scholarly journals Screening of Superabsorbent Polymers in Barley Husk

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Ram Jeewan Yadav ◽  
Ganga Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
World Production ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Barley Husk ◽  
Potential Resource ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
Unique Ability

Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) as hydrogels are super-soaker organic materials - Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) which swells in water to form a clear gel. These are different from conventional absorbent sponge in which water can be wrung out easily; the SAPs' hydrate gel particle retains the absorbed water even under pressure. This unique ability to hold absorbed water, even against pressure, is the primary benefit of using SAPs. Such SAPs have created a very attractive area in the viewpoint of super-swelling behaviour, chemistry, and designing the variety of final applications. Besides various applications, the most volume of SAPs world production (106 tons/year) is yet consumed in hygienic uses, i.e., disposable diapers (as baby or adult diapers, feminine napkins, etc.). Agro wastes like Barley husk can be a very potential resource to obtain CMC or SAPs. This paper discusses extraction of α-cellulose followed by carboxy-methylation process to get CMC from barley husk. Absorbency tests of the CMC were performed by tea bag method and all the samples were characterized by FTIR.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Superabsorbent Polymers Based on Starch Aldehydes and Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmin Lee ◽  
Soohee Park ◽  
Hyun-gyoo Roh ◽  
Seungtaek Oh ◽  
Sunghoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers

scholarly journals Valorization of Superabsorbent Polymers from Used Disposable Diapers as Soil Moisture Conditioner

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymundo Sánchez-Orozco ◽  
Beatriz Timoteo-Cruz ◽  
Teresa Torres-Blancas ◽  
Fernando Ureña-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Seeds Germination

This study was conducted to explore the potential of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) from used disposable diapers as soil moisture conditioner. Swelling behavior of the proposed hydrogel in response to external stimuli such as salt solutions, temperature and pH was studied. In addition, laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of incorporation hydrogel on germination of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pumpkin (C. pepo) seeds. The structure of the superabsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the proposed SAP exhibited a maximum swelling capacity of 189 g.g-1 of dry gel. It was observed that the swelling capacity decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the swelling medium. When this SAP was mixed with sandy soil, the mixture was able to lose water more slowly. The seeds germination and seedling growth was remarkably influenced by the application of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 w/w% of SAP compared to the untreated soil. Therefore, it follows that it is possible to take advantage of SAPs property from used disposable diapers to retain the moisture in soil as an alternative to value the use of such waste, showing that it has potential for diverse applications in agriculture.

scholarly journals VALORIZATION OF SUPERABSORBENT POLYMERS FROM USED DISPOSABLE DIAPERS AS SOIL MOISTURE RETAINER

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Raymundo Sánchez-Orozco ◽  
Beatriz Timoteo-Cruz ◽  
Teresa Torres-Blancas ◽  
Fernando Ureña-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Seeds Germination

This study was conducted to explore the potential of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) from used disposable diapers as soil moisture retainer. Swelling behavior of the proposed hydrogel in response to external stimuli such as salt solutions, temperature and pH was studied. In addition, laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of incorporation hydrogel on germination of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pumpkin (C. pepo) seeds. The structure of the used superabsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the proposed SAP exhibited a maximum swelling capacity of 189 g-g-1 of dry gel. It was observed that the swelling capacity decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the swelling medium. When this SAP was mixed with sandy soil, the mixture was able to lose water more slowly. The seeds germination and seedling growth was remarkably influenced by the application of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 w/w% of SAP compared to the untreated soil. Therefore, it follows that it is possible to take advantage of SAPs property from used disposable diapers to retain the moisture in soil as an alternative to value the use of such waste, showing that it has potential for agricultural applications.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

200kv superconducting cryo electron microscope

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
M. Iwatsuki ◽  
Y. Kokubo ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Crystal Fields ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Long Time

In recent years, the electron microscope has been significantly improved in resolution and we can obtain routinely atomic-level high resolution images without any special skill. With this improvement, the structure analysis of organic materials has become one of the interesting targets in the biological and polymer crystal fields.Up to now, X-ray structure analysis has been mainly used for such materials. With this method, however, great effort and a long time are required for specimen preparation because of the need for larger crystals. This method can analyze average crystal structure but is insufficient for interpreting it on the atomic or molecular level. The electron microscopic method for organic materials has not only the advantage of specimen preparation but also the capability of providing various information from extremely small specimen regions, using strong interactions between electrons and the substance. On the other hand, however, this strong interaction has a big disadvantage in high radiation damage.

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