Pelanggaran Prinsip Kerja Sama dan Implikaturnyadalam Novel Aulad Haratina Episode Rifaat Karya Najib Mahfudz (Kajian Pragmatik)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Siti Syarah Kamilah Arifin ◽  
Yadi Mardiansyah ◽  
Ajang Jamjam

Abstract: The process of communication, not only happening in real life, but in the literary work of which one of them in the form of a novel also have conversations between characters who are one with another. Such a process of communication takes place in Aulad Haratina's novel episode of Rifa'at by Najib Mahfudz. In the novel, there are a number of speeches that violate the principle of cooperation. The violation indicates a conversational implicature. The purpose of this research is to know the form of violation of cooperative principle contained in the novel Aulad Haratina episode of Rifa'at by Najib Mahfudz and to know the implicatur which happened due to violation of the principle of cooperation. The method used in this research is analytical descriptive method. The technique used in data collection is the technique of referring, and the method used to analyze the data using the method of extralingual padan, that is connecting the problem of language with things that are outside the language. The approach used in this research is pragmatic approach. Using these methods and techniques, the results of the research revealed that in Aulad Haratina's novel episode Rifa'at there is a violation of the principle of cooperation that includes violations of the maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, the maxim of relevance, and the maxim of the way or execution. These violations create conversational implicatures that include: Interrupted, Calming, Informing, Feeling Disappointed, Affirming, Reassuring, Respecting, Rejecting, Evading, Asking for Compassion, Feeling Good, Reminding, Humiliating, Defending, Pleading, Irritating, Asking for Advice, Praising, Taunting, Blaming, Not Caring, Anger, Complaining, Threatening.ملخص البحث: لا يقع التواصل في الحياة الحقيقة فحسب، بل في الإنتاج الأدبي كذلك، منها القصة. وهو يقع التواصل في المحادثة بين طبيعة الرواية. وقع هذا التواصل في قصة أولاد حرتنا حلقة رفاعة لنجيب محفوظ. وجد الكلام المخالف للمبدأ التعاوني. كان انتهاك يدل على وجود تضمين الكلام.أغراض هذا البحث هى معرفة انتهاك قواعد المبدأ التعاوني في قصة أولاد حرتنا حلقة رفاعة لنجيب محفوظ و معرفة التضمين الذي يظهر بسبب انتهاك قواعد المبدأ التعاوني في قصة أولاد حرتنا حلقة رفاعة لنجيب محفوظ.المنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. و الطريقة المستخدمة في جمع البيانات هى منهج الملاحظة و التسجيل (Simak Catat) و في تحليل البيانات، مستخدمة منهج مباراة اللغات إضافية هى من خلال ربط مشاكل اللغة مع الأشياء التي خارج اللغة. و المدخل المستخدم في هذا البحث هو الدراسة التداولية. باستخدام المنهج و الطريقة السابقة، وجدت نتيجة البحث كما يلي، هو ان في قصة أولاد حرتنا حلقة رفاعة وجد انتهاك  قواعد المبدأ التعاوني مثل انتهاك في قاعدة الكم و النوع و الملائمة و الطريقة. و ظهر تضمين الكلام من ذلك الانتهاك، مثل المشوش و التهديئ و الاخبار و خيبة الأمل و التصريح و التصديق و الاحترام و الرفض و الابتعاد و طلب الرحمة و التذكير والاعتقاد و الاحتقار و دفاع النفس و الطلب و الغضب والاقتراح و المدح و التغريب و التغليط و الإهمال و الغضب و  التأوه و التهديد.Abstrak: Proses komunikasi, tidak hanya terjadi dalam kehidupan nyata, tetapi dalam karya sastra yang salah satunya berbentuk novel juga melakukan percakapan antar tokoh yang satu dengan yang lain. Proses komunikasi seperti itu terjadi dalam novel Aulad Haratina episode Rifa’at karya Najib Mahfudz. Dalam novel tersebut, terdapat sejumlah tuturan yang melanggar prinsip kerja sama. Pelanggaran tersebut menunjukkan adanya implikatur percakapan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama yang terdapat dalam novel Aulad Haratina episode Rifa’at karya Najib Mahfudz dan mengetahui implikatur yang terjadi akibat pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitik. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data ialah teknik simak catat, dan metode yang dilakukan untuk menganalisis data menggunakan metode padan ekstralingual, yaitu menghubungkan masalah bahasa dengan hal yang berada di luar bahasa. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan pragmatik. Dengan menggunakan metode dan teknik tersebut, hasil penelitian yang terungkap adalah bahwa dalam novel Aulad Haratina episode Rifa’at terdapat pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama yang meliputi pelanggaran terhadap maksim kuantitas, maksim kualita, maksim relevansi, dan maksim cara atau pelaksanaan. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran tersebut memunculkan implikatur percakapan yang meliputi: Terganggu, Menenangkan, Memberitahukan, Merasa Kecewa, Menegaskan, Meyakinkan, Menghormati, Menolak, Menghindar, Meminta Belas Kasih, Merasa Senang, Mengingatkan, Menghina, Membela Diri, Memohon, Kesal, Meminta Saran, Memuji, Mengejek, Menyalahkan, Tidak Peduli, Marah, Mengeluh, Mengancam.

Author(s):  
Dheril Sofia Nanda

Discourses on revealing meanings in utterances are widely discussed in some fields of linguistics, semantics, presupposition, and implicature. This study is an example of how implicature is employed in a novel, which is a depiction of real life conversation. The aims of this study are to reveal the use of implicature in a novel by using Grice’s cooperative principle framework and to entangle the implied meanings in the conversations in terms of their maxim arrangement. Qualitative research design was used in this study. The result of the study shows that there are two kinds of implicature, namely generalized and particularized conversational implicature. It is also found that there are five patterns of maxims organization in generalized conversational implicatures and four patterns of maxims organization in particularized conversational implicatures.Keywords: implicature, conversational implicature, generalized implicature, particularized implicature, cooperative principle


Author(s):  
Indah Sari Lubis

This study deals with the conversational implicatures on Indonesia Lawyers Club program on TV One. The objectives of the study are (1) to observe the types of maxim violation potentially cause conversational implicature, (2) to ascertain the maxim violation that dominantly causes conversation implicatures, (3) to give the reasons of the dominant type of violation that causes conversational that causes conversational implicatures on Indonesia Lawyers Club program by using Gricean Theory of Cooperative Principle. The study is conducted by qualitative content analysis. The findings of the study are, (1) there are four types of maxim violations as maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of manner, and maxim of relevance, (2) the dominant type of maxim violation appeared is maxim quantity and (3) the reasons of the dominant type deal with, to show up pain and core of the problem to the audience, to save one face, to defend certain group and blame the government.Keywords: conversational implicature, cooperative principle, maxim violation, Indonesia Lawyers Club


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Ismiati Ismiati

This study aims to analyze the types of implicature and flouting maxims and the reasons for doing the flouting in Taliwang Dialect. It applied the descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by recording natural conversations among the natives of Taliwang Dialect. It was found two types of implicature, namely, Generalized Conversational Implicature (GCI) and Particularized Conversational Implicatures (PCI). In GCI, the speaker and interlocutor could easily understand the conveyed utterances because they mostly used general statements which are commonly spoken in the Taliwang dialect. In PCI, both speaker and the interlocutor needed a particular knowledge to understand each other because of the flouting maxim. Some speakers or hearers in PCI often break the maxim in a conversation due to some reasons such as accepting untrue or lie information, receiving more information than the needed information, getting irrelevant information and having unclear or ambiguous information.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Esra Juniati Op.Sunggu ◽  
Afriana Afriana

This research was made based on the number of people making mistakes in communicating in the social environment. Some errors in communication often result in ambiguity, due to the delivery of unclear information. Related to the topic the researcher made the research that analyze the flouting maxims in Wonder Woman movie and find the reason why the characters flouted the maxims by using the theory of Grice (1975).  This research used qualitative descriptive method by Sudaryanto (2015) to analyze data. The results of the research showed that there were 12 data which were flouting maxims namely 1 data flouting maxim of quality, 2 data flouting maxim quantity, 2 data flouting maxim manner and 7 data were flouting maxim relations. The conclusion based on the results of this research is that all the characters in Wonder Woman movie was flouted all of the maxims, it can be seen from the result of analyzed the data, especially in the main character. The most frequently flouting maxim is maxim relation. Keywords: Communication, Cooperative Principle, Flouting Maxim.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Haifa Nassar ◽  
Abdusalam Al-Ghrafy

English, as a communication tool, is playing an extremely significant role in cross-cultural communication. While it is true that language users can mean exactly what they mean in their utterances, it is also true that they can have their utterances mean much more than what they say.  Speakers of English choose to speak indirectly, and that using conversational implicatures is a way to be indirect. This research paper examined the perception of English conversational implicatures among Yemeni EFL university learners. It followed an empirical analytical-descriptive method consisting of a test and an interview. The study subjects were 62 Yemeni EFL university learners. A multiple-choice discourse completion test and an interview were used for collecting the study data. The test contains six types of conversational implicature: Stating, Tautology, Rhetorical Question, Understatement, Indirect Refusal and Indirect Request. All the implicatures included in the test were adapted from the study related literature, whereas most of the test scenarios containing these implicatures were ready-made ones that the researcher came across throughout her reading. The results revealed that these implicatures were found easy by Yemeni EFL university learners to understand.


Author(s):  
Nurina Ulfa

Abstract This research discusses the politeness strategies and cooperative principle used by the characters in the movie entitled ‘Wonder’. The data of analysis come from the utterances of the characters which are described in descriptive method. The writer used politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and cooperation principle advised by Grice (1975) to analyze the data. The results show that the characters in the movie used four kinds of strategies from Brown and Levinson (1987), those are bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off record. The utterances in the movie proves the violation of four maxims namely maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relevance and maxim of manner. As the conclusion, positive politeness is used the most among the characters because it shows their closeness in social distance.   Keywords: Politeness strategies, positive politeness, negative politeness  


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-293
Author(s):  
Kadek Adyatna Wedananta ◽  
◽  
Putu Kerti Nitiasih ◽  
Atima Kaewsa-ard ◽  
◽  
...  

As a lecturer in a business class, it might be interesting to dig deep to advertisement slogan embedded with sexual content like Condoms advertisement. This advertisement uses implicit language in the way they promote the product because it mostly leads to free sex. Therefore, the phenomenon of advertisers creatively uses the implicit slogans to attract their customers about their product might be interesting to discuss. This study aims to investigate the use of conversational implicature and the violation of cooperative principle or maxims occurred in condoms advertisement slogan and investigate the perception of business class students toward the analysis of this advertisement slogan to learn. It was descriptive qualitative research with 15 condoms advertisement slogans to be analyzed and 15 business class students to be interviewed. The result came with 100% particularized implicature used, 100% of violating of maxim of quantity, 100% of violating of maxim manner, 73 % of violating maxim of quality, and no violation in maxim of relevance. In conclusion, advertisers are using particularized implicature and violation of some cooperative principles or maxims to avoid informative messages in promoting their product (condom) which is banned in their advertisement rule. However, the advertisers keep making the slogans relevant to the products, so that some particular people can easily understand the message conveyed by the slogans. Moreover, the business class students agreed that this analysis should be important to learn because they will work as an entrepreneur who thinks about utterances in creating slogans for advertisement, especially sexual content. Further research should analyze more slogans in sexual content and use more techniques of analysis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Desy Nur Indrasari ◽  
Fathu Rahman ◽  
Herawaty Abbas

The aim of this research is to describe middle class women role in the 19th century in Bronte’s novel, Wuthering Heights, and induce a deeper understanding of effect each role on two characters in society. This research is a qualitative descriptive method using sociological approach. By using sociology of literature, a literary work is seen as a document of social. The data of this research collected from the descriptions and utterances of the characters and narrator in the novel. The result in this research shows that the role of women from the middle class were represented by the characters of the novel known as Catherine Earnshaw Linton, the main female protagonist and the motherless child and also Catherine (Cathy) Linton, daughter of Catherine Earnshaw Linton.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Faizal Risdianto

The title of this paper is a conversational implicature analysis on Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. In this paper, the writer discusses conversational implicature in one of Oscar Wilde’s short stories entitled “Happy Prince”. The objectives of the study are to identify the implicature utterances conveyed by the characters in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince” and to describe the implied meaning uttered by the characters in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. In this study, the writer applies qualitative research method. The objects of this study are ten utterances of conversational implicature in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. Those conversational implicature are obtained through frequent reading and analysis. This study employed the researcher as the instrument to find adequate and profound data and analyze them. The procedures and steps that have been used in this research are: (1) the provision of data, (2) data classification, (3) and data analysis. In analyzing the data, the writer uses Gricean theory. It is a theory about conversational implicature generated by four maxims. Those are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner. Then the last step is (4) the presentation of data analysis. After conducting the research, the writer found ten conversational implicatures in Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince”. In the short story, there are some variation’s meanings of the conversational implicature used in the short story which closely related to the conversational implicature; they are cooperative, politeness and ironical principle. In Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince”, there are six maxims of politeness principle, two maxims of cooperative principles and two maxims of ironical principles. Besides that, the reasons of the conversational implicature used in Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince” are to make us easyly understand the dialogue in the short story conversations and it is aimed at minimizing misunderstanding among the readers and literary critics.Keywords: Conversational Implicature; Maxims; Gricean Theory; Short Story


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Yufei Ren ◽  
Gang Cui

The studies of conversational implicature mainly focus on discourse analysis, but relatively few studies are from psychological perspective. This paper aims to investigate how specific words and silence of the masterpiece The Great Gatsby manifest conversational implicatures related to psychological states. The paper is based on the corpus of chapter seven from The Great Gatsby, with high frequency words (i.e. ‘the’, ‘and’, ‘well’, ‘heat’) selected quantitatively in statistics using corpus linguistics methods such as segmentation, clustering, and frequency. The analysis of examples extracted from the novel could manifest that specific words as well as silence are psychologically adequate for conversational implicatures. The psychological accounts of conversational implicature are convincing in the novel, not only rendering it a masterpiece but also leading us to the inquiry of psychologically-based implicatures.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document