scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN MICROSCOPY AND RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA AT A TERTIARY CARE MEDICAL INSTITUTION IN UTTARAKHAND (A 3-YEAR STUDY)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Gupta ◽  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
Shalinee Rao ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Deepjyoti Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Malaria Antigen

 Objectives: Malaria is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases all over the world including India. Although the microscopic study of stained peripheral blood smear (PBS) is a gold standard of malaria diagnosis due to some subjective errors, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) can be a suitable alternative. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and demographic details of malaria cases along with a comparison between the two most common screening methods: PBS and RDTs.Methods: Demographic profile, the prevalence of malaria in this region of Uttarakhand and evaluation of efficacy of RDT as a screening method was performed. Analysis of PBS microscopy for malaria parasites was performed and compared with immunochromatography based RDT over a duration of 3 years.Results: Out of total 2982 clinically suspected patients of malaria, 132 were found to be positive by either of the two methods. Prevalence of malaria was 4.4% in our study. Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species isolated (95%). Males outnumbered females with a ratio of 2.1:1. The most common age group affected was 30–49 years. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT was found to be 91.8% and 93.8%, respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were found to be 97.8% and 98.9%, respectively.Conclusion: We conclude that Uttarakhand is a low prevalence area for Malaria and the RDT based on malaria antigen (whole blood) method is as specific and sensitive as the traditional PBS microscopy. Thus, it can be used as an alternative to PBS microscopy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium Falciparum / Panmalarial for Diagnosis of Malaria in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh

2019 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Priyaasaro Sevakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Supplementary Issue

Introduction: Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for malaria has improved malaria manageme nt.Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Panmalarial compared to gold standard microscopy using Giemsa staining for diagnosis of malaria in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh.Method: Microscopy and RDT diagnosis were performed on 377 blood samples. In this study, the SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Panmalarial Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) detecting Histidine Rich Protein II and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase antigens were used. Blood film malaria parasite examination was carried out as the reference.Results: Malaria parasites were identified by microscopy in 61 individuals and RDT positively tested in 27 (44.3%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Panmalarial was 44.2% (95% CI, 31.8 to 57.5) and 100% (95% CI, 98.6 to 100.0) respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) for SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Panmalarial was 100% (95% CI, 84.5 to 100) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 90% (95% CI, 86.6 to 93.1).Discussion: The SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial test showed excellent results in the diagnosis of endemic Plasmodium falciparum infections. This SD Bioline Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial loses validity for low parasitemia. These results confirm the validity of SD Bioline Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial in malaria diagnosis must be complemented by microscopy.Conclusion: This examination has demonstrated that the SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial cannot be utilized as an elective strategy contrasted with the best quality level Giemsa staining (BFMP). These outcomes affirm that whenever supplemented by microscopy, SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Plasmodium falciparum/ Panmalarial are substantial in malaria analysis.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 47

scholarly journals Evaluation of two new rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of malaria

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Jahan ◽  
Rubayet Elahi ◽  
Md. Khaja Mohiuddin ◽  
Md. Gulam Musawwir Khan ◽  
Mohammad Shafiul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Malaria Rdts ◽  
Resource Limited

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) address the need for accurate diagnosis of malaria, particularly in resource limited settings. In this study, two malaria RDTs were compared with gold standard microscopy: On Site Pf/Pv test detecting Plasmodium falciparum-specific histidine rich protein-2 (Pf HR P2) and P. vivax-specific parasitic lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) antigens; and SD Bioline anti-Pf/Pv test detecting anti-HR P2 and anti-pL DH antibodies for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections, respectively. For OnSite test, the overall sensitivity was found 96.2% , specificity 98.2% , positive predictive value (PPV ) 98.2% , negative predictive value (NPV ) 96.4% and agreement with microscopy was found to be 0.94. On the other hand SD Bioline test, the overall sensitivity was 75.4%, specificity 83.7%, PPV 84.3% , NPV 74.5% and agreement with microscopy was 0.59. These data revealed that the R DT based on antigen detection (Onsite test) was more reliable than that based on the antibody detection (SD Bioline test).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16931 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 11-15

scholarly journals Prozone-like phenomenon in travellers with fatal malaria: report of two cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurdes Santos ◽  
Nuno Rocha Pereira ◽  
Paulo Andrade ◽  
Paulo Figueiredo Dias ◽  
Carlos Lima Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Microscopy Observation ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Potential Benefits

Malaria diagnosis remains a concern in non-endemic countries, with rapid diagnosis being crucial to improve patients’ outcome. Rapid diagnostic tests have high sensitivity but they also have flaws and false-negative results that might jeopardize malaria diagnosis. Some false-negative results might relate to a prozone-like effect. The authors describe two patients with false-negative rapid diagnostic tests in which a prozone-like effect might have been involved. The authors highlight that these tests should not be used without accompanying light microscopy observation of blood films and discuss potential benefits of using rapid diagnostic tests with more than one specific antigen for Plasmodium falciparum.

scholarly journals Performance of two rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis at the China-Myanmar border area

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yan ◽  
Nana Li ◽  
Xu Wei ◽  
Peipei Li ◽  
Zhenjun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Border Area

scholarly journals Expanding Access to Malaria Diagnosis through Retail Shops in Western Kenya: What Do Shop Workers Think?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria Rusk ◽  
Catherine Goodman ◽  
Violet Naanyu ◽  
Beatrice Koech ◽  
Andrew Obala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Viable Approach

Background. The common symptoms of malaria reduce the specificity of clinical diagnosis. Presumptive treatment is conventional but can lead to overdiagnosis of malaria, delay of appropriate treatment, overprescription of antimalarials, and drug resistance. Routine use of diagnostic tests can address many of these concerns. Though treatment is often procured from retailers, there is low availability of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria (MRDTs), a simple, inexpensive, and accurate diagnostic solution. We know little about the challenges to expanding access to diagnostics through these outlets. Methods. To understand the perceptions of the benefits and challenges to selling rapid diagnostic tests for malaria, we conducted focus group discussions with antimalarial retailers who serve the residents of the Webuye Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in western Kenya. Results. Medicine retailers perceived MRDTs to be beneficial to their customers and businesses but also included cost, fear of the tests, risks of self-treatment, and regulatory concerns among the challenges to using and selling MRDTs. Conclusion. MRDTs represent a viable approach to increase access to malaria diagnostic testing. Medicine retailers are eager for MRDTs to be made available to them. However, certain challenges remain to implementation in retail outlets and should be addressed in advance.

scholarly journals Clinical diagnostic evaluation of HRP2 and pLDH-based rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in an area receiving seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Coldiron ◽  
Bachir Assao ◽  
Céline Langendorf ◽  
Nathan Sayinzoga-Makombe ◽  
Iza Ciglenecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention ◽  
High Season

Abstract Background Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for malaria are common, but their performance varies. Tests using histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigen are most common, and many have high sensitivity. HRP2 tests can remain positive for weeks after treatment, limiting their specificity and usefulness in high-transmission settings. Tests using Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) have been less widely used but have higher specificity, mostly due to a much shorter time to become negative. Methods A prospective, health centre-based, diagnostic evaluation of two malaria RDTs was performed in rural Niger during the high malaria transmission season (3–28 October, 2017) and during the low transmission season (28 January–31 March, 2018). All children under 5 years of age presenting with fever (axillary temperature > 37.5 °C) or history of fever in the previous 24 h were eligible. Capillary blood was collected by finger prick. The SD Bioline HRP2 (catalog: 05FK50) and the CareStart pLDH(pan) (catalog: RMNM-02571) were performed in parallel, and thick and thin smears were prepared. Microscopy was performed at Epicentre, Maradi, Niger, with external quality control. The target sample size was 279 children with microscopy-confirmed malaria during each transmission season. Results In the high season, the sensitivity of both tests was estimated at > 99%, but the specificity of both tests was lower: 58.0% (95% CI 52.1–63.8) for the pLDH test and 57.4% (95% CI 51.5–63.1) for the HRP2 test. The positive predictive value was 66.3% (95% CI 61.1–71.2) for both tests. In the low season, the sensitivity of both tests dropped: 91.0% (95% CI 85.3–95.0) for the pLDH test and 85.8% (95% CI 79.3–90.9) for the HRP2 test. The positive predictive value remained low for both tests in the low season: 60.5% (95% CI 53.9–66.8) for the pLDH test and 61.9% (55.0–68.4) for the HRP2 test. Performance was similar across different production lots, gender, age of the children, and, during the high season, time since the most recent distribution of seasonal malaria chemoprevention. Conclusions The low specificity of the pLDH RDT in this setting was unexpected and is not easily explained. As the pLDH test continues to be introduced into new settings, the questions raised by this study will need to be addressed.

The diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy for malaria diagnosis in eastern Sudan using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay as a reference standard

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakya A Abdalla ◽  
NourElhouda A Rahma ◽  
Elhashimi E Hassan ◽  
Tajeldin M Abdallah ◽  
Hadeel E Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Accurate diagnosis of malaria infection is essential for successful control and management of the disease. Both microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are recommended for malaria diagnosis, however, RDTs are more commonly used. The aim of the current study was to assess the performance of microscopy and RDTs in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as the gold standard. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Kassala Hospital, eastern Sudan. A total of 341 febrile participants of all ages were recruited. Blood specimens were collected and malaria testing was performed using an RDT (SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf), microscopy and nested PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) of microscopy and the RDT were investigated. Results The prevalence of P. falciparum malaria infections in this study was 22.9%, 24.3% and 26.7% by PCR, microscopy and RDT, respectively. Compared with microscopy, the RDT had slightly higher sensitivity (80.7% vs 74.3%; p=0.442), equivalent specificity (89.3% vs 90.4%), a similar PPV (69.2% vs 69.8%) and a higher NPV (94.0% vs 92.2%). Conclusions The diagnostic performance of the RDT was better than that of microscopy in the diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria when nested PCR was used as the gold standard.

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Parasites

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Moody
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Endemic Malaria ◽  
Health Organization

SUMMARY Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge to laboratories in most countries. Endemic malaria, population movements, and travelers all contribute to presenting the laboratory with diagnostic problems for which it may have little expertise available. Drug resistance and genetic variation has altered many accepted morphological appearances of malaria species, and new technology has given an opportunity to review available procedures. Concurrently the World Health Organization has opened a dialogue with scientists, clinicians, and manufacturers on the realistic possibilities for developing accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective rapid diagnostic tests for malaria, capable of detecting 100 parasites/μl from all species and with a semiquantitative measurement for monitoring successful drug treatment. New technology has to be compared with an accepted Rgold standardS that makes comparisons of sensitivity and specificity between different methods. The majority of malaria is found in countries where cost-effectiveness is an important factor and ease of performance and training is a major consideration. Most new technology for malaria diagnosis incorporates immunochromatographic capture procedures, with conjugated monoclonal antibodies providing the indicator of infection. Preferred targeted antigens are those which are abundant in all asexual and sexual stages of the parasite and are currently centered on detection of HRP-2 from Plasmodium falciparum and parasite-specific lactate dehydrogenase or Plasmodium aldolase from the parasite glycolytic pathway found in all species. Clinical studies allow effective comparisons between different formats, and the reality of nonmicroscopic diagnoses of malaria is considered.

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