scholarly journals Maxwellian stresses and electromagnetic forces that arise from them in vacuum and media.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
I. Campos Flores ◽  
J. L. Jiménez Ramírez ◽  
J. A. E. Roa Neri
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Force Density ◽  
Dielectric Slab ◽  
Parallel Plate Capacitor ◽  
Electromagnetic Forces ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Permittivity And Permeability ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Lines Of Force

Faraday and Maxwell conceived the electrostatic and magnetostatic fields as lines of force filling the space around charges and currents, with or without matter. They also established that there are tensions along the lines of force, and compressions around these lines. These ideas are formalized with a stress tensor, whose divergence is a force density. We follow these ideas to show the origin of the electric forces that arise in the case of a dielectric slab partially introduced into a parallel-plate capacitor, and the origin of the magnetic forces that arise in the case of a magnetizable bar partially introduced into a solenoid. We find that these forces have their origin in the abrupt change in permittivity and permeability which produce a difference of pressures at interfaces. This approach permits us to analyze the similarities and differences between both cases. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students can get interesting insights into the electromagnetic forces exerted by electrostatic and magnetostatic fields in vacuum and matter.  Faraday y Maxwell concibieron los campos electrostáticos y magnetostáticos como líneas de fuerza llenando el espacio alrededor de cargas y corriente, con o sin materia. Ellos establecieron que hay tensiones a lo largo de las líneas de fuerza, y compresiones alrededor de estas líneas. Estas ideas se formalizan con el tensor de esfuerzos, cuya divergencia es una densidad de fuerza. Nosotros seguimos estas ideas para mostrar el origen de las fuerzas eléctricas que surgen cuando una barra de dieléctrico se introduce parcialmente en un condensador de placas paralelas, y el origen de las fuerzas magnéticas que surgen en el caso de una barra magnetizable parcialmente introducida en un solenoide. Encontramos que estas fuerzas tienen su origen en el cambio abrupto en la permitividad y permeabilidad que produce una diferencia de presiones en la interface. Este enfoque  nos permite analizar las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos casos. Los estudiantes no graduados y graduados pueden adquirir una percepción interesante  sobre las fuerzas electromagnéticas ejercidas por campos electrostáticos y magnetostáticos en el vacío y en la materia

scholarly journals Electromagnetic momentum balance equation and the force density in material media

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Campos ◽  
J.L. Jiménez ◽  
M.A. López-Mariño
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Force Density ◽  
External Fields ◽  
Momentum Balance Equation ◽  
Current Distributions ◽  
Electromagnetic Momentum ◽  
Arbitrary Charge

We present a momentum balance equation derived directly from Maxwell's equations. This equation contains a force density, which we call Maxwell's force density, which generalizes the Lorentz force density, now including total fields rather than only external fields, and arbitrary charge and current distributions. As a test for this balance equation we derive for gases the electrostatic and magnetostatic Helmholtz force densities. This deduction will be useful for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, as well as for specialists interested in the conceptual aspects of electromagnetism.

The Use of Function and Form When Reading Mechanical Engineering Drawings by Experts and Non-Experts

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Chovan ◽  
Manjula B. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Intelligent Cad ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Engineering Drawings ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Form Information

Abstract Function to form information used in reasoning about mechanical engineering drawings based on experience in design was investigated. The verbal utterances of expert mechanical designers, quasi-experts (graduate students) and novices while reading 13 mechanical engineering line drawings were recorded and analyzed for function to form relationships. A discriminant analysis of descriptions of these drawings showed similarities and differences between the design features used by each group when reasoning about the drawings. The results of this analysis and their implications for the development of intelligent CAD systems are discussed.

Understanding Information Seeking Behavior of Faculty and Students

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Falciani-White
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Resource Discovery ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Information Seeking Behaviors

This chapter reviews significant information seeking literature, focusing on general models that can provide a framework for those not familiar with the research in that area. It then explores models and characteristics that are unique to academic users, specifically undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty members, highlighting similarities and differences among these groups of users. Changes to information seeking that have resulted from technological advances are also examined. The chapter concludes with a look at resource discovery tools in light of what is known about the information seeking behaviors of academic users, and recommendations are provided for those considering adoption of resource discovery tools.

scholarly journals The Use of E-supervision to Support Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students during Student Teaching Practica

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Carlin ◽  
Katie Boarman ◽  
Emily Carlin ◽  
Karissa Inselmann
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Student Teaching ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Future Practice ◽  
Adequate Supervision

In the present feasibility study, e-supervision was used to provide university liaison supervision to SLP graduate students enrolled in student teaching practica. Utilizing a mixed methodology approach, interview and survey data were compared in order to identify similarities and differences between face-to-face and e-supervision and guide future practice. Results showed e-supervised graduate students received adequate supervision, feedback, support, and communication. Further, e-supervision provided additional benefits to supervisors, children on the caseload, and universities. Despite the benefits, disadvantages emerged. Implications for future practice and limitations of the study were identified.

Experimental researches in electricity. Atmospheric magnetism, continued. Twenty-seventh series

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Lines Of Force

In order to obtain an experimental representative of the action of the atmosphere when heated above or cooled below the average temperature, the author employed a ring helix of covered copper wire, through which an electric current was passed. The helix was about one inch and a half in diameter, and having the well-known system of magnetic forces, was placed with its magnetic axis parallel to a free needle: when its position was such that a needle within the ring would point with the north end downward, then the effect in deflecting the surrounding lines of force of the earth was considered as like that of a relatively paramagnetic mass of air: and when its position was reversed, its action was representative of that of a heated or relatively diamagnetic mass of air. Bringing this helix into the vicinity of small magnetic needles, suspended either freely, or so as to show declination or inclination, the planes of action or indifference as regards the power of deflecting the lines of force and the needle were observed. When the needle can move only in one plane, there are four quadrants, formed (in the case of the declination needle) by the intersection of the planes of the magnetic equator and meridian. When in these planes there is no deflection at the needle, but when in the quadrants there is, and in opposite directions in the neighbouring quadrants. As the lines of force are held in and by the earth, so these experiments were repeated with a needle in near vicinity to a magnet, and the difference of effect is pointed out: then the extent to which these results are applicable to those of the earth is considered, and their utility in guiding the inquirer.

A convergence of opinion on the divergence of lines: Faraday and Thomson’s discussion of diamagnetism

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mathematical Expertise ◽  
Lines Of Force

The number of scientists actively extending the frontiers of knowledge has always been small compared to the number engaged in what Kuhn called ‘normal science’. Many of Faraday’s contemporaries shared his interest in the relationship between electric, magnetic, and other forces. A few, such as Joule and Pliicker, were quick to take up the results reported in his Experimental Researches in Electricity . When we turn to the theoretical interpretation of these results, however, the picture is different. Until 1845 Faraday was virtually alone in developing the lines of force approach for which he became famous. In 1845 he was joined by W illiam Thomson, who had learned of Faraday’s ‘conception of electric and magnetic forces acting along curved lines’ at Glasgow, four years earlier. Of their correspondence nearly three dozen letters remain from the period 1845 to 1860. One third were written between August 1845 and July 1849, the years in which Faraday’s experimental findings and Thomson’s mathematical expertise combined to produce the first rigorous field theory of magnetism.

scholarly journals International and Domestic Graduate Student Satisfaction with Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Suh ◽  
Jihee Hong ◽  
Kenneth Rice ◽  
Victoria Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Domestic Students ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Similarities And Differences

With increasing mental health problems witnessed among students, adequately addressing their well-being is becoming important on college campuses. This study compares international and domestic graduate students in the USA on domains that are relevant to both student groups (perfectionistic personality, academic stress) and how these factors combinedly predict satisfaction with life. With 531 international and 359 domestic graduate students, results found support for perfectionism and academic stress predicting life satisfaction in both groups with notable similarities and differences. For perfectionists in both student groups, the level of academic stress was an important factor that determines satisfaction with life. Interestingly, for international students only, a perfectionism dimension that has been traditionally considered adaptive (“Standards”) functioned in a maladaptive way. Findings from this study suggest that international and domestic students share similarities and differences that should be noted.

scholarly journals Levels of Stress and Characteristics of Perfectionism in CSD Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Beck ◽  
Heidi Verticchio
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Similarities And Differences

An electronic survey was sent to the Midwest Clinic Directors’ Listserv requesting they distribute it to students in their CSD programs. The survey collected information about demographics, and students’ top three stressors and stress management practices. Students were also asked to complete the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, 1994) and the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R; Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001). A total of 278 CSD undergraduate and graduate students from 15 Midwest institutions responded to the survey. No differences were found between undergraduate and graduate responses to the PSS and the APS-R. Twenty-six percent of the respondents were classified as nonperfectionists, 33% as adaptive perfectionists, and 41% as maladaptive perfectionists. A relationship was found between perceived stress and perfectionism such that respondents with higher levels of perceived stress tended to be classified as maladaptive perfectionists and those with lower levels of perceived stress tended to be classified as adaptive perfectionists. Similarities and differences were found between undergraduates and graduate students in terms of stressors; close to 45% engaged in a stress management practice. Importance of such practices is discussed.

scholarly journals How Does Arise the Force on a Dielectric Slab in a Parallel Plate Capacitor?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (07) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Ignacio Campos-Flores ◽  
José-Luis Jiménez-Ramírez ◽  
José-Antonio-Eduardo Roa-Neri
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Dielectric Slab ◽  
Parallel Plate Capacitor ◽  
Plate Capacitor
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