scholarly journals The Communicative Function of Non-Face Emoji "Folded Hands" in WhatsApp Interaction among Indonesians

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzakky ◽  
Didin Nuruddin Hidayat ◽  
Alek Alek
Keyword(s):  
Online Communication ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Teacher Students ◽  
Formal Relation

This study aimed to examine the communicative functions of the non-face “folded hands” emoji that Indonesians use in WhatsApp interactions. Using descriptive qualitative, the data were analysed through the social semiotic approach proposed by Lemke (1998),  the interactional sociolinguistic theory (Gumperz, 1982), and speech act theory. The data were taken from the messages that occurred naturally in several WhatsApp groups. It was re-transcribed and translated in English based on the theory by Dresner and Herring (2010). The findings revealed some functions of the non-face “folded hands” emoji in online communication. At the end of an utterance, it emphasizes message tone, politeness, and soft interaction. Furthermore, rather than this emoji expresses an emotion such as face emoji does, it performs illocutionary forces in communication such as thanking, apologizing, and asking.  It is also performed in situational interaction in which the relation of speaker and interlocutor has a formal relation such as teacher-students and leader-staffs. This empirical research added to computer-mediated discourse literature by analyzing the communicative function of folded hands emoji in written discourse. Practically, it might help users interpret the emoji as an abstract concept in the messages.

scholarly journals Code-switching in the computer-mediated communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
I. Darginavičienė ◽  
I. Ignotaitė
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Social Construction Of Reality ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Communicative

Most authors admit that code-switching is the process of switching different languages, their varieties, speaking styles, etc. Today the majority of people in the world are multilingual and often mix languages in different ways, which makes code-switching a quite common global phenomenon. Code-switching incorporates government, cultural, religious and network contexts, and the frequency of code-switching in such multilingual conversations is an indicator of the global dominance of multilingualism. Online communication fosters social communicative practices consisting of code-switching and marks the development of verbal behaviour of multilingual communities. Code-switching also affects language visuality, its images are tools for the social construction of reality. The developed verbal practices support effective communication and affect the expression of new meanings. The article aims at presenting the features of code-switching in digital communication with 8 examples of different length, topic and author, in which the native Lithuanians code-switched to English and used elements of the Internet language. These examples were taken from the social networks Instagram, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter, and the authors analyzed the grammar, spelling and punctuation of both Lithuanian and the English words, the type and use of the code-switched English elements, special characters, abbreviations, emoji and other features of the Internet language. The results show that online communication is not entirely textual, with various means of text composition communicators make their code-switched English elements more visible and alter the appearance of messages. Such practices correspond to the features of social networks and seem to follow the popular Internet culture trends.

Communicative functions of emoji sequences on Sina Weibo

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ge ◽  
Susan C. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sina Weibo ◽  
Graphical Language ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Further Development

The popular press is currently rife with speculation that emoji are becoming a global, digitally-mediated language. Sequences of emoji that function like verbal utterances potentially lend strong support to this claim. We employ computer-mediated discourse analysis to analyze the pragmatic meanings conveyed through emoji sequences and their rhetorical relations with accompanying text, focusing on posts by social media influencers and their followers on a popular Chinese social media platform. The findings show that the emoji sequences can function pragmatically like verbal utterances and form relations with textual propositions, although their usage differs from textual utterances in several respects. We also observed user innovations that make the sequences more language like, although there is not as yet a fixed grammar of emoji sequences. We characterize this emoji use as an emergent graphical language, with the caveats that it is not yet a fully-formed language and that the Chinese emoji language that is emerging is different from the English variety, and therefore emoji are not a universal language. In order to promote the further development of emoji language(s), we advance recommendations for emoji design grounded in linguistic principles.

scholarly journals The Communicative Function of English Parenthetical Constructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2 (18)) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Marine Yaghubyan
Keyword(s):  
Main Function ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Communicative Functions

The main function of parenthetical constructions is to characterize the sentence from the position of the speaker to the listener. In English parenthetical constructions are essential, since they not only connect ideas, sentences, paragraphs making them more cohesive, but also introduce contrast or opposition, emphasis or agreement, purpose, result or conclusion, etc. We try to demonstrate how parenthetical constructions provide and convey communicative functions in spoken and written discourse. However, one should also note that parenthetical constructions cannot carry out the communicative shifts independently; hence the certain communicative shift is relatively dependent on the context.

On Behavioural Responses and Different Shades of Flaming in Social Media and Computer Mediated Communication

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Ruchi Verma ◽  
Nitin Nitin ◽  
Amit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confined Environment ◽  
Sensitive Issues

Computer mediated communication has connected the globe in such a way that today the whole world connects with a common thread. It has broken all cultural, social, religious and geographic barriers bringing the world at a zero distance level. Unfortunately, among its innumerable advantages, online communication has developed a darker side to it called flaming. With the freedom that online communication offers, the users have started infiltrating conversation with hostile and offensive exchange of words. Due to the absence of face to face interaction, there are various factors such as anonymity, lack of familiarity, absence of social cordiality and etiquettes that promote flaming. This study takes a look at the social context in which flaming occurs. This paper involves a study conducted on one subject in a confined environment. It focuses on the flaming tendencies and patterns. An effort is done to analyze the factors that affect flaming. The response of the online users on current and controversial issues is recorded. It is generally the sensitive issues that attract flaming. Also non met friends have a tendency to shed their inhibitions and involve blatantly in flaming. Another observation is that the male gender has more inclination towards flaming and involves more in contemptuous comments. The Probit Model is used to analyze the recorded responses and draw the conclusions.

Communicative functions of emoji sequences in the context of self-presentation: A comparative study of Weibo and Twitter users

2021 ◽  
pp. 175048132110020
Author(s):  
Jing Ge-Stadnyk
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Twitter Users

Focusing on Weibo (a Chinese Microblogging site) and Twitter, this study adopts computer-mediated discourse analysis to examine how influencers use emoji sequences when engaging in self-presentation. It identified a variety of text-based speech acts, emoji functions, and functional relations by conducting speech act and pragmatic function analysis. ‘Claim’ is the most common text-based speech act accompanying with emoji sequences in both data groups; however, the former had a higher percentage than the later. Moreover, emoji functioning as a combination of ‘stance and action’ in sequences comprise the most prominent category in the Twitter data, whereas the ‘concept’ function accounts for the largest percentage within the Weibo data. Finally, emoji sequences serving as ‘emphasis on text’ is most employed in connection with accompanying texts in both data. This study also observed how a lack of user-desired emoji may be compensated for through collocation of emoji sequences, a device which involves significant creativity and intricacy.

Collaboration or Cooperation? Analyzing Small Group Interactions in Educational Environments

2005 ◽  
pp. 100-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trena M. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Synchronous Chat ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
Group Members

This chapter illustrates how computer-mediated discourse analysis (CMDA) can be used systematically to investigate online communication. It argues that intended outcomes of learner interactions, such as meaningful dialogue and joint knowledge construction, must be identified and analyzed to better understand the effectiveness of online learning activities. The CMDA approach is illustrated through analysis of a synchronous chat held by a three-person graduate student group as it completed a course assignment at a distance. Findings from the analysis reveal that while all group members participated in the task and communicated with mutual respect, a cooperative rather than collaborative approach was taken, and group members did not challenge initial opinions. These findings can assist with the future instructional design of such online learning tasks. It is hoped that this chapter provides guidance to researchers in identifying intended outcomes of online collaboration and utilizing CMDA to determine whether the outcomes have been met.

Kommunikative und expressive Formeln des Deutschen in Internettexten: ein diskursorientierter Ansatz

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-196
Author(s):  
Oksana Hordii
Keyword(s):  
Online Communication ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
Informative Part ◽  
Semantic Transformation ◽  
Linguistic Units

Abstract This paper deals with the functioning of expressive and communicative formulas of modern German in computer-mediated discourse. The set phrases analysed are pre-formed sentence-value word combinations that serve as a means of expression of various speech intentions and emotions. These linguistic units are known to evade a uniform classification scheme, with boundaries between different groups being indistinct. The set phrases considered in this work are viewed as a functional-semantic field which includes communicative and expressive formulas and some mixed types. By discussing their cultural specificity – provided by units containing symbolic components, as well as by entities in various areas of national life, and fixed phrases of obscure literary origin – I attempt to explore their intertextual potential for further contribution to studies in intercultural communication. Expressivity, intertextuality, multimedia impact and interactivity have been defined as constitutive characteristics of computer-mediated discourse. The units discussed keep the tone of asynchronous online communication humorous and help to establish communicative closeness. In online media, the language game comes to the fore: a common phenomenon is semantic transformation often performed as simultaneous actualisation (ambiguity) of literal and idiomatic meaning, causing additional communicative effects. In combination with the informative part of a headline, these units act as emotional and evaluative indicators of media texts. Due to its technological features, internet communication allows easy combination of visual and verbal channels of information, and so there is frequent play between language images and digital images, especially in photo and video hosting services. My analysis of different online genres has shown that in internet communication, the core of the functional-semantic field (i.e. the most frequently used units) acquires added discursive value. The universal nature of their creative use, appeal, entertainment and community-building functions was also ascertained.

scholarly journals A Linguistic Analysis of Translation Errors on Selected Public Notices in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Macharia Daniel Maina
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
Translation Errors ◽  
The Relationship

This paper purposes to analyse translation errors in selected Kenyan public notices. Specifically, it examines how translation faults possess unique linguistic resources. There is an extensive existence of this genre countrywide albeit without proper academic scrutiny to further interrogate fundamental linguistic concepts therein. It involves the application of the Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) which is unique to the analysis of this genre. Specifically, this research involves collecting data from the social media of the relevant public notices in Kenya.  Generally, twelve signage were analysed. The sampling procedure was done purposively to include the diversity of Kenya. To qualify, the data collected had to reflect translation blunders. Then, the data was analysed for linguistic resources. The data was presented using a table showing the relationship between the components sought. Consequently, the study enriched translational linguistics, evaluated textual analysis and critiqued the linguistic concepts of performance and competence. Additionally, it provided useful insights into the cognitive mechanisms used during humour production and understanding.

scholarly journals Forms and Functions of Graphicons in Facebook Private Conversations Among Young Filipino Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Dyea Dolot ◽  
Arlene Opina
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Mediated Discourse

Understanding the functions of graphicons such as emojis, images, memes, videos, GIFs, emoticons, and stickers has become increasingly relevant as they have become extensively integrated into textual messages on Facebook, especially in group chats. This study aimed to investigate the forms and functions of graphicons used by young Filipino users (ages 18-31) on Facebook group chats. The datasets were extracted from the corpora, ten Facebook group chats, each lasting for three months, and analyzed using or computer-mediated discourse analysis or language-focused content analysis. According to the findings of this study, emoji was the most widely used graphicon by young Filipino users on Facebook, while sticker was the least. Adopting Herring and Dainas’ six functions of graphicons (2017), the researcher discovered additional five functions on Facebook group chats. These functions are identified as mention, reaction, riff, tone modification, action, narrative sequence, response, sharing, replacement, complement, and attention. It was also discovered that a graphicon could serve more than one function in a conversation. Tone modification was the most commonly used function, while the narrative sequence was the least. It was found out that in both emojis and emoticons, ‘tone modification’ was the most used function while ‘sharing’ in both images and videos. Meanwhile, ‘action’ was the most used function in GIFs, ‘attention’ in memes, and ‘mention’ in stickers. Because of the significantly increased use of online communication, this study may provide insight on how people may use these graphicons in their everyday conversations.

Humor and Play in CMC

2010 ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Vandergriff
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Language Play ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
Interactional Features

This chapter summarizes the growing body of research on humor and play in computer-mediated communication (CMC) from disciplines such as psychology, applied linguistics, and foreign language acquisition that seeks to explain the abundance of humor and language play in computer-mediated communication. Humor researchers, for example, have shown how the absence of the nonverbal repertoire in CMC may encourage play while, at the same time, making it more difficult to signal a joke. From the perspective of computer-mediated discourse analysis, certain linguistic and interactional features of computer-mediated discourse may promote non-seriousness (Herring, 1999). Another strand of research focuses on the social functions of humor in constituting and maintaining online communities (Hübler & Bell, 2003). The emerging picture of language play and humor in CMC is becoming clearer but, at the same time, increasingly complex.

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