5 ‘A Third-World City in the First World’: Social Exclusion, Racial Inequality, and Sustainable Development in Baltimore

Author(s):  
Marc V. Levine
Urban Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Pirie

Examining networks of cities in the world rather than ‘world cityness’, the study offers a ‘Southern’ perspective on world city research. It includes places not ordinarily considered. Fourteen years of sample data on cross-border, intercity airline traffic are used as time-series relational information. The data express links between two of South Africa’s principal cities and cities elsewhere in Africa and beyond. The analysis shows persistent and intensifying links, but also sporadic and unstable intercity relations. A gathering concentration on proximate city pairs is apparent. The research also reveals that urban areas commonly regarded as topping the world city hierarchy mix with smaller and less well-known African places in the rankings of connections with Johannesburg and Cape Town. The complex intercity links which constitute urban significance on the world map are not reducible to a subordinate nesting of Third World city ties in a dominant First World matrix.


1995 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
William Ferea

Psychologists at U.P.N.G. have for the last year and a half projected a prominent profile on the issue of “child abuse” in P.N.G. It seems that before the discovery of this problem by the psychologists of U.P.N.G., “child abuse” was not an issue in P.N.G. Since this “discovery” there have been: a workshop on “child abuse in P.N.G.” in July of 1994, an editorial in the nation's second national newspaper on this evil, an interview with the chairman of the psychology department, Dr. David Boorer, enlightening us as to the problem, and a one day seminar on Sept 6, 1995, on the topic of “child Abuse and Pornography”. This problem which U.P.N.G. psychologists have allegedly discovered raises a number of questions. First, has sufficient statistical evidence been offered to substantiate that the original problem of noteworthy magnitude, indeed exists. Second, is there any significant evidence offered to substantiate that there exists “growing concern about child abuse” beyond the statements which have been made by members the psychology staff alleging such concern? Third, “child abuse” is a general term which has become current among certain first world professionals in specific first world contexts. Even in this original context it is very loosely (vaguely?) defined to cover a variety of phenomena: physical, sexual, mental and emotional. Have the U.P.N.G. psychologists given sufficient empirical definition to this first world concept so that it is meaningfully behavioural descriptive in the different third world context of P.N.G.?


2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4805-4813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jin ◽  
Feng Jun Lu ◽  
Xiang Yang Qin

After nearly 20 years of development, agricultural S&T parks in Beijing have become an important carrier and the leading force for the metropolitan modern agriculture development in the capital, and an important model for the modern agriculture development in metropolis. But in the process of the agricultural S&T parks development, low park productivity, insufficient regional integrated development and sustainable development fatigue widely exist. Under the construction of "World City with Chinese Characteristics" and "Humanistic, S&T and Green Beijing", agricultural S&T parks are facing higher development requirements, and it has become a very urgent need to innovatively transform the model of agricultural S&T parks development from "introduction-demonstration-popularization" to "innovation-service-combination of the two". In this paper, based on the scientific analysis of the current situation of agricultural S&T parks in Beijing and the objective analysis of the environmental conditions, by applying such theoretic approaches as strategic analysis, value analysis, knowledge network and so on, the author proposes the innovative development model for agricultural S&T parks in Beijing, including path model of "integration of urban and rural development" at regional level, business model of "three-chain integration" at park operation level and the profitability model of "knowledge creation" at enterprise level. Thees innovative models are of great significance to the sustainable development of agricultural S&T parks in Beijing and other metropolis.


Author(s):  
Cameron McCarthy

Key arguments regarding the relationship between postcolonial art and aesthetics and the emancipatory imagination have implications for pedagogical and curriculum reform in the era of globalization. Postcolonial art, aesthetics, and postcolonial imagination are, and invoke paths through and exceeding, dominant traditions of thought in critical thinking on the status of art. These dominant critical traditions have led us to what Cameron McCarthy calls the “forked road” of cultural Marxism and neo-Marxism: the antipopulism of the Frankfurt School and Habermas and their contemporary affiliates versus the populism of the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies and those insisting on the nearly virtuous engagement of the First World working classes with contemporary consumer culture. These approaches have tended, McCarthy maintains, to generate critical apparati that silence the historically specific work of the colonized inhabitants of the Third World and the periphery of the First. In beckoning curriculum and pedagogical actors in a different direction, toward postcolonial art and aesthetics, McCarthy argues that the work of the postcolonial imagination dynamically engages with systems of domination, authority over knowledge, and representation, destabilizing received traditions of identity, association, and feeling, and offering, in turn, new starting points for affiliation and community that draw on the wellspring of humanity, indigenous and commodified. Key motifs of postcolonial art (literature, performance art, sculpture, and painting) illuminate organizing categories or new aesthetic genres: counter-hegemonic representation, double or triple coding, and utopic and emancipatory visions. These ethically informed dimensions of postcolonial art and aesthetics constitute critical starting points, or tools of conviviality, for a conversation over curriculum change in the tumult of globalization and the reassertion in some quarters of a feral nationalism.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Erik Lane

The implementation process of the global accord on climate change has to start now in order to be implementable. The decentralized process if implementation should take the lessons from the theory of policy implementation into account (Pressman & Wildavsky, 1984; Wildavsky, 1987). The dependency upon various forms of coal (wood, stone) and fossil fuels is so large in the Third World that only massive financial assistance from the First World can mean a difference for the COP21 objectives. And many advanced countries (except Uruguay) also need to make great changes to comply with COP21.


Author(s):  
V. Shmat

According to the hypothesis known as the “resource curse”, natural resources abundance is a brake on economic growth of many Third World countries. But is it really so? The author believes there are deeper reasons why the Third World in general – regardless of the amount of raw material resources available in each country – cannot achieve the same level of welfare as the First World. The “resource curse” theory looks for the origins of the resourceful countries’ economic problems in the institutional sphere. But this seems misleading because of excessively narrow “here and now” approach. The economic and socio-political institutions of individual countries are regarded in short periods of time when “curse” declared itself. Its typical manifestations, such as rent-seeking, stagnation or degradation of the institutions, authoritarian power, snowballing public debt and symptoms of Dutch disease, were seen in many Third World countries long before the development of the major sources of raw materials and regardless of the availability or absence of them. Therefore, it seems appropriate to speak of a kind of “three-fold institutional curse” as an explanation of continuing underdevelopment of many countries and territories. Poor national institutions in the Third World countries are not actually caused by the presence or absence of concentrated natural resources. This is the result of prior historical development with series of discrete transitions from one condition to another: from colonial status – to independent statehood; from poverty – to unexpected wealth mostly based on the exploitation of the natural resources. Qualitative transformation of national institutions usually lags far behind. As a consequence, institutional development enters into a state of stagnation (inhibiting or destabilizing economic growth) that can stretch for very long periods of time. The author concludes that the presence or absence of resources, in fact, has no fundamental impact on the nature of socio-economic development of Third World countries. The major reason hindering institutional progress has external nature, that is heavy economic dependence on the First World (coupled with informal political subordination). This circumstance begets the “resource nationalism” by the developing countries – exporters of raw materials and fuel. History of “resource nationalism” provides a useful lesson for Russia whose economy is features by growing dependency on resources. Acknowledgement. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation. Project № 14-18-02345.


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