DETERMINATION OF NORMATIVE CEPHALOMETRIC PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO THE STEINER METHOD FOR UKRAINIAN YOUNG MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT FACE TYPES

In Ukrainian young men (n=49) or young women (n=76) with orthognathic occlusion with different face types, numerous reliable and tendencies of differences of cephalometric parameters by the Stainer method were established. Among the indicators belonging to the second group (indicators of the upper and lower jaws according to the Steiner method), significant differences were found only between young women with a very wide face and other types of faces. Among the indicators belonging to the third group (indicators by the Steiner method that characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, cranial structures and soft tissue profile of the face), more pronounced differences are also found between young women with very wide faces and other facial types; among young men – with representatives with a wide face compared to the middle and narrow face types. Among the cephalometric parameters belonging to the second group of indicators, the expressed manifestations of sexual dimorphism of cephalometric parameters are established only for linear indicators; among the parameters belonging to the third group of indicators, the manifestations of sexual dimorphism are established for both linear and angular indicators.

Face Proportions, and Analysis of Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Facial Proportions in a Thai Population

Background: Esthetics is the primary consideration for patients looking for prosthetic treatment. Determining the facial types of Thai populations is important because most studies conducted in Caucasian populations mention their facial types, and describe the gender comparisons, and GP of the teeth. Objectives: This study compared facial proportions, analyzed the maxillary anterior teeth proportions and determined the relationships between teeth with facial measurements using the Golden Proportion (GP) and Golden Standard (GS) in a Thai population. Methods: A total of 200 students (18-35 years) with well-aligned maxillary anterior teeth participated in this study. Face heights and widths were measured from the face using digital calipers and faces were classified as narrow, average, and broad. Teeth and face proportions were compared with GP and GS. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare maxillary anterior teeth proportions and facial proportions with different face types (α= 0.05). Pearson’s correlation was used (α= 0.05) to determine the correlation between facial proportion and teeth dimension among different facial types. Results: The findings showed 82.50% narrow face, 13.50% average, and 4% broad face among Thai subjects. No GP or GS was found in the face and anterior teeth, but teeth and face proportions other than GP and GS were found. No significant correlation was found between the Width of the Central Incisor (WCI) with interpupillary distance and alar width. Conclusion: In this study, the GP was not found in the facial and teeth proportion. The data obtained from this study may help to provide guidelines for prosthetic and orthodontic management and help to select the proper size and form of the maxillary anterior teeth to achieve proper esthetic outcomes in the Thai population.

Facial anthropometry in an adult male with Sotos syndrome

Sotos Syndrome is a dominant autossomic disease caused by a mutation in NSD1 gene localized in chromosome 5. The craniofacial phenotype of Sotos Syndrome is quite distinctive, especially in the young child, and includes macrocephaly, widelyspaced eyes, prominent chin and mandible, high and curved forehead, palpebral slits oblique and downward, long and narrow face. This phenotype plays an important role in the identification of this syndrome. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the craniofacial anthropometric landmarks of a young adult male with medical diagnosis of Sotos Syndrome. Material and methods: Using noninvasive method of craniofacial anthropometry, twenty five anthropometric measurements were taken of the individual and compared with the facial pattern of non-syndromic individuals, matched in gender and age. The findings were standards and converted to Z-scores. Results: the data analysis showed that the majority of variables were in supernormal range (greater than +2 standard deviation (SD). None none of them was in the subnormal range (less than –2SD). Conclusion: Anthropometric analysis of Sotos Syndrome demonstrated the usefulness of craniofacial analysis in defining abnormal craniofacial dimensions.

Modeling by regression analysis of the transverse dimensions of the upper and lower jaws and sagittal characteristics of the dental arch in young women with a very wide face, depending on the features of the odonto- and cephalometric indicators

Providing maximum individual orthodontic care to the patient is impossible without the use of modern instrumental methods of research and considering odontometric and cephalometric characteristics of representatives of relevant populations of different sex and age. The purpose of the study is to develop and analyze regression models of computed tomography sizes necessary to construct the correct form of dental arches in young women with a very wide face, depending on the characteristics of odonto- and cephalometric indicators. Primary computed tomographic indices of tooth size and cephalometric parameters of 50 young women with normal occlusion close to orthognathic occlusion were obtained from the data bank of the scientific-research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Face type was determined using the Garson morphological index. The following distribution is established: with a very wide face – 21, with a wide face – 20, with a medium face – 6, with a narrow face – 3, with a very narrow face – 0. Therefore, only young women with a wide and very wide face were selected for further modeling. The development of regression models of linear dimensions necessary for the construction of the correct form of dental arches, depending on the features of odonto- and cephalometric indicators in young women with very wide faces, was carried out in a licensed statistical package “Statistica 6.0”. It is established that young women with a very wide type of face with normal occlusion have built all 18 possible reliable models (with a coefficient of determination from 0.863 to 0.962) of linear computed tomography sizes used to construct the correct form of dental arches of the upper and lower jaws in depending on the features of odontometric and cephalometric indicators. Built models in young women with a very wide face type included more often odontometric (73.0 %) than cephalometric (27.0 %) data. Among the odontometric indicators, the most frequently included models are: width of crowns of teeth in mesio-distal direction (20.7 %); width of the teeth at the level of the anatomical neck in the mesio-distal direction (14.4 %) and width of the crowns of the teeth in the vestibulo-oral direction (10.8 %); and among the cephalometric indicators – the greatest length of the head (3.6 %); average width of face and height of lower lip (2.7 % each). Thus, in young women with a very wide type of face with normal occlusion close to orthognathic occlusion, all 18 possible reliable regression models of reproduction of the individual characteristics of the dental arches of the upper and lower jaws depending on the odonto- and cephalometric parameters were developed and analyzed.

Numerical Simulation of Solidification Behavior and Solute Transport in Slab Continuous Casting with S-EMS

A 3D numerical model was built to investigate the transport phenomena in slab continuous casting process with secondary electromagnetic stirring (S-EMS). In the model, the columnar grain grew from strand surface and it should be treated as a porous media. While for the equiaxed zone, the nucleated grain moves with fluid flow in the earlier stage and it was regarded as a slurry. The model was validated by measured strand surface temperature and magnetic induction intensity. The results show that the solidification end near the 1/4 width of slab was postponed, due to the liquid flow from a submerged entry nozzle injected to the strand’s narrow face. As the linear stirring in the same direction is applied, liquid moves from side B to side A and then penetrates deep downward with higher temperature. In the later stage, the solidification end near the side A is postponed and the solute element is concentrated. When linear stirring in the opposite direction is used, the solidification end near the side A moves backward, while that near the side B moves forward. Moreover, it is found that the solute segregation in the side B is deteriorated, but that in the side A is reduced. As rotational stirring mode is applied, the evenness of solidification end profile is improved and the centerline segregation is reduced, especially with higher current intensity. Therefore, it is concluded that the linear stirring mode is not appropriated for slab casting, while the rotational stirring mode is more suitable.

Partial trisomy 15: a rare occurrence

Partial trisomy 15q is a very rare entity and most of them are characterized by duplication of regions 15q21-15q26.3. This duplication is frequently associated with deletions in another chromosome resulting in unbalanced translocations. Authors report here, a rare case of partial trisomy 15, with breakpoints between 15q11.1 to q23, probably the first reported case with these breakpoints. Irrespective of the breakpoints, the phenotypic features are consistent in all affected cases and predominantly consist of craniofacial anomalies. In addition, finger abnormalities, very short neck, skeletal malformations and congenital heart disease may be present. Our neonate had typical dysmorphic features of arachnocamptodactyly, narrow face, large prominent, nose with broad nasal bridge, long philtrum, pointed chin, short neck, and low set deformed ears. Neonates’ cytogenetic analysis revealed additional chromosomal material on the long arm of the chromosome 15 from q11.1 to q23.1, which was suggestive of partial trisomy of chromosome 15. Most cases reported have had a stormy clinical course, however, our proband had only mild respiratory distress at birth and she was discharged in a few days.

Mold taper optimization for continuous casting of H-beam blanks

The objective of this study is to optimize the mold taper for continuous casting of H-beam blanks. A thermo-mechanical coupled mathematical model was established to analyze the heat transfer, solidification, and shrinkage of the strand in the mold based on the multiple load step method. Based on the simulation results of the air gap distribution in the mold, the mold taper was optimized at selected points on the surface of H-beam blank mold by minimizing the air gap thickness and the best taper scheme was proposed. The results show that the original mold tapers are relatively larger and the optimum mold tapers are as follows: (1) taper at the flange surface: 0.81%/m; (2) taper at the narrow face: 0.68%/m; (3) taper at the fillet: −1.44%/m. The optimum mold size obtained from taper optimization was used in the actual continuous casting process and based on the results, it can be concluded that the optimum mold taper scheme proposed in this study reduced the formation of surface cracks in H-beam blanks.

Capuchin monkeys do not differentiate between images of different facial width

Previous research has shown links between the facial Width-to-Height Ratio (fWHR) and Assertiveness in brown capuchins, Sapajus apella. Similar to research in humans that suggests the male face may be a cue to dominance-related traits such as aggression, in capuchins, wider faces are associated with higher Assertiveness. In the current study we assessed whether capuchins differentiate between wide versus narrow faces. Using facial photographs manipulated for higher or lower fWHR, we examined capuchins' latency to approach a wide or narrow face, and compared this with their latency to approach an alpha versus non-alpha group member. We predicted that if capuchins perceive wider faces of unfamiliar individuals as more assertive than those with narrower faces, then they would exhibit a longer latency to approach the wide over the narrow face condition. Whilst capuchins did exhibit a significantly longer latency to approach alpha versus non-alpha group members, there was no significant difference in their latency to approach either manipulated facial condition. These results suggest that capuchins do not respond to static images in the same way as they respond to real conspecifics, or that they do not use facial width as a cue to Assertiveness in their approach behaviour. We propose alternative methodology to explore whether face width is a cue to social status or assertive traits in nonhuman primates.