The efficacy of cleaning and disinfection on pig farms

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify biosecurity practices associated negative status (-) for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), and swine influenza virus (SIV) in pig farms. Biosecurity practices were assessed using the Biocheck.UGentTM questionnaire in 54 Irish farrow-to-finish pig farms. For each farm, a batch of pigs was observed at slaughter and blood samples were collected from 32 randomly selected pigs per farm at exsanguination. Serology analysis was performed using IDEXX ELISA kits and farms were classified with either positive or negative status for each of the respiratory diseases. Data were analysed using univariable logistic regression in PROC GENMOD of SAS v9.4. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) and their associated 95% confidence interval (CI). Regularly cleaning materials used for disease treatment between litters (OR=8.2, CI=0.97-69.87), cleaning driving boards (OR=5.5, CI=1.07-28.20) and a maximal density of 3 pigs/m2 in the nursery were associated (P< 0.05) with an increased likelihood of MHYO(-). The feeding company meeting special hygienic requirements (OR=3.84, CI=1.14-12.95) and a strict all-in-all-out management in each finishing room (OR=3.84, CI=1.14-12.95) were associated (P< 0.05) with an increased likelihood of PRRSv(-). However, having disinfection baths between each room (OR=0.20, CI=0.06-0.68) and footbaths installed at the entrance of each building (OR=0.15, CI=0.04-0.52) were associated (P< 0.05) with decreased likelihood of PRRSv(-). Only allowing visitors’ access to the farm from a hygiene lock (OR=4.41, CI=1.04-18.71), and minimal piglet handling during lactation were associated with an increased likelihood of SIV(-) (P< 0.05). Results indicate that biosecurity practices regarding cleaning and disinfection and animal management are the most associated with a negative farm status for respiratory disease. It is possible that the biosecurity practices implemented in farms with lower likelihood for negative status were applied in a more ‘reactionary’ than ‘preventive’ manner.

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Efficacy of cleaning and disinfection on pig farms in Ireland

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.161.11.371 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 161 (11) ◽

pp. 371-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

C. Mannion ◽

F. C. Leonard ◽

P. B. Lynch ◽

J. Egan

Keyword(s):

Pig Farms ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection

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Implementation and evaluation of different eradication strategies for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-020-00162-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Willem Neirynck ◽

Filip Boyen ◽

Ilias Chantziaras ◽

Tamara Vandersmissen ◽

Philip Vyt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Rodent Control ◽

Eradication Programme ◽

Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽

Pig Farms ◽

Before And After ◽

Mlst Type ◽

High Level ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection

Abstract Background Brachyspira infections are causing major losses to the pig industry and lead to high antimicrobial use. Treatment of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae infections may be problematic due to the high level of antimicrobial resistance. The present study implemented and evaluated farm-specific eradication programmes for B. hyodysenteriae in 10 different infected pig farms in Belgium. Results Ten pig farms clinically infected with B. hyodysenteriae volunteered to implement a farm-specific eradication programme. The programme depended on the farm and management characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility of the B. hyodysenteriae strain and the motivation of the farmer. Two farms practiced total depopulation, six farms partial depopulation and two farms antimicrobial medication without depopulation. In addition, all farms implemented biosecurity measures, and faeces samples were tested for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae at 6, 9 and 12 months after the start of the program. Single Brachyspira isolates from before and after the programme were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Eradication was successful in four farms. Two of them (farrow-to-finish and finishing herd) had applied total depopulation and respected a vacancy period of at least 3 weeks. A third farm (gilt farm) practised partial depopulation, the rooms remained empty for 28 days and changed the source of breeding gilts. The fourth farm practised partial depopulation, the stables remained empty for 3 weeks, and used antimicrobial medication. The eradication programme was not successful in six farms. Two of the latter farms only used medication without partial depopulation. Four farms practiced partial depopulation, one of them combined it with antimicrobial medication. The cleaning and disinfection procedures, rodent control, stand-empty period and/or other biosecurity measures in the six farms were not always implemented properly. In two of three farms, isolates belonging to the same MLST type were found before and after eradication. Conclusions Total depopulation or partial depopulation combined with implementing strict biosecurity measures allowed eradication of B. hyodysenteriae from clinically infected pig farms. Programmes based on antimicrobials without depopulation or partial depopulation without strictly adhering to all suggested biosecurity measures were not successful. Stockmanship and motivation of the farmer to permanently maintain high biosecurity standards are essential for success.

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Evaluation of the cleansing and disinfection protocol of pig-breeding premises contaminated by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet9227 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (92) ◽

pp. 130-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. M. Masiuk ◽

O. I. Sosnztskyi ◽

A. V. Kokariev ◽

T. O. Vasilenko

Keyword(s):

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Tap Water ◽

Test Tube ◽

Physiological Solution ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Pig Farms ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection

The results of the determination of the efficiency of the cleaning and disinfection protocol of pig farms contaminated by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus are presented in this study. The research was conducted in the Scientific Research Center of Biosafety and Environmental Control AIC of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. The experimental part was carried out on the basis of a permanently infected pig breeding farm of the southern region of Ukraine. In order to determine the critical points, a selection of samples of washings/scraps from the surfaces of the pig farm’s premises and the objects of the environment was carried out before cleaning and disinfection and after 1 and 2 premises’ sanitation. A total of 204 tests were analyzed. Disinfection of the territory of pig farms and livestock premises was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Before disinfection, a thorough mechanical cleaning of livestock premises was carried out, with subsequent irrigation of all surfaces with cold tap water. Disinfection of premises and the territory of the pig complex was carried out by the wet cleaning of surfaces with a solution of disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde after preparatory operations in the absence of animals. After disinfection the premises were additionally processed with Ca(OH)2 solution. Washes were obtained with a sterile swab from a surface of 10.0 cm2 by inserting a swab into a test tube with a sterile physiological solution. Scraps from the surfaces were obtained with a disposable sterile blades from the scalpel. The obtained material was placed in disposable sterile plastic 1.5–2.0 cm3 test tubes. The study of the presence of the PEDV was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction with the previous reverse transcription of RNA. It was established that the causative agent of PED in a permanently infected farm contaminates most of the production and auxiliary premises and objects of the environment. The one-time cleaning and disinfection protocol does not allow free the farm from the PEDV completely. Only two-time sanitation of premises and objects of the environment with the laboratory control of the efficiency of cleaning and disinfection contributes to the effective eradication of the PEDV.

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C. Equipment Used in Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Examinations, and its Construction (Construction and Characteristics of Endoscope Equipment Relevant to Cleaning and Disinfection)

Digestive Endoscopy ◽

10.1046/j.1443-1661.2000.00056-3.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 373-375

Author(s):

Kazuei Ogoshi ◽

Taiji Akamatsu ◽

Hiroyasu Iishi ◽

Daizo Saito ◽

Nobuhiro Sakaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleaning And Disinfection

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PROBLEMS CAUSED BY SMALL PIG FARM ODOR AROUND THE WESTERN SONGKHLA LAKE BASIN

University Of Bengkulu Law Journal ◽

10.33369/ubelaj.v2i1.8008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Papontee Teeraphan

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Urgent Problem ◽

The Public ◽

Pig Farms ◽

Pig Farm ◽

The Government ◽

The Moment ◽

Source Of Information ◽

Proper Solutions

Pollution is currently a significant issue arising awareness throughout the world. In Thailand, pollution can often be seen in any part of the country. Air pollution is pointed as an urgent problem. This pollution has not damaged only to human health and lives, it has destroyed environment, and possibly leading to violence. In Phattalung, air pollution is affecting to the residents’ lives. Especially, when the residents who are mostly agriculturists have not managed the waste resulted from the farm. In Phattalung, at the moment, there are many pig farms, big and small. Some of them are only for consuming for a family, some, however, are being consumed for the business which pigs will be later purchased by big business companies. Therefore, concerning pollution, the researcher and the fund giver were keen to focus on the points of the air pollution of the small pig farms. This is because it has been said that those farms have not been aware on the pollution issue caused by the farms. Farm odor is very interesting which can probably lead to following problems. The researcher also hopes that this research can be used as a source of information by the government offices in order to be made even as a policy or a proper legal measurement. As the results, the study shows that, first, more than half of the samples had smelled the farm odor located nearby their communities, though it had not caused many offenses. Second, the majority had decided not to act or response in order to solve the odor problem, but some of them had informed the officers. The proper solutions in reducing offenses caused by pig farm odor were negotiation and mediation. Last, the majority does not perceive about the process under the Public Health Act B.E. 2535.

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