scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of accommodation spasm prevention programs for schoolchildren

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-691
Author(s):  
M.O. Starinets ◽  
O.M. Oсheredko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Accommodation Spasm

Annotation. The relevance of the study is due to the prevalence of accommodation spasm in schoolchildren and the uncertainty regarding the clinical and economic effectiveness of prevention programs. The aim of the study was to develop a new approach to cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of programs for the prevention of spasm accommodation in schoolchildren. The proposed methodology is based on the economic theory of moral hazard and included analytical optimization with the derivation of the equilibrium model. The data are organized into a dynamic sample of schoolchildren with a panel design with replenishment with first-graders during 2012–2015, followed by observation until 2017 with sample size of 1115. It has been established that from a cost-benefit perspective, additional measures of an expanded prevention program, aimed primarily at improving compliance and improving the management of a standard program, provide a net profit in 42.45% of students (430 out of 1013). It has been established that the benefits of an expanded program increase in terms of cost-benefit compared to the existing one: in the schoolchildren with tonsillitis, burdened heredity, daily continuous computer work for more than 2 hours, the presence of stressful situations, a history of eclipses in the eyes. To evaluate preventive programs, future gains should be considered, since this problem is even more clearly related to the prevention of myopia. This will lead to greater efficiency of the expanded program due to better clinical efficacy (not shown in the article).

Inferring age from otolith measurements: a review and a new approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIC Chris Francis ◽  
Steven E Campana
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Method ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Mixture Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
The Cost

In 1985, Boehlert (Fish. Bull. 83: 103–117) suggested that fish age could be estimated from otolith measurements. Since that time, a number of inferential techniques have been proposed and tested in a range of species. A review of these techniques shows that all are subject to at least one of four types of bias. In addition, they all focus on assigning ages to individual fish, whereas the estimation of population parameters (particularly proportions at age) is usually the goal. We propose a new flexible method of inference based on mixture analysis, which avoids these biases and makes better use of the data. We argue that the most appropriate technique for evaluating the performance of these methods is a cost–benefit analysis that compares the cost of the estimated ages with that of the traditional annulus count method. A simulation experiment is used to illustrate both the new method and the cost–benefit analysis.

A Concise Overview of Penology and Penal Practice in Slovenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorazd Meško ◽  
Chuck Fields ◽  
Tomaž Smole
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Inmate Population ◽  
Prison Overcrowding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Near Future

Although Slovenia has one of the lowest incarceration rates in the world, there are not enough facilities to house the current inmate population, and prison overcrowding is becoming a serious problem in the country. This article addresses this issue, beginning with an in-depth history of penology and penal practices in Slovenia and concluding with suggestions to deal with this potentially disastrous situation. If the imprisonment rate in Slovenia does not decrease in the near future, or if Slovenia cannot create more capacity, prison overcrowding will grow beyond acceptable standards. The present situation in Slovene prisons calls for a multidisciplinary research and cost/benefit analysis. The Slovenian prison administration is challenged by its budget and staff resources. However, it is argued that the problem goes beyond this capacity and requires a serious reconsideration of penal policy, criminal court practice, and parole committee practices as well. It is also necessary to emphasize that Slovenia is the only country in the European Union without a probation service system.

Outbreak of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection Among Thai Healthcare Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anucha Apisarnthanarak ◽  
Rungrueng Kitphati ◽  
Pranee Tawatsupha ◽  
Kanokporn Thongphubeth ◽  
Piyaporn Apisarnthanarak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Serologic Test ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
History Of

Objective.To evaluate the correlation between self-report of a prior history of chickenpox and results of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) immunoglobulin (Ig) G serologic test results in an outbreak of VZV infection among Thai healthcare workers (HCWs) and to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of establishing routine VZV immunization as part of an occupational health program on the basis of the outbreak data.Methods.All exposed patients received prophylaxis and the HCWs in our 3 intensive care units (ICUs) were prospectively evaluated. HCWs were assessed for disease history and serologic evidence of VZV IgG. A cost-benefit analysis was performed.Results.After 140 HCWs and 18 ICU patients were exposed to VZV, 10 HCWs (7%) with active VZV infection were relieved from work until skin lesions were crusted. Acyclovir (ACV) was prescribed to all 10 HCWs with active disease, and all 18 exposed patients received prophylaxis with ACV. Of 140 HCWs, 100 consented to longitudinal follow-up. Twenty-three (100%) of the HCWs who reported a history of chickenpox also had serologic test results that were postive for VZV IgG, compared with 30 (39%) of 77 HCWs who reported no prior history of chickenpox, yet had test results that were positive for VZV IgG. Reported history of chickenpox had a sensitivity of 43%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 61% with respect to VZV infection immunity. The total cost estimate for this outbreak investigation was $23,087.Conclusions.An HCWs reported history of chickenpox was a reliable predictor of immunity; a report of no prior history of chickenpox was unreliable. Our cost-benefit analysis suggests that the costs of an occupational health program that included VZV surveillance and immunization for the next 323 HCWs would be approximately equal to the excess costs of $17,227 for the ACV therapy, HCW furloughs, and staff overtime associated with this outbreak.

scholarly journals PNS36 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Dental Prevention Programs for Children in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S87
Author(s):  
M. Lai ◽  
T. Lan ◽  
Y.M. Chen ◽  
Y.C. Lee ◽  
T.J. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Benefit Analysis

Environmental sustainability

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ekins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Ecosystem Goods And Services ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
The Cost

This paper reflects on the extensive literature on environmental sustainability that has been produced over the last two decades, and proposes a new approach for environmental policy that goes beyond the cost-benefit analysis that has proved so difficult to implement for non-marginal environmental issues. This approach combines the Safe Minimum Standard approach, which was proposed many years ago, with the concepts of environmental functions and ecosystem goods and services, which have been developed much more recently. It is shown that this approach provides the basis for a robust calculation of sustainability across different environmental themes, following which a ‘sustainability gap’, showing the extent to which this standard is not being met, may be computed. This gap may be expressed in both physical and monetary terms, which permits the formulation of sustainability performance in a scientifically robust, easily communicable indicator that may be compared with GDP. While there appear to be no insurmountable scientific or practical obstacles to the full operationalization of this approach, it remains to be seen whether human societies are sufficiently concerned about the implications of continuing environmental unsustainability to make the resources available for such operationalization, and to enact the policies to allow the sustainability standards to be met.

Assessing North Korean Nuclear Intentions and Capacities: A New Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques E. C. Hymans
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Technical Capacity ◽  
Measured Response

This article develops a novel assessment of the nuclear program of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Using a theory-driven approach rooted in comparative foreign policy analysis, the article undermines two common assumptions about the DPRK nuclear threat: first, that the North Korean leadership's nuclear intentions are a measured response to the external environment and, second, that the DPRK has developed enough technical capacity to go nuclear whenever it pleases. In place of these assumptions, the article puts forth the general theoretical hypotheses that (1) the decision to go nuclear is rarely if ever based on typical cost-benefit analysis, and instead reflects deep-seated national identity conceptions, and (2) the capacity to go nuclear depends not only on raw levels of industrialization and nuclear technology, but also on the state's organizational acumen. Applied to the case of the DPRK, these hypotheses suggest that it has long been strongly committed to the goal of acquiring an operational nuclear deterrent, but also that it has been finding it very difficult to successfully implement that wish. The article also demonstrates that these hypotheses are supported by the meager evidence available on this case.

scholarly journals Compensation of CO2 Emissions from Petrol Stations with Photovoltaic Parks: Cost-Benefit and Risk Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Ivan Beloev ◽  
Katerina Gabrovska-Evstatieva ◽  
Boris Evstatiev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach for reducing the CO2emissions in the transport sector based on emission compensation. A cost-benefit analysis method of investments in photovoltaic parks at petrol stations is used, which accounts for all the initial investments and maintenance costs in terms of expenses. The benefits are divided into financial and ecological. The method has been implemented in the specialised cost-benefit analysis tool, and an analysis has been performed for the city of Ruse, Bulgaria. Risk analysis on the influence of the main risk factors - the price of conventional energy and the buying price of energy from renewable energy sources is also performed. The results showed that investments in photovoltaic parks at petrol stations could pay off within 6 to 9 years in the more likely scenarios. The investment could reduce the CO2emissions, related to the petrol station, by 10% to 37% depending on the scenario and the criterion used.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit Analysis of Comprehensive Mental Health Prevention Programs in Japanese Workplaces: A Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko IIJIMA ◽  
Kazuhito YOKOYAMA ◽  
Fumihiko KITAMURA ◽  
Takashi FUKUDA ◽  
Ryoichi INABA
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Health Prevention
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