scholarly journals Features of t teleroentgenographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion and with different types and profiles of the face according to Schwarz A. M.

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
O. S. Prokopenko ◽  
E. V. Beliaiev ◽  
Mete Korkut Gulmen ◽  
O. I. Popova ◽  
L. А. Cherkasova
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Profile Angle ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Profile Type ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Facial Types

Numerous studies have shown that teleroentgenographic indicators differ in people of different races, ethnicities, different populations, inhabitants of different geographical areas and often differ from the values of such indicators described by the authors of classical methods of cephalometric analysis. The aim of the study was to establish teleroentgenographic parameters that can be most often corrected during orthodontic and surgical interventions and to determine their features in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion depending on profiles and facial types according to Schwarz A. M. The results of studies of lateral teleroentgenogram of the head of 49 young men aged 17 to 21 years and 76 young women aged 16 to 20 years with a physiological bite as close as possible to orthognathic using dental cone-beam tomography Veraviewepocs 3D Morita (Japan) are presented in this work. The morphometric teleroentgenographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws and inter-jaw parameters, which can most often change during surgical, orthodontic, cosmetic interventions in groups of persons with different profiles or types of faces according to Schwarz A. M., were determined. All significant differences between groups of young men with different facial profiles and between groups of young women with different facial profiles are of the same type: in both young men and young women with the first type of face profile – angle B is greater than in representatives with the third profile type, and angle MM is greater than in representatives with the third and second profile types; both in young men and young women with a second face type profile – distance R.asc. larger than the representatives with the first profile type; in both young men and young women with the third face profile type, the angle F is larger than in the representatives with the first profile type, the angle I is larger than in the representatives with the first and second profiles type, and the distances L-Mand and R.asc. larger than the representatives with the first profile type; the angle T have greater values in young men or young women with the first profile type of the face than with the second and third profiles type and have greater values in the representatives with the second profile type than with the first type profile of the face. Another picture is observed in the analysis of indicators in young men and young women with different face types. Thus, in persons with the third type of face the distance Max is greater than in persons with the first type and with the second type of face; the angle F in young men or young women with the third type of face is greater than in representatives with the second and first types, and in representatives with the second type – greater than in young men or young women with the first type of face. Young men with the first type of face have higher values of angles G, B and T than young men with the third type and angle B than young men with the second type of face; in young men with the second type of face – greater values of angle I than in young men with the first type and angle B than in young men with the third type of face; young men with the third type of face have larger values of angle I and distance R.asc. than young men with the first type of face. In young women, only tendencies to higher values of I and T angles were recorded in persons with the third type of face than with the first type. The obtained results indicate the need to divide young men and young women into separate groups according to the profile and type of person for an individualized approach to the definition and analysis of teleroentgenographic indicators in the population of Ukraine.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF NORMATIVE CEPHALOMETRIC PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO THE STEINER METHOD FOR UKRAINIAN YOUNG MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT FACE TYPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Drachevska ◽  
М.О. Dmitriev ◽  
O.I. Popova ◽  
T.V. Chugu ◽  
I.V. Gunas
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Wide Face ◽  
Narrow Face ◽  
The Third ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Types

In Ukrainian young men (n=49) or young women (n=76) with orthognathic occlusion with different face types, numerous reliable and tendencies of differences of cephalometric parameters by the Stainer method were established. Among the indicators belonging to the second group (indicators of the upper and lower jaws according to the Steiner method), significant differences were found only between young women with a very wide face and other types of faces. Among the indicators belonging to the third group (indicators by the Steiner method that characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, cranial structures and soft tissue profile of the face), more pronounced differences are also found between young women with very wide faces and other facial types; among young men – with representatives with a wide face compared to the middle and narrow face types. Among the cephalometric parameters belonging to the second group of indicators, the expressed manifestations of sexual dimorphism of cephalometric parameters are established only for linear indicators; among the parameters belonging to the third group of indicators, the manifestations of sexual dimorphism are established for both linear and angular indicators.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TELEROENTGENOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO THE METHOD OF SCHWARZ A. M. DEPENDING ON THE BASIC CEPHALOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN UKRAINIAN YOUNG MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT FACE TYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492
Author(s):  
Аlla V. Маrchenko ◽  
Oleksandr S. Prokopenko ◽  
Іryna V. Dzevulska ◽  
Tatyana R. Zakalata ◽  
Igor V. Gunas
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dental Intervention ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Facial Types

The aim: Is development and analysis of regression models of teleroentgenographic indices according to Schwarz A. M., which can be adjusted during surgery depending on the parameters that usually do not change in Ukrainian young men and young women with with normal occlusion close to orthognathic occlusion and different facial types. Materials and methods: Teleroentgenographic indices were obtained using a dental cone-beam tomograph Veraviewepocs 3D Morita and studied in 49 young men and 76 young women with normal occlusion close to orthognathic. Persons were divided into groups with different face types according to the recommendations of Schwarz A. M. In the license package “Statistica 6.0”, regression models of teleroentgenographic indices were built according to Schwarz A. M. Results: For young men with orthognathic occlusion and with different types of faces according to Schwarz A. M. constructed 10 of 27 possible reliable regression models of the group of teleroentgenographic indicators, which can be corrected during surgical, orthopedic interventions in dentistry depending on the group of basic, invariable cephalometric indicators greater than 0.6 (R2 = from 0.609 to 0.996); and in young women with different face types, 8 of the 27 possible reliable regression models in which the coefficient of determination is greater than 0.6 (R2 = from 0.642 to 0.986). Conclusions: The developed regression models provide the most individualized approach in determining the method and scope of the required dental intervention.

scholarly journals Correlations of basal cranial structures characteristics determined by Bjork and Jarabak methods with teleradiographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws and tooth location in young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
V. V. Vakhovskyi ◽  
М. М. Shinkaruk-Dykovytska ◽  
A. V. Pogorila ◽  
O. O. Likhitskyi ◽  
I. V. Gunas
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The Face ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Software License

The widespread use of methods of cephalometric analysis in practical orthodontics requires the adaptation of normative indicators for members of the local ethnic group. It is also important to study the relationships between cranial and odontometric parameters to understand the effects of these components on each other. The aim of the study was to establish the peculiarities of correlations between the characteristics of basal cranial structures determined by Bjork and Jarabak methods with teleradiographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws and the location of teeth in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion. Teleradiography was performed in the mode of cephalometric examination of 49 young men (aged 17 to 21 years) and 76 young women (aged 16 to 20 years) who had a physiological bite as close as possible to orthognathic. Cephalometric analysis according to modifications of Jarabak J. R. – Roth-Jarabak and Bjork A. – CFT-Bjork methods, performed using OnyxCeph³™ software, 3DPro version, Image Instruments GmbH, Germany (software license № URSQ-1799). All indicators were divided into three groups according to Dmitriev M. O. (2017): the first group included metric characteristics of the skull, which are used as basic indicators in the methods of cephalometric analysis; to the second group – dental-maxillary in which the skeleton has already been formed and which surgical methods can change the length, width, angles and positions of the upper and lower jaws; to the third group – indicators that actually characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, cranial structures and the profile of the soft tissues of the face. Correlation assessment was performed in the license package "Statistica 6.0" using the non-parametric Spearman method. As a result of the conducted researches in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion the peculiarities of multiple correlations of characteristics of basal cranial structures determined by CFT-Bjork and Roth-Jarabak methods with teleradiographic parameters of upper and lower jaws and tooth location were established. Both the CFT-Bjork method and the Roth-Jarabak method have more reliable correlations in both young men and young women between the first and second groups (23.3 % for young men and 50.0 % for young women for CFT-Bjork and 48.4 % for young men and 41.1% for young women according to Roth-Jarabak) than between the indicators of the first and third groups (respectively 12.8 % for young men and 7.7 % for young women for CFT-Bjork and 22.5 % for young men and 12.5 % for young women for Roth-Jarabak). The expressed manifestations of sexual dimorphism of the received correlations between the indicators defined by CFT-Bjork and Roth-Jarabak methods both on quantity and force, and in some cases on a direction of correlations are established.

scholarly journals Regression models of teleradiographic parameters according to the Jarabak method in young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
V.V. Vakhovskyi ◽  
М.М. Shinkaruk-Dykovytska ◽  
V.H. Chaika ◽  
O.O. Likhitskyi ◽  
V.V. Yasko
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The Face ◽  
Length Width

Obtaining orthognathic occlusion in a patient as a result of treatment is a key goal of any orthodontist. However, the thorny path that both the patient and the doctor must go through involves painstaking work, which primarily begins with planning and choosing a method of orthodontic treatment, predicting and modeling its results. However, the latter is possible only if previously conducted research to determine the normative indicators for a population. The aim of the study was to construct and analyze regression models of teleradiographic parameters according to the Jarabak method in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion. 49 young men and 76 young women with orthognathic occlusion underwent cephalometric analysis of lateral radiographs according to the modification of the method Jarabak J. R. – Roth-Jarabak, performed using the software OnyxCeph³™. All parameters according to the Jarabak method were divided into three groups: the first group included metric characteristics of the skull, which are used as baseline indicators; to the second group – dental-jaw in which the skeleton has already been formed and which surgical methods can change the length, width, angles and positions of the upper and lower jaws; to the third group – indicators that characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, cranial structures and the profile of the soft tissues of the face. Construction of regression models of teleradiographic indicators by the Jarabak method was performed in the licensed package “Statistica 6.0” using step-by-step regression analysis. When modeling teleradiographic parameters according to the Jarabak method, which were included in the second group, depending on the indicators of the first group in young men with orthognathic occlusion, 8 out of 19 possible reliable regression models with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.5 (R2= from 0.589 to 0.950) were constructed. The constructed equations most often include the value of the angle N-S-Ar and the distances Ar-Go and N-S. In young women with orthognathic occlusion, 6 reliable regression models of the second group were constructed depending on the indicators of the first group (R2= from 0.609 to 0.971). The constructed equations most often include the value of the distances Ar-Go, S-Ar, N-S and the angle N-S-Ar. When modeling teleradiographic indicators included in the third group, depending on the indicators of the first and second groups in young men, 5 out of 8 possible reliable regression models with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.5 (R2= from 0.658 to 0.751) were constructed. The constructed equations most often include the values of the angles N-A-Pog, N-Go-Gn, S-N-B and A-N-B. In young women with orthognathic occlusion, 6 reliable regression models of the third group were constructed depending on the indicators of the first and second groups (R2= from 0.509 to 0.772). The constructed regression equations most often include the value of the angles N-A-Pog, A-N-B, S-Ar-Go, S-N-A and the ratio Go_Me:N-S. The obtained models will allow orthodontists to automatically calculate the required cephalometric parameters.

scholarly journals Determination of cephalometric parameters, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment depending on facial types according to Garson in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Drachevska ◽  
М. О. Dmitriev ◽  
Perera Clifford ◽  
V. M. Shevchenko ◽  
I. V. Gunas
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Facial Types

Aesthetics is one of the key elements that accompanies modern medicine, in particular, dentistry. The need for treatment not only eliminates the symptoms of the disease but also leads to the restoration or improvement of the aesthetic appearance of the person, and especially the face, gave impetus to the development of new areas of science and technology. An important step in the implementation of such treatments is experimental research to identify the norm for certain categories of the population, primarily according to sex and ethnic group. The aim of the study was to establish the characteristics of cephalometric parameters in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment, depending on sex and facial types. On the basis of the clinic "Vinintermed" teleroentgenography was performed using a dental cone-beam tomograph Veraviewepocs 3D Morita (Japan). Cephalometric examination of lateral teleroentgenograms in 46 young men (aged 17 to 21 years) and 72 young women (aged 16 to 20 years) with orthognathic occlusion was done. The type of face was determined according to the morphological index of Garson. The evaluation of parameters that usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment was performed in the licensed package "Statistica 6.0" using non-parametric methods of evaluation of the results. The percentile ranges of cephalometric parameters, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment depending on the facial types of Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion has been established. Pronounced manifestations of sexual dimorphism of cephalometric parameters, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment (higher values in young men) are established only for most linear dimensions (values of distances NS, Ar-Go, N-Se, N-CC, P-PTV and S-Ar) in representatives of different types of faces. Both between young men and young women with different face types, there are almost no reliable or tendencies of differences in cephalometric parameters, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Regression models of teleradiographic parameters according to the Bjork method in young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
V. V. Vakhovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
The Face

Annotation. The ability to predict the values of certain teleradiographic indicators and their correlations for young people in need of dental care is a promising area of research. The data obtained will be able to more accurately help doctors build a treatment plan. The aim of the study was to build and analyze regression models of teleradiographic parameters according to the Bjork method in young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion. Cephalometric analysis of lateral teleradiograms (49 young men and 76 young women with orthognathic occlusion) according to the modification of the Bjork A. – CFT-Bjork method, performed using OnyxCeph³™ software, 3DPro version, from Image Instruments GmbH, Germany. Cephalometric parameters were divided into three groups: the first – metric characteristics of the skull, which are used as baseline indicators; the second – indicators of the upper and lower jaws; third – indicators that characterize the position of the teeth relative to each other, cranial structures and the profile of the soft tissues of the face. Regression models of teleradiographic indicators by the Bjork method are built in the license package “Statistica 6.0”. When modeling teleradiography indicators according to the Bjork method, which were included in the second group, depending on the indicators of the first group in young men with orthognathic occlusion, 9 out of 13 possible reliable regression models with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.5 (R2 = from 0.528 to 0.775) were constructed. The constructed regression equations most often include the value of the angles S-N-Pog, NSL/NL, NSL/ML, NL/ML, A-N-Pog, S-N-B and the distance Ii-Is. In young women with orthognathic occlusion, 7 reliable models of indicators of the third group were constructed depending on the indicators of the first and second groups (R2 = from 0.508 to 0.844). The constructed regression equations most often include the value of the angles NSL/ML, NL/ML, A-N-Pog, ML/RL and A-N-B. In young men and young women, the models of indicators belonging to the second group, depending on the indicators of the first group, had coefficients of determination less than 0.5, or were not built at all.

scholarly journals Regression models of individual teleradiographic indicators according to Ricketts method in Ukrainian young men and young women with different face types

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Drachevska
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Surgical Methods

Annotation. Anomalies of the dental-jaw system are one of the most difficult challenges of modern orthodontics, and accordingly require the use of modern and evidence-based therapy. To predict the results of treatment and proper planning of orthodontic interventions, a reliable tool in the hands of an orthodontist is cephalometric analysis by the Ricketts method. An important step in the successful implementation of this method of analysis is to conduct a study taking into account ethnicity, age, sex and the influence of facial type on teleradiographic indicators calculated by this method. The aim of the study is to build and analyze regression models of teleradiographic indicators used in the Ricketts method for Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion with different face types. Ricketts teleradiography was performed for 49 young men and 76 young women with orthognathic occlusion. Cephalometric analysis was performed using OnyxCeph³™ software, 3DPro version, Image Instruments GmbH, Germany (software license URSQ-1799). The division into facial types was performed by determining the morphological index of Garson. All indicators were divided into three groups: the first group included the main cephalometric points and measurements used in modern cephalometric analyzes Schwartz, Ricketts, Steiner, Roth-Jarabak, Burstone and Bjork and are parameters that usually do not change during surgery and orthodontic treatment; to the second group – metric dental-jaw characteristics by the Ricketts method by which surgical methods can change the length, width, angles and position of the jaws; to the third group – indicators according to the Ricketts method which characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, cranial structures and the profile of the soft tissues of the face. Regression models of individual teleradiographic indicators are built using the license package "Statistica 6.0". Only reliable models with a coefficient of determination higher than 0.6 were subject to analysis. Of the 13 possible facial features, 9 models of teleradiographic indicators (R² = from 0.691 to 0.834) were included to the second group, depending on the indicators of the first group, and 9 (R² = from 0.640 to 0.910) of the 15 possible models of indicators were included to the third group depending on the indicators of the first and second groups. In young men with a wide type of face, the constructed models of indicators included to the second group, depending on the indicators of the first group, most often include the distance Ar-Go (20.7 %), angle POr-NBa (13.8 %), distances N-S and S-E and the ratio N-S:S-Ar' (10.3 % each); and to the models of indicators included in the third group depending on the indicators of the first and second groups – the angle N-CF-A (12.8 %), the distance Ar-Go (10.3 %), the distances N-CC and A-NPog and angle ANS- Xi-Pm, POr-ANSPNS and DC-Xi-Pm (7.7 % each). In young women with a very wide type of face out of 13 possible built only 2 models of teleradiographic indicators (R² = 0.691 and 0.834) which were included to the second group depending on the indicators of the first group and 5 (R² = from 0.628 to 0.919) of 15 possible models of indicators which entered the third group depending on the indicators of the first and second groups. In young women with a very wide type of face, the constructed models of indicators included in the third group, depending on the indicators of the first and second groups, most often include the distance Xi-Pm (18.2 %), as well as the distance P-PTV and angles MeGo-NPog and POr-CFXi (9.1 % each). In young women with a wide type of face from 13 possible 5 models of teleradiographic indicators (R² = from 0.606 to 0.854) which were included in the second group depending on indicators of the first group and 7 (R² = from 0.607 to 0.888) from 15 possible models of indicators which were entered to the third group depending on the indicators of the first and second groups. In young women with a wide type of face, the constructed models of indicators included in the second group, depending on the indicators of the first group, most often include the distance Ar-Go (28.6 %) and the angle POr-NBa and the ratio S-ar:ar-Go (14.3 %), and to the models of indicators included in the third group depending on the indicators of the first and second groups – the distances A-NPog and Xi-Pm and the angle NBa-PtG (10.3 % each).

scholarly journals Regression models of individual cephalometric indicators used in the method of R. M. Ricketts

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
A. V. Chernysh
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Third ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

It is proved that in the analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms according to different methods distances and angles have their normative indices which differ for persons of different ethnic, gender and age belongings. Therefore, for a full use in the orthodontics R.M. Ricketts method, similar studies are needed in Ukraine. The purpose of the work – in young men and women  with normal occlusion close to the orthognathic bite and harmonious face construct and analyze the regression models of teleroentgenographic indicators used in the method of R. M. Ricketts. Primary lateral teleroentgenograms of 38 young men (aged 17-21 years) and 55 young women (aged from 16 to 20 years) with normal occlusion close to orthognathic bite and harmonic face, obtained from the Veraviewepocs 3D device, Morita (Japan), taken from the bank data of research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Cephalometric measurements were performed according to the recommendations of R. M. Ricketts. All indicators were divided into three groups: 1 - metric characteristics of the skull, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment; 2 – tooth-jaw indicators, the definition of which most often guided by performing orthodontic manipulations of patients in children and adolescents, as well as those with already formed bone skeleton when orthodontic surgery can change the width, length, angles and position of the bones of the upper and lower jaws; 3 - indicators that characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, to the bony cranial structures and face profile. The regression models of individual teleroentgenographic indicators used in the R.M. Ricketts methodology are constructed using the “Statistica 6.0” licensing package. Constructed all 2 reliable models of the indicators included in the second group (distance Go-CF and Xi-Pm), depending on the indicators of the first group (in young men R2 = 0.884 and 0.928, and in young women - 0.735 and 0.719); as well as in young men, 7 out of 8 possible reliable models (R2 = from 0.568 to 0.887) of the indicators included in the third group (the magnitude of the distances 6u-6l, Overjet, Overbite, 6u-PTV, 1l-APog, 1u-APog and Xi-OcP ) depending on the indicators of the first and second groups; and only 5 models for young women (6u-PTV, 1l-APog, 1u-APog and Xi-OcP distances, and the magnitude of the Max1-APog angle). In the analysis of entering into the regression models of the relevant predictors, it was found that in young men, among the teleroentgenographic indicators of the first group included in the two models of the second group, is the distance P-PTV, and in young women the front length of the base of the skull N-CC and the back of the skull base Ar- Pt It was also found that among young men among the teleroentgenographic indicators of the first and second groups, which were included in the models of the third group, the most frequent is the value of the distance B-Pog (11.1%); while in young women - distance B-Pog (15.6%) and an angle DC-Xi-PM (9.4%).

"The Hero of This Little History"

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Hyson Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Other ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Victorian Women ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Similar Restriction

Using Anthony Trollope’s character Tom Tringle ofAyala’s Angel, I argue that in his portrayal of the hobbledehoy, Trollope is imposing on Victorian boys and young men a code of behavior every bit as restrictive and every bit as unnatural as the “suffer and be still” doctrine imposed on girls and young women. Using critical tools from the fields of Masculinity Studies and studies of literary character, I discuss Trollope’s portrayal of Tom Tringle as emblematic of the restrictions Victorian gender ideology placed on women. What emerges is a new dimension to Victorian gender studies. The admonition addressed to Victorian women of all ages and classes that they should “suffer and be still” in the face of any adversity is well known, and is often accompanied by the assumption that no similar restriction is placed on boys and men. In the world of Anthony Trollope’s novels, however, unlike that of many other Victorian novelists, women seldom need much taming, as obedience is a strong character trait in the majority of his heroines. His young men, on the other hand, tend to be far less morally evolved, and in Trollope’s love plots, if anyone has to undergo profound changes of character before being fit for marriage, it is usually the man. I argue that Trollope’s stern but gentle treatment of the misfit Tom provides further answers to the often debated question of Trollopes relative conservatism.

scholarly journals Regression models of individual cephalometric indicators used in the method of E.P. Harvold

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A.V. Chernysh ◽  
P.A. Hasiuk ◽  
V.V. Yasko ◽  
D.G. Smolko
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
The Difference

Many scientific studies have shown the superiority of the Harvold method when performing linear measurements for both the upper and lower jaw. The purpose of the work is to construct and analyze the regression models of teleroentgenographic indices used in the method of E.P. Harvold young men and women with normal occlusion close to orthognathic bite and harmonic face. The analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms of 38 young men (aged from 17 to 21) and 55 young women (aged from 16 to 20 years) with normal occlusion close to orthognathic bite and harmonic face, obtained using the Veraviewepocs 3D device, Morita (Japan), was performed according to the techniques of R.M. Ricketts, C.J. Burstone, E.P. Harvold. In the course of the study, all the indicators of the above methods, were divided into three groups: 1 – metric characteristics of the skull, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment; 2 – indicators of the tooth-jaw system that allow people with already formed bone skeleton to change the width, length, angles and position of the bones of the upper and lower jaws; 3 – indicators that characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, to the bony cranial structures and face profile. In the licensed package “Statistica 6.0”, regression models were constructed for the following parameters included in the second group, depending on the parameters of the first group: ANS-Сond (maxillary length in the Harvold method described as TM-ANS), Pog-Cond (mandibular length in the E.P. Harvold method is indicated as TM-PGN), Max-Mand – (difference in jaw lengths); as well as the index included in the third group, depending on the indicators of the first and second groups – Ap1uAp1l-DOP (angle Ap1uAp1l-DOP). In the young men, all three possible reliable models of teleroentgenographic parameters were constructed using the E.P. Harvold method, which were included in the second group, depending on the indicators of the first group (R2 = from 0.616 to 0.940), and in young women only the length of the upper and lower jaws (R2=0.857 and 0.792). In both young men and women, all models of the second group of models built according to the indicators of the first group included the distance P-PTV. Up to two models for young men and one model for young women included the distance Pt-N. Also, one model for young men and women included the angle of the cranial tilt (POr-NBa). Only young women have models for the front length of the skull base (N-CC). As for young men and women, we also built a reliable model of the third group indicator, depending on the indicators of the first and second groups (the angle Ap1uAp1l-DOP) (respectively, R2=0.626 and R2=0.584). And in young men and women, the size of the distance A-B is included to the constructed regression equations. In addition, in young men, the regression equation includes the value of the distance P-PTV; while in young women - the angles of the ANS-Xi-PM, MeGo-NPog and N-CF-A, as well as the difference in jaw lengths Max-Mand.

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