PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENDIAGNOSA PENYAKIT HEPATITIS DENGAN METODE CASE BASED REASONING (CBR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darsin Darsin ◽  
Mira Febriana Sesunan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Case Based

Penyakit Hepatitis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh beberapa jenis virus yang menyerang dan menyebabkan peradangan serta merusak sel-sel organ hati manusia. Hepatitis dikategorikan dalam beberapa golongan, diantaranya hepatitis A, B, C, D dan E. Hepatitis dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu hepatitis akut yang  berlangsung kurang dari 6 bulan ditularkan melalui fecal oral lewat makanan dan hepatitis kronis yang berlangsung lebih dari 6 bulan ditularkan lewat cairan parenrral, seksual, plasenta. Hepatitis akut terdiri dari virus hepatitis A dan virus hepatitis E, sedangkan hepatitis kronis terdiri dari virus hepatitis B dan virus hepatitis C. Di Indonesia penyakit Hepatitis yang paling banyak di derita adalah hepatitis A, B dan hepatitis C. Sedangkan mengidentifikasi serangan penyakit pemyakit hepatitis, dapat dilakukan dengan cara melihat fisik secara langsung pada setiap bagian tubuh, baik kulit, mata, air seni. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan identifikasi penyakit hepatitis A, B, C, D, E. Sistem penalaran komputer berbasis kasus case based reasoning (CBR) merupakan sistem yang bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan suatu kasus baru dengan cara mengadaptasi solusi-solusi yang terdapat kasus-kasus sebelumnya yang mirip dengan kasus baru tersebut.

scholarly journals Hepatitis viral en la gestación

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Pío Iván Gómez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Hepatitis Delta

La primera causa de ictericia en el embarazo es la hepatitis viral que puede ser causada por lo menos por cinco virus (A, B, C, D y E). El descubrimiento del virus de la hepatitis C y Delta prácticamente eliminó las antes denominadas Hepatitis No A No B y aún existe la posibilidad de descubrir nuevos virus.En este artículo se presenta un caso clínico de hepatitis B y se revisa etiología, diagnóstico, profilaxis y tratamiento de las diferentes hepatitis virales, haciendo énfasis en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y profilaxis del hijo de madre con hepatitis B, por la morbimortalidad que representa. Se revisa la hepatitis Delta, importante en Colombia, por tener zonas endémicas de este virus que requiere la infección previa o simultánea de hepatitis B. Por último se revisa la hepatitis E, de características similares a la hepatitis A, pero que afecta preferencialmente a la mujer gestante y en ella tiene mayor índice de morbimortalidad.

scholarly journals Biochemical Parameters in Common Viral Hepatitis

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ashraf-Uz-Zaman ◽  
Bilquis Ara Begum ◽  
Humaira Binte Asad ◽  
Shafia Sharmin Moutoshi ◽  
Md Nasiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Hepatitis D

Viral hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis viruses. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E. The aim of this study is to assess the biochemical parameters in viral hepatitis which varies with respect to the different types of viral hepatitis. Sex of the patient affected by Hepatitis A was almost similar in male and female, being 9 (45%) and 11 (55%) in respectively. But in contrast, more than eighty per cent (85%) Hepatitis-E affected population was male. Similar scenario was found in Hepatitis B And C infection (Male- 75%,67%, Female 25,35%). Mean value with standard deviation (±SD) of serum bilirubin level was highest in Hepatitis E (251 ± 125.19 ìmol/l). Value of serum ALT in hepatitis E was found to be 1794 U/l (highest), hepatitis B 1362 U/l hepatitis C are 135.45 U/L,. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (S.AST) is also raised in all types of vira hepatitis but more in Hepatitis E (765 U/l) and Hepatitis B (430 U/l). Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was raised significantly in Hepatitis B (240 U/l). The prothombin time was more altered in Hepatitis-E (22.7seconds) and Hepatitis-B (18.5 seconds). There was no significant alteration in serum protein level. So, it can be concluded that derangement of biochemical parameters in patients suffering from common types of viral hepatitis is more in HEV and HBV and comparatively less in HAV and HCV. Keywords: Viral hepatitis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4268 J Medicine 2010: 11: 42-45

scholarly journals An outbreak of acute jaundice syndrome (AJS) among the Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: Findings from enhanced epidemiological surveillance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250505
Author(s):  
Md Khadimul Anam Mazhar ◽  
Flavio Finger ◽  
Egmond Samir Evers ◽  
Anna Kuehne ◽  
Melissa Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In the summer of 2017, an estimated 745,000 Rohingya fled to Bangladesh in what has been described as one of the largest and fastest growing refugee crises in the world. Among numerous health concerns, an outbreak of acute jaundice syndrome (AJS) was detected by the disease surveillance system in early 2018 among the refugee population. This paper describes the investigation into the increase in AJS cases, the process and results of the investigation, which were strongly suggestive of a large outbreak due to hepatitis A virus (HAV). An enhanced serological investigation was conducted between 28 February to 26 March 2018 to determine the etiologies and risk factors associated with the outbreak. A total of 275 samples were collected from 18 health facilities reporting AJS cases. Blood samples were collected from all patients fulfilling the study specific case definition and inclusion criteria, and tested for antibody responses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of the 275 samples, 206 were positive for one of the agents tested. The laboratory results confirmed multiple etiologies including 154 (56%) samples tested positive for hepatitis A, 1 (0.4%) positive for hepatitis E, 36 (13%) positive for hepatitis B, 25 (9%) positive for hepatitis C, and 14 (5%) positive for leptospirosis. Among all specimens tested 24 (9%) showed evidence of co-infections with multiple etiologies. Hepatitis A and E are commonly found in refugee camps and have similar clinical presentations. In the absence of robust testing capacity when the epidemic was identified through syndromic reporting, a particular concern was that of a hepatitis E outbreak, for which immunity tends to be limited, and which may be particularly severe among pregnant women. This report highlights the challenges of identifying causative agents in such settings and the resources required to do so. Results from the month-long enhanced investigation did not point out widespread hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission, but instead strongly suggested a large-scale hepatitis A outbreak of milder consequences, and highlighted a number of other concomitant causes of AJS (acute hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Leptospirosis), albeit most likely at sporadic level. Results strengthen the need for further water and sanitation interventions and are a stark reminder of the risk of other epidemics transmitted through similar routes in such settings, particularly dysentery and cholera. It also highlights the need to ensure clinical management capacity for potentially chronic conditions in this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis Virus Antibodies in Newly Admitted Students of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shamsher Ahmed ◽  
Osul Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Mohsina Khatoon ◽  
Fahmin Kabir ◽  
Ahmed Riad Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Medical College ◽  
B Virus

Blood samples from randomly selected 100 newly admitted first year MBBS students of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College were tested to find the seroprevalence of antibodies against Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Hepatitis E viruses. The study revealed a lower seroprevalence of HAV antibodies than the common perception of their age group. The rate of vaccination against hepatitis B virus was found not very high, considering the affluence of their parents. Also there were lack of awareness about risk factors of viral hepatitis and many of the students were in habit of taking food outside. Institutionalized vaccination policy for 1st year medical students against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B along with awareness building measures regarding the professional risk among the new entrants are suggested. Policy planners and other stakeholders in the field should come up with a comprehensive intervention strategy to protect the future caregivers from the scourge of hepatitis viruses. Keywords: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis E, Seroprevalence   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2967 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 20-26

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Co-infection of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses in children - A hospital-based study in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bodhrun Naher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem globally and in endemic countries like Bangladesh. Viral hepatitis may present as mono-infection or co-infection caused by Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

scholarly journals Pola Penyakit Infeksi pada Thalassemia

Sari Pediatri ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mururul Aisyi ◽  
Alan R Tumbelaka
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Virus Hepatitis

Pasien thalassemia rentan terhadap infeksi akibat faktor penyakitnya maupun akibatpengobatan. Kelebihan besi yang terjadi akibat transfusi berulang mempengaruhi sistimimun, menekan aksi kemotaksis fagositosis, mikrobiosidal leukosit mononuklear danpolimorfonuklear. Penularan infeksi melalui transfusi seperti virus hepatitis, HIV danCMV merupakan komplikasi transfusi yang ditakuti. Infeksi virus hepatitis yangditularkan melalui transfusi antara lain hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, hepatitis C dan hepatitisD. hepatitis C mungkin merupakan penyebab utama sirosis hepatitis pada pasienthalassemia yang mendapat transfusi. Infeksi bakteri S. pneumoniae merupakan penyebabterbanyak bakteremia terutama pada pasien thalassemia yang menjalani operasisplenektomi. Osteomielitis yang terjadi akibat infeksi tulang yang mengalami infarkbiasanya disebabkan oleh spesies Salmonella. Vaksin polisakarida pneumokokusdirekomendasikan pada anak 2 tahun atau lebih dan ulangan diberikan setelah 3-5 tahunpada pasien thalassemia di bawah umur 10 tahun. Infeksi parasit malaria pada thalassemiasangat rendah; terdapat bukti yang terbatas bahwa perubahan respons imun pada pasiendengan varian gen globin mungkin berperan penting pada resistensi terhadap malaria.Mengingat banyaknya penyakit atau komplikasi yang timbul pada pasien thalassemiamaka perlu dilakukan pemantauan seumur hidup.

scholarly journals Systematic review of the global epidemiology of viral-induced acute liver failure

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e037473
Author(s):  
Jenna Patterson ◽  
Hannah Sophia Hussey ◽  
Sheetal Silal ◽  
Liz Goddard ◽  
Mashiko Setshedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Global Epidemiology

ObjectivesThe aetiology and burden of viral-induced acute liver failure remains unclear globally. It is important to understand the epidemiology of viral-induced ALF to plan for clinical case management and case prevention.ParticipantsThis systematic review was conducted to synthesize data on the relative contribution of different viruses to the aetiology of viral-induced acute liver failure in an attempt to compile evidence that is currently missing in the field. EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature published from 2009 to 2019. The initial search was run on 9 April 2019 and updated via PubMed on 30 September 2019 with no new eligible studies to include. Twenty-five eligible studies were included in the results of this review.ResultsThis systematic review estimated the burden of acute liver failure after infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis E virus, herpes simplex virus/human herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and parvovirus B19. Data were largely missing for acute liver failure after infection with varicella-zostervirus, human parainfluenza viruses, yellow fever virus, coxsackievirus and/or adenovirus. The prevalence of hepatitis A-induced acute liver failur was markedly lower in countries with routine hepatitis A immunisation versus no routine hepatitis A immunisation. Hepatitis E virus was the most common aetiological cause of viral-induced acute liver failure reported in this review. In addition, viral-induced acute liver failure had poor outcomes as indicated by high fatality rates, which appear to increase with poor economic status of the studied countries.ConclusionsImmunisation against hepatitis A and hepatitis B should be prioritised in low-income and middle-income countries to prevent high viral-induced acute liver failure mortality rates, especially in settings where resources for managing acute liver failure are lacking. The expanded use of hepatitis E immunisation should be explored as hepatitis E virus was the most common cause of acute liver failure.RegistrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42017079730.

Role of environmental factors in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (28) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Tornai
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus

A krónikus vírushepatitisek jelentik ma a legismertebb okokat a hepatocellularis carcinoma (HCC) kialakulásában. A krónikus B- és C-vírus-hepatitis a májrákok körülbelül 40-50%-át okozza. A nyugati típusú társadalmakban a HCC előfordulása folyamatosan növekvő tendenciát mutat. Az alkohol számít a környezeti tényezők közül a legfontosabbnak, bár az alkoholfogyasztás a legtöbb országban csökken. Ez aláhúzza az egyéb környezeti tényezők fontosságát is. Az elfogyasztott alkoholmennyiséggel egyenes arányban növekszik a cirrhosis és a következményes HCC gyakorisága nőkben és férfiakban egyaránt. A kémiai anyagok közül a legismertebb a Kínában és Afrikában elterjedt aflatoxin, amely a gabonaféléket szennyező mycotoxin. Hasonló területeken endémiás, mint a hepatitis B-vírus, együtt szinergista hatást fejtenek ki. A dohányzás is egyértelműen bizonyított hepatocarcinogen hatással rendelkezik. Ez is jelentősen fokozódik, ha alkoholfogyasztással vagy vírushepatitisszel társul. Társadalmilag talán a legfontosabb az elhízás, a következményes nem alkoholos zsírmáj, illetve steatohepatitis és a 2-es típusú cukorbetegség, amelyek prevalenciája egyre fokozódik. Feltehetően ezek állnak a növekvő HCC-gyakoriság hátterében. Az inzulinrezisztencia és az oxidatív stressz képezik a legfontosabb patogenetikai lépéseket a májsejtkárosodásban. További fontos rizikótényező az orális fogamzásgátlók elterjedt használata. Egyes foglalkozások esetén a tartós szervesoldószer-expozíció is növeli a HCC rizikóját. Védelmet jelenthetnek az antioxidánsok, a szelén, a gyógyszerek közül a statinok és a feketekávé-fogyasztás.

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