scholarly journals Water quality assessment along the segments of Bagmati River in Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Binod Baniya ◽  
Nitesh Khadka ◽  
Shravan Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Hom Baniya ◽  
Shankar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Bagmati River ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Identification of pollution in the river helps to know the state of the river ecosystem. The study aimed to assess the water quality of the Bagmati River by analyzing the physical and chemical condition and comparing it with national and international standards. The water samples were taken from 10 different sampling sites along the length of the Bagmati River inside Kathmandu Valley, i.e., from Sundarijal to Saibubhanjyang. A total of 30 physical and chemical parameters were examined. The results showed that the pH ranges from 6.0 to 7.5 in different sampling locations. The highest dissolved oxygen (DO) (8.5 mg/L) was found at the upstream while the lowest, i.e., 3.4 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L, was found at the urban core of the valley, i.e., Teku and Thapathali, respectively. The BOD, COD, oil, and grease considerably exceeded the WHO and national generic effluent standard. Most of the heavy metals in the river water were below the range of standard. The concentrations of all pesticides were found below 10 µg/L except heptachlor exoepoxide. The highest concentration of heptachlor exoepoxide (75 µg/L) was found at Balkhu, followed by Thapathali (69 µg/L) and Teku (62 µg/L). The result showed that the middle-urbanized segment, i.e., from Gokarna to Teku, is heavily polluted than the upstream and downstream segments of the river. The results are of great significance for policy formulation and implementation of the ecosystem restoration project of Bagmati River in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of the Central Himalayan Lake, Nainital

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuben Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Central Himalayas ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Sediment Basin

The Nainital Lake, situated in the central Himalayas of India, is an important water body and a major tourist spot. This study aims to identify factors or processes that determine the water quality of the lake. For this purpose, water samples from two different points were collected—highly polluted (Mallital) and least polluted (Tallital)—to represent the actual level of pollution in the lake in four different seasons (January, April, July, and October). The collected samples were analyzed for different physical and chemical parameters. In order to assess the state of the lake’s water quality, the samples were compared with the standard water quality values. Turbidity, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, and heavy metal (lead, iron, and copper) concentration were found to be above the desirable limit of the prescribed national and international standards in all four seasons at both Mallital and Tallital. Reasons affecting the water quality were found to be natural (thermal stratification and lead-bearing rocks) and anthropogenic (domestic sewage, runoff, and illegal construction activities in the vicinity of lake). Various lake restoration alternatives/interventions have been suggested that can lead to an improvement in the lake’s water quality, such as afforestation, phytoremediation, and sediment basin.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Water Analysis of Bagmati and Bishnumati River

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Chaturwedi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Bagmati River

 Water pollution, one of the serious environmental issues of the world, results from contaminants being introduced into the natural environment. This study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory, DAV College, Dhobighat, Lalitpur, Nepal from January to May 2018 with aims to assess the physicochemical and microbiological status of river water of Kathmandu valley. All together 60 water samples were collected, 20 water samples each from different places of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction (Teku Dovan). The physicochemical parameters including pH, ammonia and iron, hardness and alkalinity were analyzed by standard methods and the microbiological parameters such as total mesophilic count and total coliform count were analyzed by pour plate technique. Among all 60 water samples tested, the temperature (12.8°C), BOD value (3.11 mg/l), iron value (0.87 mg/l) and turbidity (102.2NTU) were found to be highest in Bagmati river water samples whereas the value of TSS (755.2 mg/l), TDS (748.4 mg/l), copper (0.01 mg/l) and COD (911.5 PPM) were found to be highest in water of Bishnumati river. The heavy meals Manganese (0.29 mg/l) and Nickel (0.01 mg/l) were detected only in Bishnumati river water samples. The river junction water samples showed the exceeded value of DO (9.56 mg/l) and chloride (0.12 mg/l). All the 60 samples showed total mesophilic counts more than 300 cfu/ml and the average number of total mesophilic counts were found to be 5.21×106 cfu/ml. The average number of total coliform counts were found to be 2.1×105 cfu/ml in the water samples of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction. Most of the tested parameter of the samples had more than the standard value of water quality indicating the deterioration of river water quality and thus may affect the aquatic as well as human and animal lives.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Sirsiya River

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Prasad Shah ◽  
Bhoj R Pant
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Industrial Corridor

The parameters such as temperature, PH, TSS, TDS, ammonia, phenol, cyanide, sulfide, oil and grease, chloride, DO, COD and BOD were taken to assess the water quality of Sirsiya river, central southern Nepal. Water samples were collected from upstream to downstream from the point receiving industrial effluent to Sirsiya river. It receives wastewater burden of more than 250 industries along Bara/Parsa industrial corridor. All the parameters except oil and grease were found within the generic standard. The study revealed that the physic-chemical characteristic of the river water was changing as a result of the discharge of untreated effluents from different industries. This may impact on water quality of Sirsiya river and also pose human health problems. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 141-146 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7727

scholarly journals Improving endangered antelope habitat through water quality assessment and collaboration with Kenya Wildlife Service

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Tamie Joy Jovanelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Minimum Criteria ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Background and Aim: A population of endangered sitatunga antelope (Tragelaphus spekii) lives in a free-range environment at Impala Sanctuary in Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Wildlife Service park officials suspected that increased demands on outdated sewage infrastructure caused animal drinking water sources to become contaminated which resulted in animal sickness and death. In this study, we complete a water quality assessment on open water sources within the park boundaries to determine if water was suitable for animal consumption. Materials and Methods: For the assessment of water, we measure eight physical and chemical parameters (pH, temperature, fecal coliform, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrates, total phosphates, and turbidity). These eight parameters were chosen because they are used to establish a water quality index (WQI) percentage which proved to be useful to communicate conditions to park rangers, stakeholders, and adjacent landowners. Results: Through 6 months of assessments, data collection, and analysis, we determined that most open water sources are severely contaminated, ranking on the WQI from 46% to 58% (bad to medium). In addition, we compared our data to drinking water standards set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for livestock to find that only two sites met the minimum criteria. The remaining four sites were exponentially contaminated with levels reaching 10× recommended values for animal health. Conclusion: Following these findings, the park was able to attract money for sewage infrastructure rebuilds that resolved the contamination problems. Sickness and death of free-roaming animals, including the antelope, were reduced.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring of Closed Rearing System of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanny Meirinawati ◽  
Hanif Budi Prayitno ◽  
Lisa Fajar Indriana ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
A'an Johan Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Sea cucumbers are an essential fishery resource. Therefore, effective aquaculture methods should be developed to achieve their optimal production. Sea cucumbers are susceptible to various environmental factors, one of which is water quality. Monitoring water quality based on physical and chemical parameters should be useful to the rearing system in aquaculture. In practical use, farmers usually monitor only temperature, salinity, and pH, neglecting the essential role of chemical parameters. This review focuses on and urges the monitoring of physical and chemical parameters. We explored the water quality parameters that may be crucial to the sea cucumber rearing system, including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, turbidity, particulate organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, silicate, and phosphate. Furthermore, this paper presents a practical way to monitor the aquaculture or rearing system of sea cucumbers. It is suggested that temperature and salinity are the crucial physical parameters, while the essential chemical parameters are phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of the Sinos River, Southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK. Blume ◽  
JC. Macedo ◽  
A. Meneguzzi ◽  
LB. Silva ◽  
DM. Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Poor Water Quality

The Sinos River basin is located Northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º 20' to 30º 10' S and 50º 15' to 51º20'W), Southern Brazil, covering two geomorphologic provinces: the Southern plateau and central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin and has an area of approximately 800 km², encompassing 32 municipalities. The objective of this study was to monitor water quality in the Sinos River, the largest river in this basin. Water samples were collected at four selected sites in the Sinos River, and the following parameters were analysed: pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity, fecal coliforms, total dissolved solids, temperature, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorous, chromium, lead, aluminum, zinc, iron, and copper. The results were analysed based on Resolution No. 357/2005 of the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA) regarding regulatory limits for residues in water. A second analysis was performed based on a water quality index (WQI) used by the Sinos River Basin Management Committee (COMITESINOS). Poor water quality in the Sinos River presents a worrying scenario for the region, since this river is the main source of water supply for the urban core. Health conditions found in the Sinos River, mainly in its lower reaches, are worrying and a strong indicator of human activities on the basin.

scholarly journals Ecological Study on Zooplankton of Some Fresh Water Bodies of Kathmandu Valley With Reference to Water Quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sunil Ram Vaidya ◽  
Umakant Roy Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Bagmati River ◽  
Lentic Water

The present investigation was carried out in Bagmati river (Lotic water body), Taudah lake, Nag pokhari pond, Siddha pokhari pond and Godavari fish pond (Lentic water bodies) of the Kathmandu valley from May 2000 to April 2002. A monthly samples of water and zooplanktons were collected from those sites and analyzed for the entire twenty four months period. Only three groups of zooplankton viz: Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda were collected from the lotic and lentic water bodies. It was observed that Rotifers were found to be more diversified than Cladocerans and Copepods in all water bodies except in Nagpokhari. A total of seventy one species of zooplankton were recorded during that period. The lentic water bodies supported a higher species richness constituting seventy species whereas the lotic water bodies constituted only seven species of zooplankton. All investigated zooplanktons Rotifera, Cladodera and Copepoda were found contagiously distributed in all lentic water bodies. In the Bagmati river, Rotifers were recorded only in the upstream zone. Cladocerans predominated (74 %) in the upstream, Copepods predominated (70 %) in the mid-stream and again Cladocerans predominated (60 %) in the down-stream of the river. Among the investigated water bodies, the species richness was found higher in Godavari fish pond (36 species) than Taudah lake (35 species), Siddha pokhari (34 species) and Nag pokhari (26 species).The water quality of the investigated waterbodies were found to be deteriorated due to discharge of untreated effluents,solid wastes and poor conservation practices.Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 23, 2008 Page 1-11

scholarly journals WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PUNASA DAM (INDIRA SAGAR DAM), MADHYA PRADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 501-508
Author(s):  
Heena Saraswat ◽  
◽  
Meenakshi Solanki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
The Status ◽  
One Year ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The Indirasagar Dam (Punasa Dam) is a multipurpose key project of Madhya Pradesh on the Narmada river at Narmada Nagar in Khandwa (Tehsil of West Nimar district) Madhya Pradesh in India.The physical and chemical properties of water including temperature, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, hardness, nitrate, calcium and phosphorus concentration, were monitored from October 2018 to September 2019. The physical and chemical parameters were analyzed as per APHA, revealed that there were fewer variations in the physicochemical parameters and results received through the entire one year of study showed that the status of water quality is quite normal and within the permissible limit as mentioned with ISI.Moreover, according to the findings of this research and their comparison with the national and international water quality guidelines/standards, it could be said that the water quality of Punasa dam during the study period was acceptable. However, due to the changes occurred in nitrate and phosphorus and extensive development of eutrophication problem, accurate and continuous evaluation of water quality in this reservoir is deemed necessary.

scholarly journals Water quality status of groundwater and municipal water supply (tap water) from Bagmati river basin in Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Bhandari ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Samikshya Kandel ◽  
Deepa Shree Rawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Bagmati River

Abstract Poor waste management in the Kathmandu valley has deteriorated the water quality of surface and groundwater sources. The objective of this study was to assess the status of water quality (WQ) in drinking water sources of groundwater and municipal supply (tap water) from the Bagmati river basin in Kathmandu valley. A total of 52 water samples from deep tube-well, tube-well, dug-well, and tap water were collected and analyzed for physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters using standard methods. The results revealed that chloride, total hardness (TH), copper, nitrate, sulfate, and turbidity were within the recommendations of the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS). Total coliform (TC) bacteria in 84.6% of the samples exceeded drinking water guidelines. Similarly, the isolates of different enteric bacteria, namely Escherichia coli (21.5%), Citrobacter spp. (20.9%), Klebsiella spp. (19.8%), Proteus spp. (13.9%), Enterobacter spp. (8.72%), Salmonella spp. (5.8%), Shigella spp. (5.2%), and Pseudomonas (4.1%) were identified in the samples collected from the respective sources. Out of the 52 water samples, 7.7% of samples had fecal contamination of somatic coliphage. The groundwater and municipal water supply in the study area are not safe for drinking purposes. Treatment of water is required before its use for household applications.

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