scholarly journals "Strangers Still More Strange": The Meaning of Rivers Bedeviled

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-75
Author(s):  
T.S. McMillin

Steamboats transformed rivers in 19th-century United States, providing what many people considered a kind of mastery over nature. In literature from the period, while most writers marveled at or exulted in that perceived mastery, some questioned the origins of the reputed conquest. Did it result from human ingenuity? divine inspiration? a deal with the devil? Amid all the fog, smoke, and various other vapors associated with the steamboat, vivid stories, compelling dramas, and comic searches for meaning took shape, and no literary work captured the tension informing, uncertainty surrounding, and ramifications emerging from this instance of technological innovation as powerfully as The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade (1857). Herman Melville’s last novel, The Confidence-Man explores the author’s notion that “Books of fiction” can perhaps give readers more truth, “more reality, than real life can show.” Literature, for Melville, was an opportunity to reconsider the nature of things and our means of understanding that nature. In The Confidence-Man, he presented readers with a different view of the Mississippi River and the curious vessels working its waters. The novel imagined The Devil himself to be on board the steamboat, imperiling the soul of America.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Desy Nur Indrasari ◽  
Fathu Rahman ◽  
Herawaty Abbas

The aim of this research is to describe middle class women role in the 19th century in Bronte’s novel, Wuthering Heights, and induce a deeper understanding of effect each role on two characters in society. This research is a qualitative descriptive method using sociological approach. By using sociology of literature, a literary work is seen as a document of social. The data of this research collected from the descriptions and utterances of the characters and narrator in the novel. The result in this research shows that the role of women from the middle class were represented by the characters of the novel known as Catherine Earnshaw Linton, the main female protagonist and the motherless child and also Catherine (Cathy) Linton, daughter of Catherine Earnshaw Linton.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2 (11)) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Manana Dalalyan ◽  
Hasmik Mkrtchyan

One of the underlying functions of any piece of literary work is its aesthetic impact on the reader. The Picture of Dorian Gray by O. Wilde has completely fulfilled its aesthetic mission from the 19th century onwards. The ideological basis of the novel heavily rests upon paradoxes which make the speech of the author and his attitude to the external world and its established traditions more impressive.Paradox is also an aesthetic category which is expressed through contrasts, juxtaposition, parallel constructions, descending gradation. Sometimes the same phrase can be viewed from the perspective of several means of expression.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Immerwahr

The Ugly American, published in 1958, was a literary blockbuster that offered a powerful vision of how the United States should fight communism in Asia. Yet despite the textual simplicity of the novel, it had a complex and layered backstory. Its characters were not wholly fictional but were based on real-life models, whose work in Asia laid the backdrop for the novel’s vignettes. Adding an additional layer of complexity, two of those models lived covert lives—one as a closeted gay man working with the Central Intelligence Agency (cia), another as a cia officer tasked with putting down peasant insurgencies—that belied their public images.


2022 ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
Isabel Vaz de Freitas ◽  
Helena Albuquerque

This study aims to analyse the novel O Arco de Sant'Ana, by Almeida Garrett, one of the most important Portuguese writers of the 19th century. O Arco de Sant'Ana is a historical novel that describes a medieval narrative that is used as a context and emphasis for the presentation of the author's liberal ideas of his time. Using geographical information system as a methodological tool, a literary cartographic analysis will be conducted by identifying places, streets as well as tangible and intangible heritage, described in the novel. Several analyses will be performed to pinpoint the places where the medieval narrative occurs, transposing them to the current urban map. In this way, it should be possible to overlay the literary landscape onto the present map of Porto to offer the tourist a new product based on a journey through time based on the writer's literary work.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Siti Syarah Kamilah Arifin ◽  
Yadi Mardiansyah ◽  
Ajang Jamjam

Abstract: The process of communication, not only happening in real life, but in the literary work of which one of them in the form of a novel also have conversations between characters who are one with another. Such a process of communication takes place in Aulad Haratina's novel episode of Rifa'at by Najib Mahfudz. In the novel, there are a number of speeches that violate the principle of cooperation. The violation indicates a conversational implicature. The purpose of this research is to know the form of violation of cooperative principle contained in the novel Aulad Haratina episode of Rifa'at by Najib Mahfudz and to know the implicatur which happened due to violation of the principle of cooperation. The method used in this research is analytical descriptive method. The technique used in data collection is the technique of referring, and the method used to analyze the data using the method of extralingual padan, that is connecting the problem of language with things that are outside the language. The approach used in this research is pragmatic approach. Using these methods and techniques, the results of the research revealed that in Aulad Haratina's novel episode Rifa'at there is a violation of the principle of cooperation that includes violations of the maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, the maxim of relevance, and the maxim of the way or execution. These violations create conversational implicatures that include: Interrupted, Calming, Informing, Feeling Disappointed, Affirming, Reassuring, Respecting, Rejecting, Evading, Asking for Compassion, Feeling Good, Reminding, Humiliating, Defending, Pleading, Irritating, Asking for Advice, Praising, Taunting, Blaming, Not Caring, Anger, Complaining, Threatening.ملخص البحث: لا يقع التواصل في الحياة الحقيقة فحسب، بل في الإنتاج الأدبي كذلك، منها القصة. وهو يقع التواصل في المحادثة بين طبيعة الرواية. وقع هذا التواصل في قصة أولاد حرتنا حلقة رفاعة لنجيب محفوظ. وجد الكلام المخالف للمبدأ التعاوني. كان انتهاك يدل على وجود تضمين الكلام.أغراض هذا البحث هى معرفة انتهاك قواعد المبدأ التعاوني في قصة أولاد حرتنا حلقة رفاعة لنجيب محفوظ و معرفة التضمين الذي يظهر بسبب انتهاك قواعد المبدأ التعاوني في قصة أولاد حرتنا حلقة رفاعة لنجيب محفوظ.المنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. و الطريقة المستخدمة في جمع البيانات هى منهج الملاحظة و التسجيل (Simak Catat) و في تحليل البيانات، مستخدمة منهج مباراة اللغات إضافية هى من خلال ربط مشاكل اللغة مع الأشياء التي خارج اللغة. و المدخل المستخدم في هذا البحث هو الدراسة التداولية. باستخدام المنهج و الطريقة السابقة، وجدت نتيجة البحث كما يلي، هو ان في قصة أولاد حرتنا حلقة رفاعة وجد انتهاك  قواعد المبدأ التعاوني مثل انتهاك في قاعدة الكم و النوع و الملائمة و الطريقة. و ظهر تضمين الكلام من ذلك الانتهاك، مثل المشوش و التهديئ و الاخبار و خيبة الأمل و التصريح و التصديق و الاحترام و الرفض و الابتعاد و طلب الرحمة و التذكير والاعتقاد و الاحتقار و دفاع النفس و الطلب و الغضب والاقتراح و المدح و التغريب و التغليط و الإهمال و الغضب و  التأوه و التهديد.Abstrak: Proses komunikasi, tidak hanya terjadi dalam kehidupan nyata, tetapi dalam karya sastra yang salah satunya berbentuk novel juga melakukan percakapan antar tokoh yang satu dengan yang lain. Proses komunikasi seperti itu terjadi dalam novel Aulad Haratina episode Rifa’at karya Najib Mahfudz. Dalam novel tersebut, terdapat sejumlah tuturan yang melanggar prinsip kerja sama. Pelanggaran tersebut menunjukkan adanya implikatur percakapan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama yang terdapat dalam novel Aulad Haratina episode Rifa’at karya Najib Mahfudz dan mengetahui implikatur yang terjadi akibat pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitik. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data ialah teknik simak catat, dan metode yang dilakukan untuk menganalisis data menggunakan metode padan ekstralingual, yaitu menghubungkan masalah bahasa dengan hal yang berada di luar bahasa. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan pragmatik. Dengan menggunakan metode dan teknik tersebut, hasil penelitian yang terungkap adalah bahwa dalam novel Aulad Haratina episode Rifa’at terdapat pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama yang meliputi pelanggaran terhadap maksim kuantitas, maksim kualita, maksim relevansi, dan maksim cara atau pelaksanaan. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran tersebut memunculkan implikatur percakapan yang meliputi: Terganggu, Menenangkan, Memberitahukan, Merasa Kecewa, Menegaskan, Meyakinkan, Menghormati, Menolak, Menghindar, Meminta Belas Kasih, Merasa Senang, Mengingatkan, Menghina, Membela Diri, Memohon, Kesal, Meminta Saran, Memuji, Mengejek, Menyalahkan, Tidak Peduli, Marah, Mengeluh, Mengancam.


Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Le Glaunec ◽  
Nathalie Dessens

Founded in 1718 by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, the city of La Nouvelle-Orléans was named in honor of the French Regent Philippe, Duc d’Orléans. In 1722, it became the capital of the then-French colony of Louisiana. After four decades of French rule, it was ceded to Spain, at the end of the Seven Years’ War, in 1762. Almost four decades later, in 1800, it was briefly (and secretly) retroceded to France before the latter, faced with defeat in neighboring Saint-Domingue, sold it to the United States in 1803, turning La Nouvelle-Orléans into New Orleans. Throughout the eighty-five years of its colonial history, it remained a small frontier town, with a population of about 8,000 in 1805. Its integration to the United States marked the beginning of its expansion, favored by its ideal position at the mouth of the Mississippi River, at the confluence of the main riverway of the young American republic and the Gulf of Mexico, a position which permitted exchanges of products and people between the United States, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic. Receiving large contingents of migrants (free and forced) from the eastern part of the United States, the Caribbean (especially the “refugees” from the Haitian Revolution), Europe (France, in particular, throughout the first half of the 19th century), and Africa (until the closing of the Atlantic slave trade), it grew to 102,193 inhabitants by 1840, then becoming the third-largest city in the United States. Its specific colonial past and singular evolution in the early American period account for its complex status in the 19th-century United States. Because it relied on the institution of slavery, it was a city of the South in the forty-year sectional confrontation that eventually tore the country apart in 1860. The presence of a significant population of free people of color, often educated, politically conscious, and socially and economically active, however, made it depart from the usual Southern pattern. Moreover, its existence as one of the main port cities of the United States, its cosmopolitanism, and its multilingualism made it follow a development pattern closer to that of the Atlantic port cities of the northeastern United States. After the Civil War, it became the spearhead of the civil rights movement, under the lead of the politically conscious, culturally, socially, and sometimes economically influential population of color that had been free before the Civil War. When the 19th century closed, New Orleans became an American city of the segregated South and its Atlantic destiny ended.


Prospects ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 285-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Gilfoyle

Standing on Centre Street in Lower Manhattan in the fall of 1894, the pickpocket and confidence man George Appo felt at tap on his shoulder. “Hello! You are just the fellow I want to see,” announced the criminal attorney and former pugilist Edmund E. Price. “What are you doing now?” Unbeknownst to Appo, he was about to make history.The ex-convict admitted that he was looking for work. Price quickly made a proposal. In addition to representing some of New York's leading underworld figures — indeed Appo was a former client — Price envisioned himself as a playwright and songwriter. He had recently authored a melodrama based on the 1885 murder of confidence man Theodore “The” Davis. After attempting to swindle several thousand dollars from Texas sheriff James T. Holland, Davis was shot dead by the angry Texan. The case attracted national attention, in part because it exposed the national scope of the green goods game, arguably the most profitable con game in the 19th-century United States. Despite the daily media attention, Holland remained silent for five months until he testified on his own behalf. Price not only defended Holland; he engineered his acquittal.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatik Muflihah

Conflict is a situation frequently occurs in people’s lives. The source of conflict is usually originated from a personal and interpersonal misunderstanding in a relationship and poor communication. As a part of human’s creativity, literary work sometimes reflects people problematic life. One of those is internal and external conflict faced by the main character of the novel Love the One You’re With by Emily Giffin. This paper aims at investigating the conflicts faced by the main character of the novel and the strategy used to resolve those. The result of the study shows that the main character of the novel faced both internal and external conflicts. The internal is the conflict of Ellen and her own mind when she run into her true love and her real life as a wife. It becomes a conflict as she trapped and started to hesitate her own self whether go along with her emotional love or go back to her husband. The external conflicts occur between Ellen and all the characters of the novel. Thus, the main character of the novel had a complicated struggle to save her marriage live.


ATAVISME ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Christina Dewi

Max Havelaar is a literary work by Multatuli, a.k.a. E.E. Douwes Dekker. This novel is usually known as a novel with an anti-colonial image. While in the other hand, this novel never suggests to stop colonialism done by Dutch in Hindia Belanda. This research aims at revealing the relationship between colonialism's views with its innovation of narrative technique in this novel. The first analysis is trying to do a focalization on MH. The writer wants to do it because MH presents an argument about the essence of colonialism in Hindia Belanda through opinions and views from three focalizations. MH uniquely uses three focalizers and its uniqueness is shown by Stern as a narrator-fokalizer in the Lebak Episode. Although Stern is one of the characters in the novel, it gives the impression that Stern is in a neutral position. He takes place in the middle-position between the two other character-focalizers. However, since he is one of the characters in this novel, his focalization is not perfectly neutral in the manner of inviting the readers to support the attitude of Multatuli, Readers are confronted to make a choice between the war of anticolonial or procolonial interests and to support either one of the two character-fokulizers : Multatuli or Droogstoppcl. The orientalism theory has been applied to conduct focalization in the novel as the research object.. The novel characterizes Multatuli and Stern as opposing figures against the forced labor while Droogstoppcl, on the other hand, as a figure who is supporting forced labor of the coffee trade. MH strove for labors to earn proper wages so that the issue about the procedures of cultuur-stelsel has a special place in MH. Anti-colonial traits are shown by a rejection of low wages, oppression, robbery, injustice, mistreating, and discrimination. This novel is influencing the colonial hegemony of the competition of industrial products among colonized countries in Europe in the 19th century. That is why liberation values in MH restricted only to the liberation of the labor class from capitalists and people from low-classes from tyrants. This novel does not discuss political liberation


LITERA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Efendi

This research objective is to describe two things, namely (1) the manifestations ofalienation and (2) characterization elements employed to describe human alienationin Pol, a novel by Putu Wijaya. These two things are related to the worldview adoptedby Putu Wijaya as a writer in response to the sociohistoricalcondition in society.The source of the data in this study was Putu Wijaya’s Pol (the first impression,1987). The data were collected through reading and recording. The data analysiscovered two aspects, namely (1) the structural aspect, and (2) the genetic aspect of theliterary work, the writer’s worldview. The validity was assessed through semanticvalidity and the reliability was assessed by reading and rereading (intraraterreliability).On the basis of the research findings and analysis, some inferences can be made.First, alienation in Pol on the basis of its manifestations can be classified into threecategories, namely (a) loneliness, (b) spiritual emptiness, and (c) disappointment.Second, characters’ alienation symptoms are expressed through characterizationelements, comprising (a) the writer’ s description of characters, (b) characters’thoughts, (c) characters’ actions, and (d) minor characters’ reactions to the maincharacter. A literary work as a life model or an alternative world is always relatedto the real life. In the novel, Putu Wijaya posits himself as a photographer of thesociety’s life.


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