scholarly journals Measurement of the Tricuspid and the Mitral Valve in Adult Human Heart: A Cadaveric Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Chhiring Palmu Lama ◽  
A. Pradhan ◽  
U. Chalise ◽  
S. Dhungel ◽  
S.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The human heart valve is an integral structure and the valvular heart disease is one of the most common disease of the heart. Such cardiac disease require repair of the valve and valve replacement surgery where the patient’s diseased valve is replaced by a prosthetic valve. The aim of this study was to measure the annular circumferences and diameters of tricuspid and mitral valves in cadavers. A morphometric study was conducted in Department of Anatomy at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital where total 50 cadaveric hearts were taken up for the study. The tricuspid and the mitral valves were exposed by dissection method. Measurements were taken by using a thread and a digital vernier caliper and obtained data were analysed by using SPSS-16. The mean, frequency and standard deviation of circumferences and diameters of both tricuspid and the mitral valves were analysed and were found as (a) The mean annular circumference of tricuspid valve was 11.22 ± 0.20 cm (b) The mean diameter of tricuspid valve was 2.33 ± 0.04 cm. (c) The mean annular circumference of mitral valve was 9.22 ± 1.49 cm (d) the mean diameter of mitral valve was 2.01 ± 0.27 cm. There were few literatures available on the study of cadaveric heart valves in Nepal thus this study will provide a guideline to the clinicians, radiologists and also to cardiothoracic surgeons performing various valve surgeries to assess the prosthetic valve of appropriate size and to the anthropologists also to maintain a standardized data on cardiac valves as well.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Mitral Valve in South Odisha - A Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 1275-1279
Author(s):  
Niharika Padhy ◽  
Madhusmita Panda
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Mitral Orifice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Posterior Cusp ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Valve Area

BACKGROUND The heart is a pair of valved muscular pumps combined in a single organ. For the proper functioning of the heart, all valves should be intact. Mitral valve (MV) prolapse and regurgitation is the main cause of MV replacement. The dimensions of mitral valve and the cusps vary from person to person. We wanted to measure the average size of the valve components with respect to the annulus in the cadavers of South Odisha region, which would help in the selection of prosthetic valve in cardiac surgery. METHODS This comparative study was carried out on 58 adult cadaveric human hearts. Left atrium was opened along the left border of heart so as to expose the mitral orifice. Parameters of different components ofthe valve were measured by using appropriate instruments. RESULTS The mean annular circumference of the mitral valve was found to be 8.84 ± 1.24 cm; The annular attachment and height of anterior cusp were 2.94 ± .81 cm and 2.55 ± 0.27 cm respectively. The annular attachment and height of posterior cusp were 4.52 ± 0.78 cm and 1.2 ± 0.17 respectively. The annular area was found to be 5.22 ± 1.13 cm2. The combined cusp area was found to be 9.38 ± 2.32 cm. CONCLUSIONS The size of mitral valve parameters in the South Odisha region were found to be less compared to other studies. This study might help cardio-thoracic surgeons as well as the prosthetic valve manufacturing companies for the rough estimation of the mitral valve size. KEY WORDS Mitral Valve, Anterior Cusp, Posterior Cusp, Annular Circumference, Annular Valve Area and Combined Cusp Area

scholarly journals Comparison of Heart Valve Circumference Examined Before and After 10% Formalin Fixation

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Watcharit Anantakal ◽  
◽  
Somboon Thamtakerngkit ◽  
Vijarn Vachirawongsakorn ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Formalin Fixation ◽  
Pulmonic Valve ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Objective: To compare the heart valve circumference before and after 10% formalin fixation. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed 63 Thai human cadaveric hearts. Each heart valve circumference was separately measured in the fresh state by specifically designed equipment. After that, the hearts were fixed in 10% formalin for 3 days. Then each heart valve circumference was measured by the same equipment and by the thread and ruler technique. The results were analyzed using SPSS package to find the association between the heart valve circumference before and after formalin fixation. Results: This study showed that the average circumferences of the heart valve measured in the fresh state were 13.329 cm in the tricuspid valve, 10.617 cm in the mitral valve, 8.416 cm in the pulmonic valve, and 7.122 cm in the aortic valve. The average circumferences of the heart valve measured after 10% formalin fixation were 11.019 cm in the tricuspid valve, 8.714 cm in the mitral valve, 6.751 cm in the pulmonic valve, and 6.089 cm in the aortic valve. The average ratios of the heart valve circumference measured fresh and after 10% formalin fixation were 0.8267 in the tricuspid valve, 0.8235 in the mitral valve, 0.8050 in the pulmonic valve, and 0.8573 in the aortic valve. There were significant differences in the heart valve circumference between the fresh state and after formalin fixation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed important information on the dimensional changes of all the formalin-fixed heart valves. We found that the heart valve shrank after formalin fixation, with the formalin-fixed hearts an estimated 0.8 times smaller than the fresh cadaveric hearts.

scholarly journals Morphology of Right Atrioventricular Valve -A Postmortem Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Sultana ◽  
Md Tazul Islam ◽  
Pran Krishna Basak ◽  
Md Samir Uddin ◽  
Zakia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Human Heart ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Heart valves serve the important function of preventing backflow, or regurgitation, in the healthy heart. It is well known that cardiac valves can suffer from congenital and acquired disease. Most frequent acquired valvular abnormalities are stenoses of the aortic and mitral valves, which account for approximately 2/3rd of all valve disease. For the management of valvular disease morphology of right atrioventricular valve is essential. Materials and Methods: Study design was descriptive type of study. Place and period of study was Department of Anatomy, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet from July 2015 to June 2016. Results: Present study was performed on 70 post mortem human hearts of age ranging from 9 to 70 years. Human heart was collected from the unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in the department of Forensic medicine in Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College during the study period fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: The collected samples were divided into 3 groups depending on age. Group – A: (9 - 21 Years), Group - B: (22 - 41 Years), Group - C: ( 42 -70) Years. Each group was subdivided into two groups depending on their sex. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 42-44

Total Reconstruction of the Mitral Valve with Autopericardium: Anatomical Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Vahe C Gasparyan ◽  
Van S Galstyan
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Autologous Pericardium ◽  
Total Reconstruction ◽  
Normal Mitral Valve

Mitral valve repair has several advantages over prosthetic valve replacement. A new technique of total reconstruction of the mitral valve with autologous pericardium is described. The native mitral valve leaflets and chordae were excised from 10 human cadaver hearts, in the same way as for prosthetic valve replacement. The dimensions of the physiologically normal mitral valve were used to calculate the parameters for tailoring a corresponding new valve. Autologous pericardium was fixed in 0.625% glutaraldehyde solution for 10 minutes. The calculated parameters of the mitral valve were marked on the pericardium. The new valve was fashioned and inserted in the native valve position. Hydraulic probes showed good competence in all 10 reconstructed mitral valves. This method might be a good alternative to prosthetic valve replacement.

scholarly journals On the influence of the tricuspid valve of the heart on the circulation of the blood

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 337-338
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Safety Valve ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Direct Experiment ◽  
Valvular Function ◽  
The Right ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood

The purport of this paper is to prove experimentally that the tricuspid valve of the human heart does not, in the ordinary state of the circulation, completely prevent the reflux of blood from the ventricle into the auricle on the right side, and that the amount of regurgitation is continually varying according to the different degrees of distention of the ventricle. The author points out the anatomical differences between the auriculo-ventricular valves on the right and left sides of the heart; from the consideration of which it might have been inferred, independently of direct experiment, that while the structure of the mitral valve is adapted to close accurately all communication between the left auricle and ventricle during the contraction of the latter, that of the tricuspid valve is designedly calculated to allow, when closed, of the flow of a certain quantity of blood from the right ventricle back again into the auricle. The comparatively imperfect valvular function of these latter membranes is shown by various experiments on recent hearts, in which it was found that fluids injected, through the aorta, into the left ventricle, were perfectly retained in that cavity, by the closing of the mitral valve; but that when the right ventricle was similarly injected through the pulmonary artery, the tricuspid valves generally allowed of the escape of the fluid in streams, more or less copious, in consequence of the incomplete apposition of their margins. On repeating these experiments on different animals the author obtained similar results; but found that the imperfection of the valvular function was greater, the sooner the heart was examined after the death of the animal; and that if the trials were made after the lapse of a certain time, the rigidity which gradually supervened on the muscular fibres of the heart, and of the carneæ columnæ attached to the margins of the valves, brought them into more complete apposition and led to the accurate closing of the passage. This effect, however, was never so perfectly accomplished in the tricuspid, as in the mitral valves. The author regards this peculiarity of structure in the tricuspid valve as an express provision against the mischiefs that might result from an excessive afflux of blood to the lungs, analogous to a safety-valve; and as more especially advantageous in incipient diseased enlargements of the right ventricle. He adverts to the conditions of the heart during the fœtal state of existence, in which the same necessity of guarding against excessive pressure does not occur, and where the structures are found to correspond to the variation of functions. A similar adjustment of the right auriculo-ventricular valve to the peculiar circumstances and habits of animals may also be traced by extending the inquiry to various classes of animals.

scholarly journals Early outcomes of mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis for rheumatic mitral valve disease.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2266-2270
Author(s):  
Musfireh Siddiqeh ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Zainab Farid ◽  
Fakhar e Fayyaz ◽  
Qudsia Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Valvular Disease ◽  
Mechanical Prosthesis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Valve Pressure

Objectives: To study the early outcomes of mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis is patients with rheumatic mitral valvular disease.  Study Design: Retrospective Observational study. Setting: Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore and Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi. Period: From August 2014 to August 2017. Material & Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve replacement for a rheumatic pathology were included in the study. Patients undergoing a redo surgery, those with concomitant aortic valve intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and emergency procedures were excluded from the study. Results: Of the 104 patients included in the study, 58 (56.2%) were female patients. The mean age of the patients was 35 ± 12.36 years (median 33 years). Sixty (58.5%) had hypertension and 22 (21.28%) had diabetes. Mitral valve stenosis was the main pathology in 84 (81.25%). Severe pulmonary hypertension was recorded in 15 (15%) patients. The mean preoperative Tricuspid Valve Pressure Gradient (TVPG) was 55.33 ± 18.35 mmHg. The mean cross clamp time was 45.33 ± 12.32 minutes. The postoperative tricuspid valve pressure gradient came down to 31.5 ± 12.21 mmHg. No patients had acute renal injury, pulmonary complications or re-exploration for bleeding. Perioperative mortality was 4 (3.75%). Conclusion: Rheumatic valvular disease is still prevalent in our part of the world. Most of the patients with rheumatic heart disease will end up with replacement of the valve. Replacement with a mechanical prosthesis has favorable early outcomes.

scholarly journals Libman-Sacks Endocarditis Involving Tricuspid Valve in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1179-1181
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Ghule ◽  
Shilpa Abhay Gaidhane ◽  
Sourya Acharya ◽  
Charan Bagga ◽  
Anil Wanjari
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis

Libman-Sacks endocarditis is non-infectious thrombotic involvement of cardiac valves seen in systemic lupus erythematosus.1,2 Mitral valve followed by aortic valve are involved in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, involvement of tricuspid valve is rare.3 A case of a 36-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus with isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis has been reported here. Within the background of the relevant medical literature, this is a rare event. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, mostly the aortic and mitral valves are affected.4 Echo shows evidence of vegetation in tip and septa of tricuspid valve which is suggestive of Libman-Sacks endocarditis. In our case we have discussed Libman-Sacks endocarditis involving tricuspid valve.

scholarly journals Morphometric study on papillary muscles of human tricuspid valve-dissection method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Chandragirish S ◽  
Harsha B R ◽  
Girish V Patil
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Valve Diseases ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Aim of the present study was to observe the measurements of anterior papillary muscles present in tricuspid valve of human heart. Measurements of anterior papillary muscles in tricuspid valve gains utmost importance in cardiac surgeries because they are the causes of myocardial infarction in recent times because of its variations and detection of these causes by advent in modern technologies which will help in treatment of tricuspid valve diseases. This study was carried out on 96 normal formalin fixed human heart specimens. Dissection was performed according to standard techniques. Anterior papillary muscles were observed and length, width and thickness of each muscle were measured and documented. In the present study, numbers of anterior papillary muscles were present with a frequency of 1-3, with most common appearance of 1 muscle in 66 hearts (68.8%) and least common incidence of 3 muscles in 6 hearts (6.3%). Anterior papillary muscles were present in all 96 hearts. In measurements, anterior papillary muscles mean height was 1.49±0.44 cm; mean width was 0.82±0.21 cm and mean thickness was 0.64±0.15 cm respectively. We hope this study will serve to understand the morphometry of anterior papillary muscles better and will help in various surgical procedures and cardiac treatment done on tricuspid valve.

Tricuspid Valve Papillary Fibroelastoma: A Rare Tumor with a Diagnostic Dilemma

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hairulfaizi Haron ◽  
Mohd Rizal Mohd Yusof ◽  
Oteh Maskon ◽  
Joanna Ooi ◽  
Mohd Ramzisham Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Mitral Valve Regurgitation ◽  
Papillary Fibroelastoma ◽  
Tricuspid Valve Repair ◽  
Valve Regurgitation ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Endothelial Surface

Papillary fibroelastoma is a rare primary tumor of the heart valves. This lesion can occur on any of the valves or endothelial surface of the heart and has been detected by echocardiography, by cardiac catheterization, during open heart operations for other conditions, and at autopsy. Because of the potential for comorbidities, this tumor should be removed. We present the case of an elderly man with a diagnosis of severe mitral valve regurgitation and moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation who was suspected to have a tricuspid valve vegetation. Mitral valve replacement, tricuspid valve repair, and excision of the lesion were performed successfully. A histologic examination of the vegetation confirmed it to be a papillary fibroelastoma. We present this case to emphasize the rarity of this tumor and the importance of a correct diagnosis to avoid delaying its prompt and definitive management.

Repair of the mitral valve because of pure rheumatic mitral valvar incompetence in the young

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Al Jubair ◽  
Abdullah Jaralla ◽  
Mohsen Fadala ◽  
Emad Bukhari ◽  
Yahya Al Faraidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Mitral Incompetence ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aortic Incompetence ◽  
Prosthetic Ring ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Made In

AbstractBetween January 1985 and April 1994, 42 children aged between 7 and 14 years (mean 11.3 years) underwent repair of severely incompetent rheumatic mitral valves with no accompanying mitral stenosis. In 19 patients the tricuspid valve was severely incompetent, while 8 patients had severe aortic incompetence. Overall, the repair incorporated shortening of elongated tendinous cords and insertion of a Duran or Carpentier prosthetic ring. The repair was the sole procedure in 15 patients, whilst 19 patients also had a De Vega tricuspid valvar annuloplasty and 8 had repair or replacement of the aortic valve. There were no hospital deaths. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiographic studies revealed trivial residual mitral valvar regurgitation in 6 patients, mild regurgitation in 18, moderate in 15, and regurgitation severe enough to warrant replacement of the mitral valve in 3 patients. The mean follow-up period was 37 months (maximum 120 months, minimum 1 month). 0139 patients followed-up, 28 attended for more than 5 years. Of these, 7 underwent replacement of the mitral valve for severe regurgitation within 4 years of the repair. Severe mitral regurgitation in 3 patients was controlled by medical therapy. One was eventu ally lost to follow-up, and one patient died of causes unrelated to surgery. The remaining 16 patients had absent to moderate mitral valvar regurgitation. These results contrast with 10 repairs of congenital mitral incompetence, where no patients required re-operation in the immediate 5 years period of follow-up. Every effort should be made in children with rheumatic mitral incompetence to preserve the natural valve by con servative repair, despite the fact that repair of the incompetent rheumatic mitral valve is not so durable as repair of congenitally incompetent valves.

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