scholarly journals Users’ Satisfaction with Domestic Water Supply in Nepal – A Study in Lekhnath Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Narayan Timilsena
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

 Water Supply and Sanitation has been a priority of Government of Nepal. Various types of urban and rural water supply and sanitation projects are now being implemented within the Government, private and NGO sectors. The normal practice of measurement of satisfaction by service providers is to measure consumers’ satisfaction on past performance. The survey design could vary from survey questions to unstructured interviews and everything in between using comparative and non-comparative scales. In comparative scaling, the respondents are asked to compare one product against the other while non-comparative scaling is used to evaluate a single product. In this study, Likert Scales is used in this study for measurement of customer satisfaction on water supply. The higher level of satisfaction with water supply is expected to be positively related to several factors such as satisfaction with water quality, and other parameters such as hours and timings of water supply, tap pressure, quantity of water supplied, responsiveness and communication of management and water tariff. The respondents’ level of satisfaction indicates that about 41 percent of respondents were neutral, they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with water services, while about 36 percent of respondents were satisfied with water services. The satisfaction scale of overall satisfaction with water services was 3.29 while 1.0 indicates strongly not satisfied while 5.0 indicate strongly satisfied. The various aspects that influence satisfaction among users which include hours and timings of water supply, tap pressure, quantity of water supplied, responsiveness and communication of management and water tariff as well as redresses of customer complaints have been examined. This study focused on the users’ satisfaction of Lekhnath small town water supply and sanitation project and the study was undertaken to analyze the current users’ satisfaction of the Lekhnath small town water supply and sanitation project. The result showed that the satisfaction level of users’ is above neutral but these were not in satisfying level. The characteristics/aspects of the service that contributed to users’ satisfaction including hours and timing, pressure, quantity and quality of water while there was slightly less satisfaction with regard to complaints about water supply.

Water Supply and Sanitation in a Green Economy Society: The Case of Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki Laitinen ◽  
Riina Antikainen ◽  
Jarmo J. Hukka ◽  
Tapio S. Katko
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Stakeholder Workshop ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

A green economy specifically considers the welfare of the environment and is closely aligned with sustainable development—in both, the use of natural resources should be less than their natural production. In this article, the concept of a green economy is discussed from the viewpoint of water services, a crucial part of a sustainable society, with the objective of enhancing knowledge about sustainable and resilient water services that will meet society’s future demands. Drawing from a literature review and a stakeholder workshop attended by 68 experts, it seeks to answer three research questions: (a) What are appropriate and sustainable urban water supply and sanitation policies for a society that is adopting the basic principles of a green economy? (b) What should be the role of water supply and sanitation in a green and circular economy and what are the current challenges to meeting this objective? and (c) What actions are needed in the Finnish water and sanitation services (WSS) sector to effectively meet the requirements of a green and circular economy? The results are applied to the specific case of Finland, and recommendations and conclusions for the Finnish society and its water services are presented.

scholarly journals Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Situation in Nepal: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Chitra Bahadur Budhathoki
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
The Government ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal is a landlocked country located in South Asia. Nepal has made its considerable efforts to improve the water supply and sanitation (WASH) situation in the country by formulating and enforcing a number of WASH policies, guidelines and acts for the last two decades. But WASH situation of Nepal has not been well documented so far. Aim of this article is to describe the situation of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in Nepal by analyzing secondary data and information obtained from published and unpublished literature. About 97 of the total population have access to basics anitation facilities and 87 percent access to basic water supply facility. Sanitation coverage is95 percent in six Provinces and below 90 percent in Province no. 2 of Nepal. The momentum of sanitation coverage was accelerated immediately after internalization and implementation of the Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan in 2011 and Nepal reaches at close to the elimination of open defecation. The gap between rich and poor in accessing to and using toilet facility has been narrowing down due to the nationwide sanitation campaigns. But there is disparity in accessing and using piped water between rich and poor. Only 25 percent of water supply systems are well functioning and 68 percent can supply water to water taps throughout year. One-fourth of the existing toilet facility across the country are poorly constructed that needs to be upgraded. The government should make consolidated and integrated efforts to reduce existing inequity in the WASH sector and enhance the sustainability of water supply and sanitation services.

Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Community Rural Water Supplies in Sankuri Division, Garissa District, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 20662-20683
Author(s):  
Dr. Githae N.M. ◽  
Farah M.A ◽  
Masese D. M.
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
The Government

Water is the most important natural resource, indispensable for life and at the same time the backbone of growth and prosperity for humankind. More than 1.1 billion people lack access to safe water and 2.6-billion lack access to basic sanitation in the world today.  Water is not like other commodities in the sense that it is essential to human life. It is also essential to economic growth and poverty reduction. About 18% of the world’s population lacks access to improved water supply, According to WHO, 1.6 million deaths per year can be attributed to unsafe water and lack of sanitation (Pérard, 2007:42). Major threats to the sustainability of rural water supplies include high poverty levels in communities, weak institutional framework and inability of communities to handle breakdowns. The purpose of the research was to determine the factors that affect the sustainability of rural water supply facilities in Sankuri Division, Garissa District. To explore the causes of non-functionality of the water supply, a purposive survey was undertaken covering five (5) locations situated within the proximity of the Tana Rive with a sample of 384 households for quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions and key informant interviews. The study established demographic characteristics of the study population, majority of the respondents (73.8%) that fetched water for the household were women, and 4.4% were female children. As concerns their level of education and ability to pay for the services, those with higher levels of education were more likely to pay for the water services. Economic factor had a bearing on the households’ ability to pay for the services and therefore the need to consider the cost implication for sustainability of the WSS. Aspects of the operations and management of the WSS elicited components of sustainability and the study’s findings whereby Water management Committee accounted for 48.6%, however components of management contributing to unsustainability among others were poor management skills 18%, corruption among the office bearers 8.4% and lack of accountability 8%. The study concluded that involvement of women in the management of the water systems since they are mostly involved in accessing this valuable commodity for their households is of utter importance, given their key role in this vital commodity for the members of their households. Cost has played a crucial role in the sustainability of the WSS, and lastly, Governance issues were not articulated to promote active community participation by the government policy, hence influence of the Operation and Management of the WSS. The study made recommendations at two levels: To the Government to incorporate basic Operations and Management skills for the WSS teams and enhance the capacity building in the initiation of the projects. Water Service Providers to be aware of the consumers’ preference in the management of the WSS. The committee members’ capacity building is crucial for the attainment of sustainability of the WSS. Water tariffs to be affordable in order to support the communities’ ability to pay for the services, and to facilitate maintenance of the systems. Lastly, planning of annual stakeholders and management meetings to promote trust and ownership of the water facility should be emphasized.

scholarly journals Pengukuran Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Di Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah Tahun 2020

KarismaPro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Tahyan Alimudin
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Service Cost ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bureaucratic Reform ◽  
The City ◽  
Service Recipient

The size agreed upon by the assistant is determined by the level of service recipient satisfaction. The satisfaction of beneficiaries received must be in accordance with what is needed and expected. And the government has also issued a Regulation of the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform No. 14 of 2017 concerning Guidelines for Surveying Public Satisfaction of Public Service Providers. The Elements That Are Focused In The Community Satisfaction Survey consist of 9 Elements. Of the 9 non-services in the work unit of the Regional Development Planning, Research and Development Agency in the City of Tasikmalaya in general, the Highest Average Value (NRR) The Highest Non-Service Cost Conformity (3.59), While No one has an Over Value (NRR) that almost the same but still in the GOOD category. The element with the lowest average value (NRR) is service time (average 3.07). This value reflects the highest level of satisfaction obtained from the Conformity of Service Costs. While at the time of service provides the lowest level of satisfaction. Everyone's Average Rating. Successful researcher so that BAPPELITBANGDA of Tasikmalaya City needs to strive for and maintain good service quality, as well as improve socialization for service recipients regarding the requirements and time of development planning services.The size agreed upon by the assistant is determined by the level of service recipient satisfaction. The satisfaction of beneficiaries received must be in accordance with what is needed and expected. And the government has also issued a Regulation of the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform No. 14 of 2017 concerning Guidelines for Surveying Public Satisfaction of Public Service Providers. The Elements That Are Focused In The Community Satisfaction Survey consist of 9 Elements. Of the 9 non-services in the work unit of the Regional Development Planning, Research and Development Agency in the City of Tasikmalaya in general, the Highest Average Value (NRR) The Highest Non-Service Cost Conformity (3.59), While No one has an Over Value (NRR) that almost the same but still in the GOOD category. The element with the lowest average value (NRR) is service time (average 3.07). This value reflects the highest level of satisfaction obtained from the Conformity of Service Costs. While at the time of service provides the lowest level of satisfaction. Everyone's Average Rating. Successful researcher so that BAPPELITBANGDA of Tasikmalaya City needs to strive for and maintain good service quality, as well as improve socialization for service recipients regarding the requirements and time of development planning services.

scholarly journals Politicising the sustaining of water supply in Ireland – the role of accounting concepts

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jollands ◽  
Martin Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Irish Government mobilised accounting concepts to assist in implementing domestic water billing. While such is commonplace in other jurisdictions and is generally accepted as necessary to sustain a water supply, previous attempts were unsuccessful and a political hot potato. Design/methodology/approach The authors use an actor-network theory inspired approach. Specifically, the concepts of calculative spaces and their “otherness” to non-calculative spaces are used to analyse how accounting concepts were mobilised and the effects they had in the introduction of domestic water billing. The authors utilise publically available documents such as legislation, programmes for government, regulator publications, media reports and parliamentary records in the analysis over the period from 1983 to late 2014. Findings The analysis highlights how the implementation of domestic water billing involved the assembling of many divergent actors including the mobilisation of accounting concepts. Specifically the concept of “cost” became a contested entity. The government mobilised it in a conventional way to represent the resourcing of the water supply. Countering this, domestic water users associated “cost” with a direct impact on their own resources and lives. Thus, an entity usually associated with the economic realm was embroiled in political processes, with much of what they were supposed to represent becoming invisible. Thus the authors observed accounting concepts being mobilised to support the gaining of a specific political ends, the implementation of domestic billing, rather than as part of the means to implement a sustainable water supply within Ireland. Research limitations/implications This research has some limitations, one being the authors draw on secondary data. However, the research does provide a detailed base from which to continue to study a new water utility over time. Originality/value This study demonstrates the complications that can occur when accounting concepts are associated with gaining of a political ends rather than as a means in the process of trying to achieve a sustainable water supply. Further, the process saw the creation of a new utility, which is a rare occurrence in the developed world, and a water utility even more so; this study demonstrates the role accounting concepts can have in this creation.

scholarly journals Small town water services sustainability checks: development and application in Ethiopia

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Adank ◽  
Sam Godfrey ◽  
John Butterworth ◽  
Eyob Defere
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract With rising coverage figures and the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is increasing attention given to assessing and monitoring the sustainability of water services. Previous efforts in the rural water supply sector have included the development of sustainability checks, while in the urban water supply sector, benchmarking of water services and the performance of utilities has become common practice. This paper argues that neither rural sustainability checks, nor urban benchmarking frameworks, are entirely suitable for monitoring small town water services. It presents a framework specifically developed and applied for assessing and monitoring small town water services. Application of the framework in seven small towns in Ethiopia shows significant discrepancies between the ideal and actual situations. It reveals specific challenges related to sustainable small town water service provision, including capacity at service provider (utility) level, asset management and regulation. The costs of sustainability checks and prospects for uptake as project and wider sector tools are discussed.

scholarly journals Portrait of a successful small-town water service provider in Nepal's changing landscape

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna-Leena Rautanen ◽  
Pamela White
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Water Service

Abstract This study was made in Nepal's Tarai plains, where rapid population growth over the past decade has transformed a large number of rural bazaars and roadside hubs into vibrant small towns. This study draws a portrait of a distinctly successful small-town water supply scheme and its service provider, the Murgia Water Users and Sanitation Association. Exploring this particular case with regards to social, technological, financial and organisational systems, and by comparing the performance of this case against 63 other water service providers in Nepal, the study asks: how could there be more of this type of successful water service provider? This scheme was constructed during the bilateral Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Support Programme Phase III, Nepal-Finland cooperation (1999–2005), using the typical rural approach, namely community management, with strong capacity building. Since then the service modality in this study case has evolved towards a professional community-managed service delivery. The success is rooted in good water governance principles: participation, responsiveness, financial transparency, accountability and overall strong commitment and vision, as well as strong technical assistance. They have resulted in re-investment in both the capital maintenance expenditure and into new infrastructure, even into an entirely new water supply scheme.

Institutional challenges in water supply and sanitation in Pakistan: revealing the gap between national policy and local experience

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahadar Nawab ◽  
Ingrid L. P. Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

The dismal situation of water supply and sanitation in many developing countries including Pakistan is increasingly blamed on unrealistic policy, ineffective implementation and lack of local participation. This paper aims to understand Pakistan's current and proposed water supply and sanitation institutions in the light of historical and ongoing practices and perceptions of relevant actors. The relevant institutions of the government, their service provision and policy formulation and implementation processes were examined and compared with the field data. An actor-oriented approach, open-ended interviews, group discussions with relevant actors and participant observation were used for data collection. Wide gaps were found between local people's needs, desires and expectations and government policies and services, between people's practices and historical and proposed institutions, and between local people's and policy-makers' understanding of the issues. The study warrants the formulation of realistic and people-centred water supply and sanitation institutions and engaging local actors in the processes. Along with regulatory mechanisms, the findings argue for the use of cognitive and normative instruments in the implementation of policies while tailor-making solutions to local culture, working together with local actors, rather than imposing solutions on them.

Resilient urbanization and infrastructure governance: the case of the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority, 1993–2007

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Spencer ◽  
Bunnarith Meng
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Government

Abstract After years of civil war, Cambodia began to focus on reconstruction and the development of its much-needed infrastructure across the country in the early 1990s. While most government institutions at the capital/provincial levels were crippled, the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority (PPWSA) was able to provide excellent water service to most of the capital's residents, even the extremely poor. This case represents a traditional utility that was able to creatively experiment with new management practices and solicit community involvement in the administration of its work. It also illustrates the fact that under certain conditions, urban water services can actually generate revenues to subsidize other functions of the government. Specifically, it provides a useful illustration of a resilient governance of infrastructure able to adapt to rapidly changing and challenging circumstances.

scholarly journals Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities for Strategic Sustainable Domestic Water Management. A Case of Iringa Region In Tanzania

J ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-466
Author(s):  
Mesia Lufingo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Mandatory Service ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Water supply is a mandatory service for the majority from respective legal public water utilities, and its sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at a local level. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity management and (ii) propose a sustainable domestic water management strategy. This was achieved through secondary water data trends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of water supply and sanitation authorities, and assessment of their performances. It was observed that water supplied in rural-based authorities was quite different from that supplied in an urban setting as far as quality and quantity are concerned; urban-based supplies are more affordable to users than rural ones. A new strategy on water management is presented for sustainable water supply; it is based on controlling groundwater abstractions and preference of surface water in public water supplies. Rural water supply management must learn several practices realized in urban supplies for the betterment of services for the majority of the users.

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