scholarly journals Alternative Technique for the Construction of Menarcheal Life-table

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Tika Ram Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Recall Error ◽  
Error Memory

The main aim of this paper is to construct menarcheal life-table of Nepal using sample survey data. An alternative technique for the construction such as a life-table based on models has been proposed. The construction of such a life-table describes the distribution of the waiting time for getting menarche at birth as well as some specified age or age group of girls (in years). The average expected number of years to attain menarche at birth was found to be 14.8 years. Likewise, if girls who attain 12th birthday, they most likely to wait another 3.2 years for getting menarche among older birth cohort girls while it was 2.4 years among younger birth cohort girls. Only 11 % girls had attained menarche before their 13th birthday. This finding may help for planners and policy-makers to design effective policy in reproductive health and behaviors of females in a country. Key words: menarche; life-table, recall error; memory lapse; logistic distribution DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4146Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 199-204

scholarly journals Building an information system to enhance innovative SMEs in Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Godiva Rembeci
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
National Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

SMEs play an important role in the national economic development of any country. Now days SMEs are becoming more and more a subject of high attention of policy makers especially to developing countries due to their great potential in contribution of sustainable economic growth and employment generation for the national economy. In Albania, SMEs represent about 98% of the total enterprises in the country with a contribution to national GDP for about 70%.The economic performance and the structure of national economy is depended very much on the performance and the contribution of SMEs. Therefore, building an information system on SMEs performance is very important especially related to the objective for enhancing the innovative SMEs in the country. To measure SMEs’ ability to compete on national, regional and international markets requires a lot of information on all aspects,not only insights from SMEs but also contribution from SME experts, policy makers, representatives of associations of private enterprises dealing with SME issues. In addition, survey data analysis, is very useful instrument to establish the set of proper indicators (employment, productivity, adopted technology, access to credit, to market) to measure to what extend these indicators are fulfilled by Albanian SMEs. To achieve this objective, the author have used the data collected through sample survey carried out by regional development agency, to 150 SMEs engaged in industrial production, located in 4 regions of the country. The sample results shows that despite the worldwide economic crisis, SMEs in Albania have contributed in growth of new jobs and investments in new technologies. Nevertheless currently SMEs still lack an adequate level of experience with regards to their functioning in the context of a market economy and open competition. The objective of the article, based on sample survey data is to prepare a set of recommendations both for SME’s and the stakeholders committed to SMEs development.

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT MIGRATION IN RURAL INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KAVI KUMAR ◽  
BRINDA VISWANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Temporary Migrants

While a wide range of factors influence rural–rural and rural–urban migration in developing countries, there is significant interest in analyzing the role of agricultural distress and growing inter-regional differences in fueling such movement. This strand of research acquires importance in the context of climate change adaptation. In the Indian context, this analysis gets further complicated due to the significant presence of temporary migration. This paper analyzes how weather and its variability affects both temporary and permanent migration in India using National Sample Survey data for the year 2007–2008. The paper finds that almost all of the rural–urban migrants are permanent. Only temperature plays a role in permanent migration. In contrast, many temporary migrants are rural–rural and both temperature and rainfall explain temporary migration.

The Cost of Being ‘Backward’ in India: Socio-religious Discrimination in the Labour Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110296
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Chakraborty ◽  
Alok K. Bohara
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Capital Endowment ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Capital Endowment

Being from backward castes, classes and Muslims in India has an economic cost associated with the nature of institutional discrimination. Using the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, this study identifies that caste and religion still rule the modern Indian labour market. We find that discrimination is evident in the socio-religious earnings gaps. While the parametric decompositions suggest that most of these gaps are due to differential human capital endowment, the nonparametric method almost evenly attributes inequality to discrimination and endowment. The results presented in this study suggest that discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Muslims and Other Backward Classes should be included in policy designs to promote equity in the Indian labour market.

scholarly journals Defining user risk in social networking services

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haynes ◽  
Lyn Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Networking Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Purposive Sample ◽  
Risk Categories

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the risks faced by users of online social networking services (SNSs) in the UK and to develop a typology of risk that can be used to assess regulatory effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach – An initial investigation of the literature revealed no detailed taxonomies of risk in this area. Existing taxonomies were reviewed and merged with categories identified in a pilot survey and expanded in purposive sample survey directed at the library and information services (LIS) community in the UK. Findings – Analysis of the relationships between different risk categories yielded a grouping of risks by their consequences. This aligns with one of the objectives of regulation, which is to mitigate risks. Research limitations/implications – This research offers a tool for evaluation of different modes of regulation of social media. Practical implications – Awareness of the risks associated with use of online SNSs and wider social media contributes to the work of LIS professionals in their roles as: educators; intermediaries; and users of social media. An understanding of risk also informs the work of policy makers and legislators responsible for regulating access to personal data. Originality/value – A risk-based view of regulation of personal data on social media has not been attempted in such a comprehensive way before.

Restricted quasi-score estimating functions for sample survey data

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (A) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Y.-X. Lin ◽  
D. Steel ◽  
R. L Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Estimating Functions ◽  
Limit Theory ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Probability Structure ◽  
Sample Survey Data

This paper applies the theory of the quasi-likelihood method to model-based inference for sample surveys. Currently, much of the theory related to sample surveys is based on the theory of maximum likelihood. The maximum likelihood approach is available only when the full probability structure of the survey data is known. However, this knowledge is rarely available in practice. Based on central limit theory, statisticians are often willing to accept the assumption that data have, say, a normal probability structure. However, such an assumption may not be reasonable in many situations in which sample surveys are used. We establish a framework for sample surveys which is less dependent on the exact underlying probability structure using the quasi-likelihood method.

Papers please: Predictive factors for national and international COVID-19 immunity and vaccination passport uptake as determined by representative surveys (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Michael Garrett ◽  
Joshua Paul White ◽  
Simon Dennis ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky ◽  
Cheng-Ta Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
The Uk

BACKGROUND In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries are introducing digital passports that allow citizens to return to normal activities if they were previously infected with (immunity passport) or vaccinated against (vaccination passport) SARS-CoV-2. To be effective, policy decision makers must know whether immunity and vaccination passports will be widely accepted by the public, and under what conditions? This study focuses attention on immunity passports, as these may prove useful in countries both with and without an existing COVID-19 vaccination program, however, our general findings also extend to vaccination passports. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess attitudes towards the introduction of immunity passports in six countries, and determine what social, personal, and contextual factors predicted their support. METHODS We collected online representative samples across six countries – Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom – from April to May of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, and assessed attitudes and support for the introduction of immunity passports. RESULTS Immunity passport support was moderate-to-low, ranging from 51% in the UK and Germany, 47% in Australia and Spain, 46% in Taiwan, and 22% in Japan. Bayesian generalized linear mixed effects modelling controlling assessed predictive factors for immunity passport support across countries. International results showed neoliberal world views, personal concern and perceived virus severity, the fairness of immunity passports, and willingness to become infected to gain an immunity passport, were all predictive factors of immunity passport support. By contrast, gender (woman), immunity passport concern, and risk of harm to society predicted a decrease in support for immunity passports. Minor differences in predictive factors were found between countries and results were modelled separately to provide national accounts of these data. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that support for immunity passports is predicted by the personal benefits and social risks they confer. These findings generalized across six countries and may also prove informative for the introduction of vaccination passports, helping policy makers to introduce effective COVID-19 passport policies in these six countries and around the world.

Child Well-being Across the Life Course: What Do We Know, What Should We Know?

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-192
Author(s):  
Gary Pollock ◽  
Haridhan Goswami ◽  
Aleksandra Szymczyk
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Evidence For Policy ◽  
Post Hoc

Child well-being has an explicit connection with UN Sustainable Development Goals. Progress in tackling these goals require robust evidence, such as can be provided by high quality survey data. Birth cohort surveys are an important source of evidence for policy makers seeking to protect and enhance the lives of children as they grow up. Until now such surveys have been developed independently and in order to compare data in different countries there are many challenges in post-hoc data harmonisation. The merits of collecting national longitudinal data are widely recognised, and yet the current studies are not easily comparable as they contain different questions and are conducted at different times and on different age groups. It is, therefore, time for an input harmonised comparative birth cohort survey. The European Cohort Development Project has been developing the design and business case for such a survey since 2018. This survey will allow a direct comparison of the well-being of children as they grow up across Europe in different national contexts. In the future, researchers the world over will be able to learn from the lived experiences of children and young people as they grow up in a diverse range of European countries.

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