communicating about difficult matters during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Latin American interventions in children and adolescents’ sedentary behavior: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Evelyn Helena Corgosinho Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Henrique Guerra ◽  
Ana Carolina De Oliveira ◽  
Kelly Samara da Silva ◽  
Priscila Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
American Children

OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate the effects of community-based interventions on the sedentary behavior (SB) of Latin American children and adolescents. METHODS: A systematic review on community-based trials to reduce and/or control SB in Latin American countries (Prospero: CRD42017072157). Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and Lilacs) and a reference lists were searched. RESULTS: Ten intervention studies met the eligibility criteria and composed the descriptive synthesis. These studies were conducted in Brazil (n=5), Mexico (n=3), Ecuador (n=1) and Colombia (n=1). Most interventions were implemented in schools (n=8) by educational components, such as meetings, lessons, and seminars, on health-related subjects (n=6). Only two studies adopted specific strategies to reduce/control SB; others focused on increasing physical activity and/or improving diet. Only one study used an accelerometer to measure SB. Seven studies investigated recreational screen time. Eight studies showed statistically significant effects on SB reduction (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Latin America community-based interventions reduced children and adolescents’ SB. Further studies should: define SB as a primary outcome and implement strategies to reduce such behaviour; focus in different SBs and settings, other than recreational screen time or at-home sitting time; and use objective tools together with questionnaires to measure sedentary behaviour in.

scholarly journals Mortality in patients with diabetes by COVID 19 a systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Ferreira Pôrto ◽  
Vinicius Carlos Iamonti ◽  
Antonio Adolfo Mattos de Castro ◽  
Anselmo Cordeiro de Souza ◽  
José Renato de Oliveira Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus might be associated with severity and death in patients with COVID-19; but its mechanisms are still unknown.Objective: to carry out a systematic review of what has been published so far on mortality in patients with COVID-19 associated with diabetes comorbidity.Methods: A search was carried out in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and EMBASE Classic and Google Scholar databases; up to April 2020 using the search medical subheadings (MeSH) terms : "mortality from Coronavirus", "mortality from COVID-19" and "mortality in patients with diabetes by COVID-19". Enrolled studies were assessed independently by two blinded researchers. Studies quality was assessed using the Jedad scale. The articles score equal or greater than two points were considered highly methodological quality.Results: Initially, 65 articles were found and 46 were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria. Among the 10 remaining, 3 were excluded because had Jedad score lower than two points. Among the remaining seven, two were excluded because they were meta-analysis. Eventually, five articles remained for final analysis. For all, mortality among patients with diabetes was higher than without diabetes. The risk of global mortality among diabetes patients was 8.9 times higher (p<0.0001) than without diabetes The time of diagnosis could be more determining for mortality, meanwhile HB1Ac level was not determiningConclusion: Mortality risk observed by COVID-19 is higher among diabetes patients than healthy age matched peers. This result can be partially explained by hormonal signaling changes, such as blood clotting and abnormal pancreas functioning.

scholarly journals Estimating ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on tropical reef-building corals; a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo ◽  
Olivier Perceval ◽  
Christine Ferrier-Pagès ◽  
Isabelle Domart-Coulon ◽  
Laetitia Hédouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effects ◽  
Tropical Coral ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Tropical Reef

Abstract Background Tropical coral reefs cover only ca. 0.1% of the Earth’s surface but host an outstanding biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. They are currently threatened by global (e.g., climate change) and local (e.g., chemical pollution) stressors that interact in different ways. While global stressors cannot be mitigated by local actions alone, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management. A systematic map on the impacts of chemicals arising from anthropogenic activities on tropical reef-building corals, which are the main engineer species of reef ecosystems, was published in 2021. This systematic map gathered an abundant literature (908 articles corresponding to 7937 studies), and identified four well-represented subtopics, amenable to relevant full syntheses. Here, we focused on one of the four subtopics: we aimed to systematically review the evidence on the ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on tropical reef-building corals. Methods The evidence will be identified from the recent systematic map on the impacts of chemicals arising from anthropogenic activities on tropical reef-building corals. Especially, all studies in the map database corresponding to the knowledge cluster “evidence on the ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on corals” will be selected. To identify the evidence produced since then, a search update will be performed using a subset of the search string used for the systematic map, and titles, abstracts and full-texts will be screened according to the criteria defining the selected cluster of the map. In addition, as the eligibility criteria for the systematic review are narrower than those used to define the cluster in the systematic map, additional screening will be carried out. The included studies will then be critically appraised and a low, medium, or high risk of bias will be assigned to each study. Data will be extracted from studies and synthesised according to a strategy depending on the type of exposure and outcome. Synthesis will be mainly quantitative but also narrative, aiming to identify toxicity thresholds of chemicals for corals.

scholarly journals 507 Quantifying the Limitations of Clinical and Technology-Based Flap Monitoring Strategies Using A Systematic Recurrent Themes Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kwasnicki ◽  
A Noakes ◽  
N Banhidy ◽  
S Hettiaratchy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Free Flap ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Monitoring Techniques ◽  
Free Flap Monitoring ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Senior Clinician ◽  
Flap Monitoring

Abstract Aim Multiple techniques exist to monitor free flap viability postoperatively, varying with practical and personal preference, yet the limitations of each technique remain unquantified. This systematic review aims to identify the most commonly reported limitations of these techniques in clinical practice. Method A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science with search criteria for postoperative free flap monitoring techniques. Search results were independently screened using defined criteria by two authors and a senior clinician. Limitations of the techniques found in the discussion section of eligible papers were recorded and categorised using recurrent theme analysis. Results A total of 4826 records were identified. 4643 articles met the eligibility criteria and were subsequently reviewed, with 195 papers included in the final analysis. The most frequently reported limitations of clinical monitoring were interpretation requiring expertise (25% of related papers), unsuitability for buried flaps (21%), and lack of quantitative/objective values (19%). For non-invasive technologies: lack of quantitative/objective values (21%), cost (16%) and interpretation requiring expertise (13%). For invasive technologies: application requiring expertise (25%), equipment design and malfunction (13%) and cost (13%). Conclusions This is the first systematic review to quantify the limitations of different flap monitoring techniques as reported in the literature. The limitations identified better inform clinicians to decide the best single or combined monitoring approach for their practice and aid development in new flap monitoring technologies.

A Systematic Review of Clinical Interventions Facilitating End-of-Life Communication Between Patients and Family Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Min Young Jung ◽  
Alicia K. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Eol Care

Communication between patients and family caregivers plays a key role in successful end-of-life (EOL) care. In the majority of cases, health-care providers (HCP) are responsible for leading this communication in clinical settings. This systematic review aimed to examine the evidence for the efficacy of HCP-led interventions in enhancing communication between patients and family caregivers. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a search of MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO as well as a manual search for additional articles on Google Scholar without date restrictions. Of 2955 articles retrieved, 8 meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the review. A quality appraisal of the selected studies was performed using the van Tulder Scale, with 5 of 8 studies rated as high quality. All 8 studies employed psychoeducational interventions involving both patients and surrogate/family caregivers. Common elements of the interventions reviewed included encouraging participant dyads to share their concerns about the patient’s medical condition, clarify their goals and values for EOL care, and discuss their EOL care preferences. Of 8 interventions reviewed, 6 measured EOL care preference congruence within dyads as a primary outcome, and all 6 interventions were effective in increasing congruence. Secondary outcomes measured included decisional conflict and relationship quality, with mixed outcomes reported. This review suggests that HCP-led EOL communication interventions show promise for improving EOL care preference congruence. However, further studies with improved methodological rigor are needed to establish the optimal timing, intensity, and duration of interventions.

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