scholarly journals Sub-specialty in neurosurgery: Time has come for Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Amit Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Functional Neurosurgery ◽  
Endoscopic Neurosurgery ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Trained Manpower ◽  
Vascular Neurosurgery ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Better Than

With over 90 practicing neurosurgeons in the country, should we be developing sub-specialty in neurosurgery? The number of trained manpower has risen steadily, since neurosurgery was first practiced in Nepal in 1961.1Though we are halfway to the milestone of achieving a ratio of 1 neurosurgeon for every 1 lac population, the situation here is much better than in other Sub-Saharan African and south east Asian countries.2 All the seven states have now neurosurgeons working in its hospitals, though most are still concentrated in the capitals and major towns. Recently for the last five years, despite of lack of training opportunities for sub-specialty in the country, we have seen young neurosurgeons getting trained in skull base, spine, minimally invasive or endoscopic neurosurgery, functional neurosurgery, pediatric neurosurgery and vascular neurosurgery from abroad. There is a variation in nature and period of training, ranging from observership of a few weeks to fellowship of over a year. The interest seems to be getting stronger as the facilities and complexities of cases are increasing. In such scenarios, rather than few individuals we need units or teams offering these sub-specialized services from key centers and start supervised systematic training for the interested.

scholarly journals Evolution of Neurosurgery in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhlaque Hossain Khan ◽  
ATM Mosharef Hossain ◽  
Narendra Shalike ◽  
Kanak Kanti Barua
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Stereotactic Neurosurgery ◽  
Endoscopic Neurosurgery ◽  
Spinal Stabilization ◽  
Vascular Neurosurgery ◽  
Medical University ◽  
And Training ◽  
Government Level

The beginning of Neurosurgery is not very new in Bangladesh. Prof.Rashiduddin Ahmed established the first Neurosurgery unit in the then Institute of Postgraduate Medical Research (IPGMR) with only six beds in 1970. The first generation neurosurgeons left the field of neurosurgery in the safe hands of their disciples. There was a rapid progression of neurosurgery further both in private and in government level after 2000.In 1997 the first MS (Neurosurgery) course was started in IPGMR which was replaced by a 5-year residency course under Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in 2010. Till now over 154 candidates are the active members of Bangaldesh Society of Neurosurgeons and are practicing independent neurosurgery. It is a very popular course and at present there are about 89 residents in various phases of the course in 4 institutions under BSMMU. With the available investigations, diagnostic facilities, operative facilities and good neuroanesthesia; now neurosurgeons also developed their skills in vascular neurosurgery, pediatric neurosurgery, endoscopic neurosurgery, spinal stabilization procedures, stereotactic neurosurgery and stem cell therapy. We are also hopeful that, very soon we would be able to achieve and develop our standard of neurosurgery to an international level by our determination and continuous effort, and by suitable and update learning, teaching and training. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 8(2): 57-62

Governance and Regional Variation of Homicide Rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Cao ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
Cross National

Criminological theories of cross-national studies of homicide have underestimated the effects of quality governance of liberal democracy and region. Data sets from several sources are combined and a comprehensive model of homicide is proposed. Results of the spatial regression model, which controls for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, show that quality governance, human development, economic inequality, and ethnic heterogeneity are statistically significant in predicting homicide. In addition, regions of Latin America and non-Muslim Sub-Saharan Africa have significantly higher rates of homicides ceteris paribus while the effects of East Asian countries and Islamic societies are not statistically significant. These findings are consistent with the expectation of the new modernization and regional theories.

Defining Professional Development for Technology

2014 ◽  
pp. 376-395
Author(s):  
Madelon Reed Gruich
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
Quality Learning ◽  
Training Opportunities

Professional development for technology implementation is a critical component of achieving successful learning outcomes in educational settings. The use of technology in all teaching disciplines and administration requires the systematic training of every individual within the organization. Technology tools often provide the catalyst for skill development and attainment of expertise to ensure organizational successes. Through proven and research-based training opportunities, administrators and instructors can receive and ultimately share quality learning experiences that guarantee optimal learning achievement for school districts and specific instructional programs as technology is integrated into curricula. Planning professional development that creates seamless technology assimilation at all levels of use helps to guarantee that instructional design parallels desired learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Contrasting Response Mechanisms of Maize Lines to Striga hermonthica

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Nnanna N. Unachukwu ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Adekemi Stanley ◽  
Ebenezer O. Farombi ◽  
Melaku Gedil
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Better Than

Strigahermonthica (Del.) Benth is a parasitic weed that devastates cereals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several control measures have been proposed for the parasite, of these, host plant resistance is considered the most cost-effective for poor farmers. Some tolerant/resistant lines have been developed and these lines display tolerance/resistance mechanisms to the parasite. A series of studies was done to investigate some of the mechanisms through which a resistant (TZISTR1108) and a susceptible (5057) maize line responds to S. hermonthica infestation, as well as the effects of parasitism on these lines. In this study, TZISTR1108 stimulated the germination and attachment of fewer S. hermonthica plants than 5057, both in the laboratory and on the field. In TZISTR1108, the growth of the S. hermonthica plants, that successfully attached, was slowed. When compared to the un-infested plants, the infested resistant plants showed fewer effects of parasitism than the infested susceptible plants. The infested TZISTR1108 plants were more vigorous, taller and resembled their un-infected counterparts. There were substantial reductions in the stomatal conductance and nitrogen content of the 5057 upon infestation. The resistant inbred line showed multiple mechanisms of resistance to S. hermonthica infestation. It thrives better than the susceptible line by reducing the attachment of S. hermonthica and it delays the parasite’s development.

scholarly journals P.103 Studying behaviors among neurosurgery residents using web 2.0 analytic tools

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S40-S40
Author(s):  
BA Davidson ◽  
NM Alotaibi ◽  
D Guha ◽  
AV Kulkarni ◽  
AM Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Web 2.0 Technologies ◽  
Functional Neurosurgery ◽  
Academic Behaviors ◽  
Study Behavior ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
The University

Background: Web 2.0 technologies (e.g. blogs, social networks, and wikis) are increasingly being utilized by medical schools and postgraduate training programs as tools for information dissemination. These technologies offer the unique opportunity to track metrics of user engagement and interaction. Here, we employ Web 2.0 technologies to assess academic behaviors among neurosurgery residents. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all educational lectures, part of the core Neurosurgery Residency curriculum at the University of Toronto, posted on our teaching blog (www.TheBrainSchool.net) from Sept 2013 - Nov 2016. We looked for associations with lecturer’s academic position, timing of examinations, and lecture/subspecialty topic. Results: The overall number of clicks on 123 lectures was 1079. Most of these clicks were occurring during the in-training exam month (43%). Click numbers were significantly higher on lectures presented by faculty (mean 18.6, SD ± 4.1) compared to residents-delivered lectures (mean 8.4, SD ± 2.1) (P= 0.031). Functional neurosurgery lectures were the most downloaded (47%), followed by pediatric neurosurgery (22%). Conclusions: The current study demonstrates the value of Web 2.0 analytic tools in examining residents study behavior. Residents tend to ‘cram’ downloading lectures in the same month of training exams and display a preference for faculty-delivered lectures.

scholarly journals Predictive value of retinal function by the Purkinje test in patients scheduled for cataract surgery in Kinshasa, DR Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1392-1395
Author(s):  
Serge Dinkulu ◽  
◽  
Edith Mukwanseke ◽  
Longo Flavien Lutete ◽  
Adrian Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Retinal Function ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Small Incision Cataract Surgery ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Better Than

AIM: To assess the retinal function in patients with dense cataracts in resource poor settings in Kinshasa, DR Congo. METHODS: In a tertiary eye care center, the Purkinje entoptic test was performed as part of the ophthalmological examination in 98 eyes in patients with cataract, using a penlight. Totally 92 cataract patients including 86 patients suffered from unilateral and 6 from bilateral cataracts were included in the study. The investigator asked the patients about their perception of the vascular pattern most commonly described as a leafless or dead tree. Visual acuity≥6/60 was considered an indication of good visual function and visual acuity<6/60 of poor function. Following small incision cataract surgery, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined and compared with the preoperative findings. RESULTS: Out of 98 eyes, there were 80 (81.6%) where the Purkinje entoptic phenomenon was reported by the patients. After cataract surgery, out of the 80 eyes, there were 75 (93.8%) with a BCVA of better than 6/60, whereas in 5 eyes (6.2%), BCVA was 6/60 or less. Out of the 18 eyes (18.4%) where no Purkinje tree was recognized, there were 14 (77.8%) with BCVA of better than 6/60, whereas in 4 (22.2%) BCVA was 6/60 or less. CONCLUSION: The Purkinje entoptic test is successfully used for preoperative assessment of retinal function in patients with dense cataract. However, further investigation and refinement of the test is necessary to validate the method for use in sub-Saharan conditions.

Language of Instruction and Learning in Mathematics and Science in Some African Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Brock-Utne
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
African Language ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Instruction And Learning ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
Mathematics And Science ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This article looks into the unfounded belief in many so-called anglophone countries in Africa that mathematics and science are best taught in English and not in an African language, the language pupils and teachers normally speak and command much better than English. Examples are given from Tanzania, South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho and Ghana. The reintroduction of English from the 5th grade in primary school in maths and science in the Kiswahili speaking island of Zanzibar is discussed at some length. Examples from Africa are contrasted with examples from some Asian countries like Sri Lanka and Malaysia. The attitudes of parents which are built on a misconception are analysed. The article ends on a more optimistic note claiming that misconceptions can be altered.

U.S. Population Policies, Development, and the Rural Poor of Africa

1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Edward Green
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Sub Saharan

A 1980 World Bank study paints a bleak picture of the current economic situation in sub-Saharan Africa, where most countries are at the bottom of the development pyramid. They have low incomes per capita, and their rates of economic growth have fallen behind Asian countries of comparable low income. Moreover, population growth in Africa is accelerating while trends in other developing regions suggest a slowing down.

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