Effect of Conditions of Cryogenic Treatment on the Properties of Selected Cold Work Tool Steels

This study examines the influence of different sub-zero processing routes on microstructure and mechanical properties of a cold work tool steel. Incorporation of controlled sub-zero processing cycle in between hardening and tempering treatment of tool steels increases the amount of ultrafine carbide particles with improved homogeneous distribution in addition to reduction in retained austenite content; these modifications are found to be enhanced with decreasing lowest temperature of the sub-zero processing cycle. It has been demonstrated that with reference to conventional heat treatment, sub-zero processing moderately improves hardness and marginally reduces fracture toughness but substantially enhances wear resistance of the selected steel; the extent of variations, in general, increase in the order of cold treatment, shallow cryogenic treatment and deep cryogenic treatment. The relationships of microstructural modifications with the variations of mechanical properties of tool steels due to different sub-zero processing have been established.

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Influence of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance and Microstructure of AISI A8 Tool Steel

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8121038 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1038 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pello Jimbert ◽

Maider Iturrondobeitia ◽

Julen Ibarretxe ◽

Roberto Fernandez-Martinez

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Cryogenic Treatment ◽

Cold Work ◽

Secondary Carbide ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽

Cold Work Tool Steel

The effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the wear behavior of different tool steels have been widely reported in the scientific literature with uneven results. Some tool steels show a significant improvement in their wear resistance when they have been cryogenically treated while others exhibit no relevant amelioration or even a reduction in their wear resistance. In this study, the influence of DCT was investigated for a grade that has been barely studied in the scientific literature, the AISI A8 air-hardening medium-alloy cold work tool steel. Several aspects were analyzed in the present work: the wear resistance of the alloy, the internal residual stress, and finally the secondary carbide precipitation in terms of lengths and occupied area and its distribution into the microstructure. The results revealed a reduction in the wear rate of about 14% when the AISI A8 was cryogenically treated before tempering. The number of carbides that precipitated into the microstructure was 6% higher for the cryogenically treated samples, increasing from 0.68% to 0.73% of the total area they covered. Furthermore, the distribution of the carbides into the microstructure was more homogenous for the cryogenically treated samples.

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Study of Differences between Results from Raboratory Tests and Tests of Real Tools for Selected Cold Work Tool Steels

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.395.113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 395 ◽

pp. 113-123

Author(s):

Martin Kuřík ◽

Jana Sobotová ◽

Nikola Moravcová

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Shape Change ◽

Cryogenic Treatment ◽

Cold Work ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Metallographic Analysis ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Tool Performance ◽

Materials Used

The growing pressure on tool performance and durability increases demands on the materials used and on the choice of optimal heat treatment. The properties of tool steels produced by conventional and powder metallurgy (1.2379, Vanadis 23) were compared after different heat treatment modes. Cryogenic treatment was performed in several batches for 4 hours at-90°C or-196°C. Cryogenic treatment was inserted between quenching and tempering. Mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness tests and three-point bending strength and wear resistance by Pin-on-disk tests. Metallographic analysis was performed using light and electron microscopy. On the basis of the results obtained both materials were subject to selected heat treatment and experimental forming tools produced which were used in operation. During operation the wear of the tools (shape change and volume loss) was assessed. Results of the laboratory tests were then compared with operation tests.

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Effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment in improving mechanical and wear properties of cold work tool steels

International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties ◽

10.1504/ijmmp.2017.091098 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3/4) ◽

pp. 216

Author(s):

B. Podgornik ◽

D. Uršič ◽

I. Paulin

Keyword(s):

Cryogenic Treatment ◽

Cold Work ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Deep Cryogenic Treatment

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Kinetic Investigations of Boronized Cold Work Tool Steels

Materials Testing ◽

10.3139/120.110531 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 104-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Polat Topuz ◽

Eren Yılmaz ◽

Emine Gündoğdu

Keyword(s):

Cold Work ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Kinetic Investigations

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LUKENS TOOL STEELS

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ts0550 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Tool Steel ◽

Cold Work ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Steel Company ◽

Full Size ◽

Heat Treated

Abstract Lukens cold-work tool steels A2, D2, O1, S5, and S7 are used in applications where an air-hardening, oil-hardening, or shock-resisting tool steel is required. These steels are available in full-size, annealed plates suitable for saw cutting and/or finishing. Parts can subsequently be machined and heat treated to a range of hardness requirements. For improved internal cleanliness, all Lukens cold-work tool steels are produced with maximum sulfur levels of 0.010%. This datasheet provides information on composition. It also includes information on machining and joining. Filing Code: TS-550. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

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The Effects of Quenching and Tempering Treatment on the Hardness and Microstructures of a Cold Work Steel

International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences ◽

10.21791/ijems.2019.1.36. ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 286-294

Author(s):

László Tóth ◽

Réka Fábián

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Cryogenic Treatment ◽

Cold Work ◽

Chromium Steel ◽

Primary Carbide ◽

Tempering Temperature ◽

Tempering Treatment ◽

Primary Carbides

The X153CrMoV12 ledeburitic chromium steel characteristically has high abrasive wear resistance, due to their high carbon and high chromium contents with a large volume of carbides in the microstructure. This steel quality has high compression strength, excellent deep hardenability and toughness properties, dimensional stability during heat treatment, high resistance to softening at elevated temperatures. The higher hardness of cryogenic treated samples in comparison with conventional quenched samples mean lower quantity of retained austenite as at samples quenched to room temperature and tempered in similar condition. In the microstructure of samples were observed that the primary carbide did not dissolve at 1070°C and their net structure have not been changed during to heat treatment. During to tempering at high temperature the primary carbides have become more and more rounded. After low tempering temperature in martensite were observed some small rounded carbides also, increasing the tempering temperature the quantity of finely dispersed carbides increased, which result higher hardness. The important issues in heat treatment of this steels are the reduction or elimination of retained austenite due to cryogenic treatment.

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Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-alloyed Tool Steels

HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials ◽

10.1515/htm-2020-750505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 73-93

Author(s):

Alwin Schulz ◽

Chengsong Cui ◽

Matthias Steinbacher ◽

Tuncer Ümit ◽

Martin Wunde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

Cryogenic Treatment ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Primary Carbides ◽

Complete Transformation

Abstract In this work, the influence of a cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the high-alloyed tool steels X38CrMoV5-3, X153CrMoV12 and ~X190CrVMo20-4 were investigated. Based on tempering curves of the steels, the heat treatment parameters were determined for the mechanical and wear specimens so that the conventionally heat-treated steels and the cryogenically treated steels featured similar hardness. The investigations showed that an almost complete transformation of retained austenite and a more homogeneous distribution of secondary carbides in the microstructure could be achieved by incorporating a cryogenic treatment. However, the cryogenic treatment does not show significantly positive effects on the investigated mechanical properties and wear resistance of the tool steels. The wear resistance of the samples was dominated by primary carbides. The cryogenic treatment would have a positive effect on large tool components with large wall thicknesses in terms of uniform and complete transformation of retained austenite throughout the entire components.

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