scholarly journals Modern technologies for formation of effectiveness in biathlon shooting

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Eduard Maliar ◽  
Nelia Maliar ◽  
Andriy Ognystyy ◽  
Kateruna Ognysta
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Multiple Integral ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
Modern Technologies

The analysis of researches of domestic and foreign experts allowed to define system of effective means of formation of efficiency in shooting from lying and standing positions, namely: special shooting exercises for training and improvement by biathletes of preparation of the rifle for shooting in lying and standing position, special shooting exercises for training and techniques for working with a rifle trigger. As a result of the study, it was found that the improvement of shooting results should be by increasing the stability of the weapon in the process of aiming, and reducing the time to prepare for shooting, firing, reloading weapons and exit from the firing line with significant coordination of actions when aiming, holding weapons and shooting. This requires multiple integral actions in both relatively constant and changing conditions to fire with information about the oscillations of the barrel of the weapon during aiming and when firing. To improve the performance of shooting in biathlon, an important factor is to determine the best rhythm of the athlete's shooting and heart rate parameters at the time of shooting. The shooting training program in combination with autogenic and ideomotor training significantly improves the result of shooting by increasing postural control (regulation of body position in space) and stability of biathletes.

Seated Versus Standing Cycling in Competitive Road Cyclists: Uphill Climbing and Maximal Oxygen Uptake

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
David R. Bassett Jr. ◽  
Shane K. Best ◽  
Kenny R. Baker Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Hill Climbing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Road Cyclists

Seven competitive road cyclists (M ± SE = 23.7 ± 1.5 yr, 70.5 ± 1.7 kg) participated to determine the effects of cycling body position on physiological responses during uphill cycling and maximal oxygen uptake [Formula: see text]. There was no significant difference in [Formula: see text] between seated and standing positions on a cycle ergometer (66.4 ± 1.6 vs. 66.4 ± 1.7 ml∙kg−1∙min−1). When the subjects rode their own bicycle on a treadmill, oxygen uptake and heart rate were significantly (p < 0.05) higher during standing when subjects bicycled at 20.0 km∙h−1 (4% grade), but no difference was observed when riding at 12.3 km−1 (10% grade). Leg RPE was significantly (p < 0.05) lower for standing position up a 10% grade. The results suggest that the standing position is less economical during moderate hill climbing, but during steep hill climbing, it results in a decreased sensation of effort in the legs. Key words: bicycling, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

scholarly journals Impact of Standing Speed on the Peripheral and Central Hemodynamic Response to Orthostasis

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. O’Connor ◽  
Matthew D. L. O’Connell ◽  
Hugh Nolan ◽  
Louise Newman ◽  
Silvin P. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Statistical Adjustment ◽  
Central Hemodynamic

Assessment of the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular response to standing has prognostic value for a range of outcomes in the older adult population. Studies generally attempt to control for standing speed differences by asking participants to stand in a specified time but little is known about the range of transition times observed. This study aimed to characterize how standing speed associates with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular measures following transition from supine to standing. Continuous cerebral oxygenation, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored for 3 minutes after transitioning from supine to standing. An algorithm was used to calculate the time taken to transition from existing Finometer data (from the height correction unit). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the influence of transition time on each of the signals while adjusting for covariates. Transition time ranged from 2 to 27 s with 17% of participants taking >10 s to stand. Faster transition was associated with a more extreme decrease 10 s after standing but improved recovery at 20 s for cerebral oxygenation and blood pressure. Standing faster was associated with an elevated heart rate on initiation of stand and a quicker recovery 10 to 20 s after standing. The speed of transitioning from supine to standing position is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular response in the early period after standing (<40 s). Care should be taken in the interpretation of findings which may be confounded by standing speed and statistical adjustment for standing time should be applied where appropriate.

Effects of central venous blood volume shifts on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (4) ◽  
pp. H571-H575 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Billman ◽  
D. T. Dickey ◽  
K. K. Teoh ◽  
H. L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Beta Receptor ◽  
Blood Volume Expansion ◽  
Beta Receptor Blockade

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of anesthesia, body position, and blood volume expansion on baroreflex control of heart rate. Five male rhesus monkeys (7.0-10.5 kg) were given bolus injection of 4.0 micrograms/kg phenylephrine during each of the following situations: awake sitting, anesthetized (AN) (10 mg/kg ketamine-HCl) sitting, AN recumbent, AN 90 degrees head down tilt, and AN 50% blood volume expansion with normal saline. beta-Receptor blockade was also performed on each treatment after anesthesia. Four additional animals were similarly treated after 20% blood volume expansion. R-R interval was plotted against systolic aortic pressure, and the slope was determined by linear regression. Baroreflex slope was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by 90 degrees head down tilt and 50% volume expansion both before and after beta-receptor blockade. A similar trend was seen after 20% volume expansion. These data are consistent with the thesis that baroreflex control of heart rate is reduced by central blood volume shifts.

Body position affects the power spectrum of heart rate variability during dynamic exercise

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renza Perini ◽  
Claudio Orizio ◽  
Stefania Milesi ◽  
Luca Biancardi ◽  
Giuseppe Baselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Dynamic Exercise

BalanCI: Head-Referenced Cochlear Implant Stimulation Improves Balance in Children with Bilateral Cochleovestibular Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (Suppl. 1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus E. Wolter ◽  
Karen A. Gordon ◽  
Jennifer L. Campos ◽  
Luis D. Vilchez Madrigal ◽  
David D. Pothier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: To determine the impact of a head-referenced cochlear implant (CI) stimulation system, BalanCI, on balance and postural control in children with bilateral cochleovestibular loss (BCVL) who use bilateral CI. Methods: Prospective, blinded case-control study. Balance and postural control testing occurred in two settings: (1) quiet clinical setting and (2) immersive realistic virtual environment (Challenging Environment Assessment Laboratory [CEAL], Toronto Rehabilitation Institute). Postural control was assessed in 16 and balance in 10 children with BCVL who use bilateral CI, along with 10 typically developing children. Children with neuromotor, cognitive, or visual deficits that would prevent them from performing the tests were excluded. Children wore the BalanCI, which is a head-mounted device that couples with their CIs through the audio port and provides head-referenced spatial information delivered via the intracochlear electrode array. Postural control was measured by center of pressure (COP) and time to fall using the WiiTM (Nintendo, WA, USA) Balance Board for feet and the BalanCI for head, during the administration of the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB-M). The COP of the head and feet were assessed for change by deviation, measured as root mean square around the COP (COP-RMS), rate of deviation (COP-RMS/duration), and rate of path length change from center (COP-velocity). Balance was assessed by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2, balance subtest (BOT-2), specifically, BOT-2 score as well as time to fall/fault. Results: In the virtual environment, children demonstrated more stable balance when using BalanCI as measured by an improvement in BOT-2 scores. In a quiet clinical setting, the use of BalanCI led to improved postural control as demonstrated by significant reductions in COP-RMS and COP-velocity. With the use of BalanCI, the number of falls/faults was significantly reduced and time to fall increased. Conclusions: BalanCI is a simple and effective means of improving postural control and balance in children with BCVL who use bilateral CI. BalanCI could potentially improve the safety of these children, reduce the effort they expend maintaining balance and allow them to take part in more complex balance tasks where sensory information may be limited and/or noisy.

Unstable heart rate and temperature regulation predict mortality in AKR/J mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. R742-R750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarke G. Tankersley ◽  
Rafael Irizarry ◽  
Susan E. Flanders ◽  
Richard Rabold ◽  
Robert Frank
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Periodicity ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
Susceptibility Model ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Deep Body

Elderly populations face greater risks of mortality when exposed to changes in environmental stress. The purpose of the following study was to develop an age-dependent susceptibility model that achieved the following three goals: 1) to operationally define homeostasis by assessing the stability and periodicity in physical activity, heart rate (HR), and deep body temperature (Tdb), 2) to specify alterations in activity, HR, and Tdb regulation that signal imminent death, and 3) to test the hypothesis that the decay in homeostasis associated with imminent death incorporates the coincident disintegration of multiple physiological systems. To achieve these goals, the circadian regulation of activity, HR, and Tdbwas assessed using radiotelemeters implanted in AKR/J ( n = 17) inbred mice at ∼190 days of age. During a 12:12-h light-dark cycle, weekly measurements were obtained at 30-min intervals for 48-h periods until each animal's natural death. The average (±SE) life span of surgically treated animals did not differ from untreated controls (319 ± 12 vs. 319 ± 14 days). Cardiac and thermal stability were characterized by a circadian periodicity, which oscillated around stable daily averages of 640 ± 14 beats/min in HR and 36.6 ± 0.1°C in Tdb. Stable HR and Tdb responses were compared with extreme conditions 3 days before death, during which a disintegration of circadian periodicity was coincident with a fall in the daily average HR and Tdb of ∼29 and ∼13% lower (i.e., 456 ± 22 beats/min and 31.7 ± 0.6°C), respectively. The results further suggested that multiple predictors of cardiac and thermal instability in AK mice, including significant bradycardia, hypothermia, and a loss of circadian periodicity, forecast life span 5–6 wk before expiration.

Postural Control Profiles of Typically Developing Children From 6 to 12 Years old: An Approach Using Self-Organizing Maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier García-Massó ◽  
Isaac Estevan ◽  
Roberto Izquierdo-Herrera ◽  
Israel Villarrasa-Sapiña ◽  
Luis-Millan Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Self Organizing

The purposes of the present study were a) to establish postural control profiles for individuals 6–12 years of age, b) to analyze the participants’ characteristics (age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity) in those profiles, and c) to analyze the influence of visual information in the profiles found. Two hundred and eight typically developing children aged 6–12 years performed two trials in bipedal standing position with eyes open and closed. Feature extraction involved time, frequency, and sway-density plot variables using signals from the center of pressure. A Self-Organizing Map was used to classify and visualize the values of the participants in all the postural control variables tested. A k-means cluster analysis was applied to generate a small number of postural control profiles. The results determined six postural control profiles; three with participants denoting high stability and three considered as low stability profiles. Age, sex, and height were related to the postural control profiles. Boys were more frequently allocated in high stability clusters than girls, while the other factors yielded unclear difference between high and low stability profiles. The analysis of children’s profiles reflecting postural stability should therefore involve more than one factor including the individuals’ age, sex, and height.

Effects of horizontal body casting on the baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1552-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Billman ◽  
D. T. Dickey ◽  
H. Sandler ◽  
H. L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Least Squares Fit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reflex Control ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term horizontal body position on baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate. Six male rhesus monkeys (6.2–9.4 kg) were given bolus injections of 4.0 micrograms/kg phenylephrine during each of the following conditions: awake, anesthetized (10 mg/kg ketamine HCl), and after beta-blockade (1 mg/kg propranolol HCl) before, 7, 14, and 28 days after being placed in a horizontal body cast. R-R interval vs. systolic arterial pressure was plotted, and the slope was determined by least-squares-fit linear regression. Baroreceptor slope was significantly reduced by 7 days of horizontal body position and remained attenuated throughout the 28-day restraint period both before and after beta-receptor blockade. These data are consistent with the thesis that prolonged exposure to a zero-gravity environment impairs autonomic reflex regulation of the cardiovascular system.

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