scholarly journals Evaluation of SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium Falciparum / Panmalarial for Diagnosis of Malaria in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh

2019 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Priyaasaro Sevakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Supplementary Issue

Introduction: Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for malaria has improved malaria manageme nt.Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Panmalarial compared to gold standard microscopy using Giemsa staining for diagnosis of malaria in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh.Method: Microscopy and RDT diagnosis were performed on 377 blood samples. In this study, the SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Panmalarial Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) detecting Histidine Rich Protein II and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase antigens were used. Blood film malaria parasite examination was carried out as the reference.Results: Malaria parasites were identified by microscopy in 61 individuals and RDT positively tested in 27 (44.3%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Panmalarial was 44.2% (95% CI, 31.8 to 57.5) and 100% (95% CI, 98.6 to 100.0) respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) for SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Panmalarial was 100% (95% CI, 84.5 to 100) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 90% (95% CI, 86.6 to 93.1).Discussion: The SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial test showed excellent results in the diagnosis of endemic Plasmodium falciparum infections. This SD Bioline Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial loses validity for low parasitemia. These results confirm the validity of SD Bioline Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial in malaria diagnosis must be complemented by microscopy.Conclusion: This examination has demonstrated that the SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial cannot be utilized as an elective strategy contrasted with the best quality level Giemsa staining (BFMP). These outcomes affirm that whenever supplemented by microscopy, SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial are substantial in malaria analysis.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 47

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN MICROSCOPY AND RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA AT A TERTIARY CARE MEDICAL INSTITUTION IN UTTARAKHAND (A 3-YEAR STUDY)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Gupta ◽  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
Shalinee Rao ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Deepjyoti Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Malaria Antigen

 Objectives: Malaria is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases all over the world including India. Although the microscopic study of stained peripheral blood smear (PBS) is a gold standard of malaria diagnosis due to some subjective errors, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) can be a suitable alternative. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and demographic details of malaria cases along with a comparison between the two most common screening methods: PBS and RDTs.Methods: Demographic profile, the prevalence of malaria in this region of Uttarakhand and evaluation of efficacy of RDT as a screening method was performed. Analysis of PBS microscopy for malaria parasites was performed and compared with immunochromatography based RDT over a duration of 3 years.Results: Out of total 2982 clinically suspected patients of malaria, 132 were found to be positive by either of the two methods. Prevalence of malaria was 4.4% in our study. Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species isolated (95%). Males outnumbered females with a ratio of 2.1:1. The most common age group affected was 30–49 years. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT was found to be 91.8% and 93.8%, respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were found to be 97.8% and 98.9%, respectively.Conclusion: We conclude that Uttarakhand is a low prevalence area for Malaria and the RDT based on malaria antigen (whole blood) method is as specific and sensitive as the traditional PBS microscopy. Thus, it can be used as an alternative to PBS microscopy.

scholarly journals Deletions of the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 genes are common in field isolates from north-eastern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Kaaya ◽  
Reginald A. Kavishe ◽  
Filemon F. Tenu ◽  
Johnson J. Matowo ◽  
Franklin W. Mosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World

Abstract Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2/3) genes have been reported in several parts of the world. These deletions are known to compromise the effectiveness of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (HRP2-RDT). The National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) in Tanzania adopted HRP2-RDTs as a routine tool for malaria diagnosis in 2009 replacing microscopy in many Health facilities. We investigated pfhrp2/3 deletions in 122 samples from two areas with diverse malaria transmission intensities in Northeastern Tanzania. Pfhrp2 deletion was confirmed in 1.6% of samples while pfhrp3 deletion was confirmed in 50% of samples. We did not find parasites with both pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions among our samples. Results from this study highlight the need for systematic surveillance of pfhrp2/3 deletions in Tanzania to understand their prevalence and determine their impact on the performance of mRDT.

Performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH Rapid Diagnostics Test for Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Assosa Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Solomon Alemayehu ◽  
Karen Lopez ◽  
Cheikh Dieng ◽  
Eugenia Lo ◽  
Daniel Janies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease particularly due to Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum ). Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP-2) and Plasmodium falciparum specific Lactate Dehydrogenase (PfPLDH) based rapid diagnostic test are commonly used for malaria diagnosis in malaria endemic countries where microscopic examination is scarce. However, there is limited information on the performance of malaria RDT in rural and semi urban area of Assosa zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT for diagnosis of falciparum malaria against microscopy as reference method. Methods Health-facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Assosa zone, Northwest Ethiopia from November to December 2018. A total of four hundred and six malaria-suspected participants attending Bambasi, Sherkole, Kurmuk and Assosa health-centers were tested. Finger-prick blood samples were collected for microscopy blood film preparation, RDTs and molecular diagnosis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Results Of the total study participants, 26.4% (107/406) were microscope confirmed P. falciparum positive. Using PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT, 30.3% (123/406) and 24.1% (98/406) were positive for P. falciparum, respectively. The sensitivity of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH was 96% and 89%, respectively, against microscope. The corresponding specificity rates of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH were 93% and 99%, respectively. Similarly, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT were 84%, 97%, 99% and 96%, respectively. There was an agreement between RDTs (PfPLDH and PfHRP2) and reference microscopy method with a kappa value of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. Compared to qPCR, the specificity of PfHRP2 (93%) and PfPLDH RDT (98%) were high, though the respective sensitivity of PfHRP2(77%) and PfPLDH RDT(70%) were low. Conclusion PfHRP2 and PfPLDH showed reasonable agreement in detecting P. falciparum infections. Hence, currently used national malaria RDT kit can be continue to be used in certain malaria endemic areas in Ethiopia. However, Continuous monitoring the performance of PfHRP-2 RDT associated with false negative results is important to consider an alternative malaria RDT like PfPLDH RDT to support control and elimination of malaria in Ethiopia

scholarly journals No evidence of false-negative Plasmodium falciparum rapid diagnostic results in Monrovia, Liberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandella King ◽  
Alexander E. George ◽  
Pau Cisteró ◽  
Christine K. Tarr-Attia ◽  
Beatriz Arregui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catholic Hospital ◽  
Or History

Abstract Background Malaria diagnosis in many malaria-endemic countries relies mainly on the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The majority of commercial RDTs used in Africa detect the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). pfhrp2/3 gene deletions can therefore lead to false-negative RDT results. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of PCR-confirmed, false-negative P. falciparum RDT results in Monrovia, Liberia. Methods PfHRP2-based RDT (Paracheck Pf®) and microscopy results from 1038 individuals with fever or history of fever (n = 951) and pregnant women at first antenatal care (ANC) visit (n = 87) enrolled in the Saint Joseph’s Catholic Hospital (Monrovia) from March to July 2019 were used to assess the frequency of false-negative RDT results. True–false negatives were confirmed by detecting the presence of P. falciparum DNA by quantitative PCR in samples from individuals with discrepant RDT and microscopy results. Samples that were positive by 18S rRNA qPCR but negative by PfHRP2-RDT were subjected to multiplex qPCR assay for detection of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3. Results One-hundred and eighty-six (19.6%) and 200 (21.0%) of the 951 febrile participants had a P. falciparum-positive result by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Positivity rate increased with age and the reporting of joint pain, chills and shivers, vomiting and weakness, and decreased with the presence of coughs and nausea. The positivity rate at first ANC visit was 5.7% (n = 5) and 8% (n = 7) by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Out of 207 Plasmodium infections detected by microscopy, 22 (11%) were negative by RDT. qPCR confirmed absence of P. falciparum DNA in the 16 RDT-negative but microscopy-positive samples which were available for molecular testing. Among the 14 samples that were positive by qPCR but negative by RDT and microscopy, 3 only amplified pfldh, and among these 3 all were positive for pfhrp2 and pfhrp3. Conclusion There is no qPCR-confirmed evidence of false-negative RDT results due to pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletions in this study conducted in Monrovia (Liberia). This indicates that these deletions are not expected to affect the performance of PfHRP2-based RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria in Liberia. Nevertheless, active surveillance for the emergence of PfHRP2 deletions is required.

scholarly journals Emergence and evolution of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 deletion mutant parasites in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindew M. Feleke ◽  
Emily N. Reichert ◽  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
Bokretsion G. Brhane ◽  
Kalkidan Mekete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Subtelomeric Deletion

AbstractMalaria diagnostic testing in Africa is threatened by Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) and 3 (pfhrp3) genes. Among 12,572 subjects enrolled along Ethiopia’s borders with Eritrea, Sudan, and South Sudan and using multiple assays, we estimate HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests would miss 9.7% (95% CI 8.5-11.1) of falciparum malaria cases due to pfhrp2 deletion. Established and novel genomic tools reveal distinct subtelomeric deletion patterns, well-established pfhrp3 deletions, and recent expansion of pfhrp2 deletion. Current diagnostic strategies need to be urgently reconsidered in Ethiopia, and expanded surveillance is needed throughout the Horn of Africa.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two new rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of malaria

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Jahan ◽  
Rubayet Elahi ◽  
Md. Khaja Mohiuddin ◽  
Md. Gulam Musawwir Khan ◽  
Mohammad Shafiul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Malaria Rdts ◽  
Resource Limited

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) address the need for accurate diagnosis of malaria, particularly in resource limited settings. In this study, two malaria RDTs were compared with gold standard microscopy: On Site Pf/Pv test detecting Plasmodium falciparum-specific histidine rich protein-2 (Pf HR P2) and P. vivax-specific parasitic lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) antigens; and SD Bioline anti-Pf/Pv test detecting anti-HR P2 and anti-pL DH antibodies for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections, respectively. For OnSite test, the overall sensitivity was found 96.2% , specificity 98.2% , positive predictive value (PPV ) 98.2% , negative predictive value (NPV ) 96.4% and agreement with microscopy was found to be 0.94. On the other hand SD Bioline test, the overall sensitivity was 75.4%, specificity 83.7%, PPV 84.3% , NPV 74.5% and agreement with microscopy was 0.59. These data revealed that the R DT based on antigen detection (Onsite test) was more reliable than that based on the antibody detection (SD Bioline test).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16931 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 11-15

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