scholarly journals Discriminatory performance of mid-upper arm circumference for identifying thin and severely thin adolescents: a secondary data analysis using Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1033
Author(s):  
Nitika
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Roc Area ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
Discriminatory Performance ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Timely identification of adolescents with undernutrition is of utmost importance, and recently, mid-upper circumference (MUAC) had been considered as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) and BMI for age z-score (BAZ) for its screening. However, little is known about the MUAC cut-offs, specific to age and sex. The study was planned to assess the discriminatory performance of MUAC in identifying thin and severely thin adolescents and estimating age specific MUAC cut-offs, separately for males and females, against BAZ as the gold standard. Methods: The Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), India data was used for this analysis. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC), area under curve (AUC), and Youden Index were used to estimate MUAC cut-off values for thin (BAZ < -2) and severely thin (BAZ < -3) adolescents. The current analysis was done on 31471 adolescents. Results: The MUAC cut-offs for identifying thin adolescents were: for 10-14 years – 19.2/19.4 cm, for 15-19 years – 22.9/21.7 cm for males and females respectively; and for severe thinness were: for 10-14 years – 18.4/18.3 cm, for 15-19 years – 21.9/20.2 cm for males/females. For thinness, the cut-off varied between 17.4-24.5 cm (for 10-19 years) among males, and for females, it varied between 17.5 -20.9 cm (for 10-19 years). For severe thinness, MUAC cut-off ranged between 16.4-23.7 cm (for 10-19 years) among males, and for females, between 17.3-20.7 cm (for 10-19 years). Conclusion: Thus, age- and sex-specific cut-offs could be considered for screening thin and severely thin adolescents.

The Iraqi National Nutrition Survey: Correlation between Various Anthropometric Measurements as Indicators of Severity of Malnutrition

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-320
Author(s):  
Haifa Tawfeek ◽  
Shalan A. Al-Mashikhi ◽  
Amer Salom
Keyword(s):  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

This study is part of a national nutrition survey conducted in Iraq during 1992 and 1993. Anthropometric measurements were obtained in 3,616 children under five years of age. Of those children, 24% were diagnosed as moderately undernourished and 6% as severely undernourished by mid-upper-arm circumference measurements. According to weight-for-height, only 11% were diagnosed as moderately undernourished and 3% as severely undernourished. The discrepancy between the results of these two measurements can be minimized by establishing a new cut-off level for mid-upper-arm circumference for defining malnutrition in our population.

scholarly journals Relationship between Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Low Muscle Mass Index Among Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Jun-Hyuk Lee ◽  
A-Ra Cho ◽  
Yong-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
The Difference

Sarcopenia has attracted interest due to its impact on various health problems. Chronic inflammation is an important contributor to sarcopenia. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is a novel inflammatory marker, and muscle mass. This study included 15,579 adults from the 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Low skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI) was defined as body mass index-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass less than 0.789 for men and 0.512 for women. Multiple logistic regression revealed that the highest ALP tertile was significantly associated with LSMI compared with the lowest ALP tertile in both men [Odds ratio (OR): 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.91] and women (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.00–2.10) after adjusting for other confounders. On the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the predictive power was significantly higher for ALP levels than for white blood cell count in women (p < 0.001), whereas the difference was not significant in men (p = 0.515). Our findings suggest the potential use of serum ALP as an inflammatory marker and a predictor of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Validation of the Portuguese version of Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maurício ◽  
Isabel Rebêlo ◽  
Catarina Madeira ◽  
Filipa Resende ◽  
Susana Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Preoperative Anxiety ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Information Scale ◽  
Oncology Centre

Abstract Background Preoperative anxiety is common among the oncological surgical population. Due to its psychological and physiological detrimental effects, identifying and addressing it is of uttermost importance to improve anesthetic management and patient’s outcomes. The aim of this study is to validate the Portuguese version of Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) in the oncological population. Methods Following forward and backward translation of the original APAIS scale, further adaptation was obtained through cognitive interviewing. The resulting instrument was tested on the day before surgery on a sample of adult cancer surgical patients from a Portuguese oncology centre. Psychometric evaluation was derived from inter-item correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, correlation with comparative scales, receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index. Results 109 patients (58 males, 51 females) were included. A three-dimensional model—anxiety about anesthesia, anxiety about surgery and desire for information, showed the best fit to the data. The questionnaire revealed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.81) and good inter-item correlation. Also, Portuguese APAIS correlated well with the gold standard anxiety scale. Therefore, the psychometric properties of this scale version make it a valid and reliable instrument. The optimal cutoff to maximize both sensitivity and specificity was 12 for the APAIS global anxiety score. Conclusions Portuguese APAIS version is an accurate tool to identify preoperative anxiety among cancer patients and might impact its management, from premedication choice to provision of information and reassurance about either anesthesia or surgery.

Age-Dependent Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Using Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Jahanbin ◽  
Shirin Dokht Shirazi ◽  
Elaheh Kamyabnezhad ◽  
Neda Eslami ◽  
Seyed Hosein Hoseini Zarch
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ossification Process ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: The spheno‐occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is an important growth center which plays an important role in cranial base development and can define the final relation of SOS with the upper and lower jaws. The morphology and fusion degree of SOS varies in different ages among different populations. Objectives: Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the age and sex dependence of ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the Iranian population using CBCT. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 517 CBCT images of 6- to 18-year-old patients in Mashhad, Iran. Patients with obvious pathology or fractures were excluded from the study. The SOS ossification was classified into four stages from 0 to 3. Two independent observers scored the images. The ossification stage of the SOS was classified according to the age and sex of the patients. Kruskal-Wallis and Kendall’s tau-b used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study, 517 samples of 260 females (50.3%) and 257 males (49.7%) with a mean age of 12.03 ± 3.74 years were examined. A significant difference did not exist between males and females regarding their stage of SOS ossification, although males were younger at the SOS transitional stages of 0 to 1, and 1 to 2 compared to females. Also, the SOS starts the ossification process at the age of 11 in females and 10.8 in males. Conclusions: The present study showed in the mean age of 16.81 ± 1.12 years, most subjects were in developmental stage 3. Due to the fact that in developmental stage 3 SOS closes, there were no passive maxillary growth after this time. In none of the SOS stages, females and males differed significantly in mean age (P > 0.05). The age of the onset of SOS closure in females was 11 years and in males it was about 10.8 years.

scholarly journals Laboratory-based surveillance of COVID-19 in the Greater Helsinki area, Finland, February-June 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Jarva ◽  
M Lappalainen ◽  
O Luomala ◽  
P Jokela ◽  
AE Jääskeläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Capacity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractLaboratory registry data (80,791 specimens, 70,517 individuals) was used to characterise age- and sex-specific SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR sampling frequency and positivity rate, and laboratory capacity building in Greater Helsinki, Finland during February-June 2020. While the number of positive cases was similar in males and females, the positivity rate was significantly higher in males. The highest incidence/100,000 was observed in those aged ≥80 years. The proportion of young adults in positive cases increased in late May 2020.

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