On feature-based vocabulary selection mechanisms in late insertion: third person number agreement in the French future tense

We propose that feature bundles derived in syntactic computations activate congruent vocabulary entries inducing feature-based conceptual-structure processes in retrieval. Thus, for the French future tense, an inflectional node baring Number: Plural activates the forms mangera (EAT-FUT.3PS.SG) and mangeront (EAT-FUT.3PS.PL), which compete for insertion following the Subset Principle of Distributed Morphology. Indeed, the affix -a (3PS.SG) encodes Number with no further specification (notated Number: Ø), whereas -ont (3PS.PL) encodes Number: Plural, where Number: Ø is a subset of Number: Plural. This feature structure defines an information scale where plural-marked -ont is stronger. On this scale, informationally weaker -a (3PS.SG) is interpreted as [-Plural] in contrast with -ont via a scalar inference, becoming unsuitable for insertion. Thus, -ont (3PS.PL) is selected when -a (3PS.SG) is eliminated. We present evidence of conceptual-structure processing linked to underspecified morphology. In forced-pace reading and listening tasks, 19 native speaker subjects per task classified picture probes accompanying matching and mismatching subject-verb future tense agreement. Classification times for pictures semantically linked to the verb probed for an interaction between the processing of agreement morphology and the ongoing conceptual processing of the sentence. Classification times were modulated by the type of morphological mismatch. Singular verb form mangera (EAT-FUT.3PS.SG) slowed down picture classifications in plural contexts, whereas plural verb form mangeront (EAT-FUT.3PS.PL) in singular contexts did not. This interaction between purely formal agreement and conceptual-structure processing is unexplained by interface relations, frequency, information load, and phonological cohort activation. It suggests that domain-general principles of inference enrich domain-specific feature-based computations.

Effect of Electroacupuncture On Discomfort During Gastroscopy Without General Anesthetic: A Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Gastroscopy procedures are frequently performed under general anesthetic to minimize discomfort. Patients who refuse a sedative injection may experience more discomfort and adverse reactions such as pain and nausea. These instances reduce patient compliance and willingness to participate in future procedures. Acupuncture has been shown to have an antinausea and analgesic effect, however there is limited data available that demonstrates acupuncture as effective when applied before gastroscopy. Methods: A total of 60 participants will be randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture (EA) group and the sham electroacupuncture (SEA) group at a ratio of 1: 1. Acupuncture treatment will be performed before gastroscopy for a duration of 30 minutes. All patients will complete detailed questionnaires at 30 minutes and 7 days post-procedure to record the severity of their symptoms. The primary outcome will be the average of 4 standard visual analogue scales (VAS) scores in the categories of nausea,vomitting, throat discomfort and agitation as reported by the patient. The secondary outcomes will be patient’s anxiety as recorded by the 6 Item Short Form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S6) and Amsterdam Pre-Operative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), preference in a future endoscopy, oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Anxiety scales will be assessed before and after acupuncture, others will be complete at 30 minutes and 7 days post-procedure.Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will explore the feasibility of the further clinical application of electroacupuncture for the improvement of patient discomfort during gastroscopy without systemic sedation.Trial registration: This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2020SHL-KY-11) and is registered with ChiCTR2000040726.

Gambaran Kecemasan Praoperasi pada Pasien yang akan Menjalani Operasi Elektif di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Background: Most patients who will undergo surgery, experience preoperative anxiety. This can affect the patient's condition in various perioperative phases. Even so, preoperative anxiety has not been systematically managed also the information about preoperative anxiety. Objective: This study aims to determine the description of anxiety in patients who will undergo elective surgery at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil padang. Methode: The design of this research is descriptive with cross sectional study. The number of samples in this study were 54 patients who would undergo elective surgery, and were taken using consecutive sampling techniques. Data were collected using The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) questionnaire. Results: We found 44,4% of patients experienced preoperative anxiety according to the results of the APAIS. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study concluded that the majority of patients did not experience preoperative anxiety, both based on the results obtained from the APAIS questionnaire. However, it is hoped that a systematic evaluation and good management of this preoperative anxiety, as part of improving the quality of patient care, especially in the perioperative phase.

Validation of the Portuguese version of Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)

Background Preoperative anxiety is common among the oncological surgical population. Due to its psychological and physiological detrimental effects, identifying and addressing it is of uttermost importance to improve anesthetic management and patient’s outcomes. The aim of this study is to validate the Portuguese version of Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) in the oncological population. Methods Following forward and backward translation of the original APAIS scale, further adaptation was obtained through cognitive interviewing. The resulting instrument was tested on the day before surgery on a sample of adult cancer surgical patients from a Portuguese oncology centre. Psychometric evaluation was derived from inter-item correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, correlation with comparative scales, receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index. Results 109 patients (58 males, 51 females) were included. A three-dimensional model—anxiety about anesthesia, anxiety about surgery and desire for information, showed the best fit to the data. The questionnaire revealed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.81) and good inter-item correlation. Also, Portuguese APAIS correlated well with the gold standard anxiety scale. Therefore, the psychometric properties of this scale version make it a valid and reliable instrument. The optimal cutoff to maximize both sensitivity and specificity was 12 for the APAIS global anxiety score. Conclusions Portuguese APAIS version is an accurate tool to identify preoperative anxiety among cancer patients and might impact its management, from premedication choice to provision of information and reassurance about either anesthesia or surgery.

Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Level in Pre Operative Cataract Patient at Balung Hospital Jember

Cataract causes lowering visibility and becomes the main risk factor of blindness that can be healed by performing surgery. The surgery may cause anxiety which is affected by self efficacy. Thus, the self efficacy boost the human’s confidence in making decision, reducing stress, as well as lowering the depression risk. The objective of this research is to analyze the correlation between self efficacy and the level of anxiety to the pre-cataract operation patients at Balug Regional Hospital. This research comprises 2 variables there are self-efficacy (independent variables) and the level of anxiety (dependent variable) that is observed using descriptive analytical method by using purposive sampling. The data collection method used in this research is perfomed by using Pre Operative Self Efficacy Scale (PSES) to assess self efficacy and The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) to determine the level of anxiety. The analysis of the correlation between self efficacy and the level of anxiety is conducted by using The Spearman Rank Correlation (p=0,05). The result of this research reveals the median score of the self efficacy is 146,00 with the average of 131,48. The percentage of self efficacy reveals as many as 53 respondents (84,1%) show good self efficacy as opposed to 10 respondents (15,9%) who show poor self efficacy. The percentage of the repondents’ level of anxiety reveals as many as 39 respondents (61,9%) show mild level of anxiety. The result of this research also reveals the correlation between self efficacy and the level of anxiety of the pre-cataract operation patients (p = 0,001 r = -0,691) with negative direction. This means that the higher self efficacy, the lower level of anxiety is. Conclusion: Self efficacy plays important roles in controlling anxiety. Any individuals with high confidence may control what happens, thus allowing low level of anxiety to appear, respectively.

Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Pasien Pre Operasi Sectio Caesarea dengan Terapi Murotal dan Edukasi Pre Operasi

Tindakan operasi sectio caesareadilakukan untuk mencegah kematian janin dan ibu karena adanya suatu komplikasi yang akan terjadi kemudian bila persalinan dilakukan secara pervaginam, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kecemasan pada pasien yang dapat menghambat proses penyembuhan post operasi. Berbagai macam cara dilakukan untuk mengatasi kecemasan pre operasi, diantaranya adalah terapi Murotal dan edukasi pre operasi.studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penurunan tingkat kecemasan pada pasien sectio caesareadengan penerapan terapi murotal dan edukasi pre operasi. Studi kasus ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan proses asuhan keperawatan. Subjek studi kasus ini adalah pasien primigravida tanpa komplikasi penyakit yang akan dilakukan sectio caesarea. Subjek studi kasus berjumlah 3 orang yang didapatkan secara random. Subjek studi kasus telah menandatangani informed consent sebelum dilakukan pengambilan data. Pengukuran kecemasan dilakukan dengan menggunakanThe Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan terapi murotal dan edukasi prosedur operasi pada ketiga pasien selama 30 menit. Hasil studi kasus menunjukkan ada penurunan kecemasan secara signifikan dari ketiga kasus dengan nilai rerata 8.33. Terapi murotal dan edukasi pre operasi terbukti efektif menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien preoperasi sectio caesarea

Preoperative Anxiety Assessment in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Introduction Anxiety is the subjective unpleasant feeling of dread over something unlikely to happen. The incidence of preoperative anxiety ranges from 32% to 76.7%. We aimed to measure the preoperative anxiety level using Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale questionnaire and clinical rating scale given by attending anesthesiologist / anesthesia residents. MethodsIt was cross-sectional observational study conducted in wards. We enrolled 110 adult patients planned for elective gynecological and gastrointestinal surgeries. After taking informed written consent, principal investigator interviewed the patient, one day prior to surgery in wards using a structured questionnaire of Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale. Demographics characters were recorded. The attending anesthesia residents (blinded to patient response) performed preanesthetic assessment, provided their subjective rating about patient anxiety and need for information using Clinical Rating Scale. ResultsOut of 110 patient, 57(51.81%) were found to have higher anxiety level. Comparing the APAIS score with various factors, we found younger age, female gender, unemployed status, higher level of education, adverse events in previous surgery and higher grade of surgery was associated with higher anxiety score. Comparing APAIS with Clinical Rating Score, there was poor correlation. ConclusionThe incidence of preoperative anxiety is high (51.81%) in adult patients undergoing elective surgery. During the preoperative anesthetic checkup, APAIS can be used as a screening tool. It provides relevant information on the presence of preoperative anxiety and need for information, which helps to achieve patient satisfaction and better outcome.

THE EFFECT OF DHIKR THERAPY ON ANXIETY IN PREOPERATIVE PATIENTS AT SURGICAL ROOM IN PEMANGKAT GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2020

Perioperative is a surgical process that begins pre surgery (surgery), surgery (intraoperative), and postoperative (postoperative). While undergoing a preoperative course the patient will experience anxiety. One way to reduce anxiety levels by giving the dhikr therapy has a relaxing effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dhikr therapy on the level of anxiety inpreoperative patients in the surgical ward of the general regional Pemangkat hospital in 2019. This research used quantitative research with the pre experiment method, and pre and post test without control group approach. The method of selecting samples in this study uses Non Probability Sampling with Conseutive Sampling techniques. The sampling technique using one questionnaire, namely the APAIS (Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale) questionnaire, which was conducted 2 times, namely 1 pre and 1 post. The number of samples in this study were 33 respondents from preoperative patients. The data analysis in this study used Paired T test.The results of the study with the effect of dhikr therapy on the anxiety level of preoperative patients were produce a P value of 0.00 with a significance value of 0.05. So the value of P < 0.05 which means that Ha accepted. The conclusion of this study found that the Dhikr therapy have positive effect to reduce the levelof anxiety in preoperative patients in the surgical ward of the general regional Pemangkat hospital in 2019. For the nursing profession, to the hospital for the respondent institutions, for further research. Hopefully this research has been done can be put to good use for the delivery of health services in the future.

Playing to Escape: Examining Escapism in Gamblers and Gamers

This study examines negative and positive escapism in gamblers, gamers, and individuals who gamble and game. University students (N = 387) completed a battery of online questionnaires that included a demographic information scale, measures of the frequency and type of activity (i.e., gambling, gaming), and modified escapism scales that assessed both positive and negative escapism. Participants included 134 (34.9%) individuals who both gamble and game, 91 (23.7%) exclusive gamblers, 82 (21.4%) exclusive gamers, and 76 (19.8%) individuals who did not engage in either activity. The majority of the participants were female (74.2%). One-way analyses of variance revealed that both negative and positive escapism scores were significantly higher in gamers than in gamblers. Furthermore, individuals who both gamble and game had higher escapism scores associated with participating in gaming activities rather than gambling activities. This result suggests that individuals who play games have different motives to play than do individuals who gamble. Differences in motivation for game play may help in understanding the distinction between gamblers and gamers. As a practical implication, this distinction could be particularly relevant, given the recent blurring of boundaries between the two industries. Other practical and theoretical implications include the development of modified escapism measures for gamblers, as well as further support for the theoretical conceptualization of escapism as negative or positive.RésuméCette étude porte sur la quête d’évasion, négative ou positive, chez les adeptes des jeux de hasard, des jeux vidéo ou des deux activités à la fois. Des étudiants universitaires (N = 387) ont répondu à une batterie de questionnaires en ligne, qui comportaient une échelle de données démographiques, des mesures de la fréquence et du genre d’activité (à savoir, jeux de hasard ou jeux vidéo) ainsi que des échelles destinées à évaluer le caractère tant positif que négatif du désir d’évasion. Sur ce nombre, 134 (34,9 %) pratiquaient les deux activités; 91 (23,7 %), les jeux de hasard uniquement; 82 (21,4 %), les jeux vidéo seulement; enfin, 76 (19,8 %) ne pratiquaient ni l’une ni l’autre. Une majorité de femmes ont participé à l’étude (74,2 %). L’analyse de la variance à un facteur révèle des résultats sensiblement plus élevés, en ce qui touche les deux types d’évasion, pour les jeux vidéo par rapport aux jeux de hasard. Par ailleurs, les individus qui s’adonnent aux deux activités affichaient, dans la pratique des jeux vidéo, des résultats plus élevés que dans celle des jeux de hasard. Ce constat suggère que les motivations des adeptes de jeux vidéo diffèrent de celles des adeptes de jeux de hasard. Les différences relevées pourraient nous aider à comprendre ce qui distingue les deux types de joueurs. Compte tenu du brouillage récent des frontières entre les deux secteurs, cette observation pourrait s’avérer des plus pertinente. D’autres implications de nature pratique et théorique peuvent en découler, notamment la conception d’une échelle de mesure modifiée de la quête d’évasion s’appliquant aux adeptes des jeux de hasard, ainsi que des connaissances utiles à la conceptualisation théorique de l’évasion en tant que phénomène pouvant être négatif ou positif.