scholarly journals Photosynthetic parameters of durum winter wheat plantings depending on the variety

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
V. V. Liubych ◽  
◽  
I. O. Polianetska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Apical Leaf ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Under different weather conditions, not all plant varieties successfully adapt to agro-ecosystems. Given that, wheat is the most important food crop It is important to study the possibility of its adaptation to climatic conditions. The choice of plant variety is the first, most important and most difficult stage for wheat producers. Aim. To study the parameters of photosynthetic activity of durum winter wheat plantings depending on the variety. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The article presents the formation of photosynthetic parameters (length, leaf width, number of leaves on one stem, area of one leaf, area of one stem, leaf surface area, apical leaf parameters) of durum winter wheat plantings depending on the variety. The length and width of durum winter wheat leaves varied significantly depending on the variety and stage of plant growth. On the average for three years of researches the number of leaves on one stem in the tillering stage was 4.1–4.5 pieces depending on the variety. In the booting stage, this indicator was the lowest – 3.1–3.3 pieces, and in the earing stage of all varieties was at the level of 4.0 pieces. The number of leaves on the stem almost did not change during the milk stage of grain – 3.9–4.0 pieces. The parameters of the apical leaf also varied significantly with weather conditions. The area of apical leaves in 2013 in the standard and studied varieties was 5.9 and 5.5–7.3 thousand m2/ha, respectively. In the following 2014, the leaf area indicator was higher than in 2013 by 51–60%. The increase in leaf area in durum winter wheat in 2014 is due to the formation of a higher number of stems compared to 2013. Conclusions. Photosynthetic parameters of durum winter wheat plantings have features. The number of leaves on one stem changed the least depending on the year of study, as the variation coefficient was insignificant (V = 1.7–3.6 %). The length and width of durum wheat leaf varied in a wide range - V = 3.7–53.0 %. In the more favourable 2014, the leaf surface area was 40.1–71.0 thousand m2/ha in the earing stage, and in the less favourable – 15.9–29.0 thousand m2/ha in the earing and milk stages of grain depending on the variety. The area of apical leaves varies from 5.7–7.3 to 8.8–14.2 thousand m2/ha depending on the weather conditions of the season

scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE SPRING-SUMMER PERIOD OF VEGETATION DEPENDING ON CONDITIONS OF MINERAL NUTRITION IN THE RIGHT–BANK OF LISOSTEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Сherno ◽  
Y. S. Ryabovol ◽  
V. V. Liubych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
The Right

The article discusses the features of the growth and development of wheat plants in winter, the precursor of which was soy in the spring-summer growing season on black soil opidzolenii by the Right-Bank of Lisosteppe of Ukraine. The dynamics of productive moisture in the soil, the influence of weather conditions on the duration of the passage of the phases of vegetation, as well as their effect on the growth and development of plants was studied. The effect of various doses and timing of the use of nitrogen fertilizers on biometric indicators, leaf surface area, mass of 100 dry plants and productivity of winter wheat variety Lazurnaya was established. Nitrogen fertilizers provide an increase in the mass of 100 dry plants by 8–16 % with the advantage of their one-time introduction to the tillering phase. A correlation between green mass of plants in different periods (tillering, tubing, heading) of vegetation and yield of winter crops has been established. The correlation between the amount of precipitation was weak (R = 0,2), strong during the exit phase into the tube (R = 0,77), and very strong during the heading phase (R = 0,96). The relationship between plant height and yield at different periods of vegetation was revealed: during the tillering phase, the correlation was significant (R = 0,55), the yield and heading were strong (R = 0,88) has been identified. The leaf surface area varied depending on weather conditions and fertilizer doses. It was greatest in the phase of entering the tube with a single application of nitrogen fertilizers with a dose of 60 kg/ha a.s., and the smallest – in the phase of milk maturity, and on average over the years of research varied from 14,7 to 22,1 thousand m2/ha depending on the intensification of fertilizers. It was found that the yield of winter wheat depended on weather conditions and fertilizers. On average, according to experience, it increased by 30–54 % and depended more on doses of fertilizers than on the timing of their use. It was the largest (6,28 t/ha) at a reliable level when P30K30 + N60 + N60 was added. A high level of reliability of the approximation (R2 = 0,96) between yield and intensification of fertilizer was found.

scholarly journals Growth and productivity of wheat plants under drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
O. I. Zhuk ◽  
O.O. Stasik
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Aim. The goal of this work was to study the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis on the growth and productivity of breed winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of cultivars Darunok Podillya and Podolyanka were grown under optimal nutrition and well-water conditions until the earing-flowering phase, after that the experimental plants were transferred to drought regime for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of vegetation. During the experiment, the leaf surface area, the mass of internodes and ear were determined. Ripened plants were analyzed according to the structure of the yield. Results. It was established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis the earing-flowering caused to the decreasing in leaf surface area, mass of internodes, ear, mass and number of grains in the ear and plant, weight of 1000 grains. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of earing-flowering led to a decrease in the productive of breed winter wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth of ear, decreasing grain number and the mass of ear and grains. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., internode, ear, productivity, drought.

scholarly journals Generating and testing hypotheses about the fossil record of insect herbivory with a theoretical ecospace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R Schachat ◽  
Jonathan L Payne ◽  
C Kevin Boyce ◽  
Conrad C Labandeira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Fossil Flora ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Damage Type ◽  
Damage Types

A typical fossil flora examined for insect herbivory contains a few hundred leaves and a dozen or two insect damage types. Paleontologists employ a wide variety of metrics to assess differences in herbivory among assemblages: damage type diversity, intensity (the proportion of leaves, or of leaf surface area, with insect damage), the evenness of diversity, and comparisons of the evenness and diversity of the flora to the evenness and diversity of damage types. Although the number of metrics calculated is quite large, given the amount of data that is usually available, the study of insect herbivory in the fossil record still lacks a quantitative framework that can be used to distinguish among different causes of increased insect herbivory and to generate null hypotheses of the magnitude of changes in insect herbivory over time. Moreover, estimates of damage type diversity, the most common metric, are generated with inconsistent sampling standardization routines. Here we demonstrate that coverage-based rarefaction yields valid and reliable estimates of damage type diversity that are robust to differences among floral assemblages in the number of leaves examined, average leaf surface area, and the inclusion of plant organs other than leaves such as seeds and axes. We outline the potential of a theoretical ecospace that combines various metrics to distinguish between potential causes of increased herbivory. We close with a discussion of the most appropriate uses of a theoretical ecospace for insect herbivory, with the overlapping damage type diversities of Paleozoic gymnosperms and Cenozoic angiosperms as a brief case study.

scholarly journals LEAF SURFACE AREA ESTIMATION IN DIFFERENT GRAPES VARIETIES USING A AM 300 LEAF AREA METER

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik BURG ◽  
Jana BURGOVÁ ◽  
Vladimír MAŠÁN ◽  
Miroslav VACHŮN
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
Area Development

Experimental measurements focused on evaluation of grapevine leaf surface area development in nine varieties, in the viticultural conditions of South Moravia. The dynamics of leaf surface area development was measured by using a device called leaf area meter AM 300. The device operates on the principle of a scanner and the resulting values are expressed through the leaf area index - LAI. The measurements were carried out in five dates during phenophases of growth, flowering, initial development of fruits, and ripening of berries. The results show a significant differences in increase in leaf area between the evaluated varieties, especially during flowering. The size of the leaf area, depending on the year, corresponds to values between 7.615 and 13.483 square metres per hectare. The largest leaf area was reached in growth stage 8, which is ripening of fruit. The leaf area reached the largest size in the varieties Grüner Veltliner, Zweigelt, and Sauvignon, with values ranging from 20.560 to 26.481 square metres per hectare. The results suggest that a significant proportion of leaf area is also represented by lateral shoots whose size in the ripening phase, depending on variety, ranges from 33.7 to 52.9 per cent of the total leaf area.

Variability of rose varieties in terms of their bush architectonics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Kozlova ◽  
◽  
A.I. Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The results of evaluating 12 morphometric indicators of 18 varieties of roses grown in a greenhouse have been carried out. The most variable was the area of leaf lobules, and the least variable are the number of leaves per 10 cm of the stem and length of stem. Some correlation (negative) was noted between the population density of the variety with spider mites and individual indicators of the leaf surface area of rose varieties.

Photosynthetic activity and productivity of the sunflower hybrid warrior depending on growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
O.V. Nikitenko ◽  
S.V. Litoshko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Hybrid Sunflower

As a result of the conducted in 2016–2018 studies on the study of the features of photosynthetic activity of the Ratnik hybrid sunflower found that the indicators of the leaf area of one plant and one hectare changed under the influence of the use of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators and were large according to the classical system of basic tillage. The largest indices of the leaf surface area of one plant in all systems of basic tillage were noted with the introduction of full fertilizer N60P60K60. The use of growth regulators in all combinations resulted in an increase in leaf area per plant and per hectare. Large indices of net productivity of photosynthesis were noted in crops according to the classical system of basic tillage, which were, depending on the scheme of drug use: on the control (without fertilizers) – 5,95–6,16 g/m2 × day, in variants with the introduction of N40 – 6,31–6,56 g/m2 × day, in variants with the introduction of N40P60 – 6,25–6,47 g/m2 × day in the variants with the introduction of N60P60K60 – 6,29–6,42 g/m2 × day. The application of mineral fertilizers in various doses contributed to an increase in the net productivity of photosynthesis: according to the classical system by 0,31–0,44, according to the moldboard-free system by 0,02–0,24, at the minimum 0,01–0,08 g/m2 × day. The most favorable conditions for the formation of productivity by sunflower plants have developed according to the classical system of basic tillage with a yield depending on the dose of fertilizers and the option of using growth regulators 2,62–3,46 t/ha. The highest yields of the Ratnik hybrid sunflower – 3.46 and 3.45 t/ha, were obtained when growing according to the classical system of basic tillage, applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation of the second and fifth options for using growth regulators: 2. Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oilseeds (6–8 pairs of real leaves) 5.1 processing: Chelatin phosphorus-potassium + Chelatin мultimix + Chelatin mono boron (3–4 pairs of real leaves), 2 processing: Chelatin mono boron (6–8 pairs of real leaves). The formation of the crop was largely influenced by the system of basic tillage (r = -0.66) and the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.61) and the weak use of drugs (r = 0.17). It should be noted the close relationship between yield and leaf surface area (r = 0.78), CPF (r = 0.78), dry matter weight per plant (r = 0.99) and seed weight (r = 0.97 ). Key words: sunflower, system of basic tillage, mineral fertilizer, growth regulator, leaf area, net productivity of photosynthesis, yield.

scholarly journals ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ РОСЛИН РИЖІЮЯРОГО ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРИЙОМІВ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
О. М. Стельмах ◽  
Я. Я. Григорів ◽  
Т. О. Максимів
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Methods

Наведено результати досліджень із вивченнявпливу технологічних прийомів вирощування на дина-міку наростання площі листків та формування фо-тосинтетичного потенціалу посівів. За результата-ми досліджень встановлено, що найвищі показникиплощі листкової поверхні отримані за першого стро-ку сівби у фазу цвітіння рижію ярого. Встановлено,що внесення мінеральних добрив мало суттєвий впливна площу листкової поверхні рижію ярого й, відповід-но, на показник фотосинтетичного потенціалу. The results of studies on the impact of technological methods of cultivation on the growth dynamics of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity of crops formation. The research found that the highest rates of leaf surface area obtained for the first sowing in spring Camelina sativa flowering phase. Established that fertilization had a significant effect on the leaf surface area of spring Camelina sativa according to rate of photosynthetic capacity.

scholarly journals Formation of the leaf surface area of spring wheat in various cultivation technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Galina Deriglazova ◽  
Tatiana Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Kursk Region

The article analyzes the research on the formation of the leaf surface area of spring wheat of Darya variety in different cultivation technologies on the chernozem soil of Kursk Region. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the formation of the leaf surface of spring wheat depending on the cultivation technology and to identify the conjugate relationships of indicators under the conditions of chernozem soils of Kursk Region. The results of the conducted studies indicate that intensive cultivation technology contributes to the activation of the assimilation apparatus of leaves during the entire growing season of the crop. A high direct correlation between the leaf surface area in the Z 13 and Z 55 phases and the application of mineral fertilizers was established (r = 0.73; 0.80, respectively). At Z 25 the leaf surface area has a direct noticeable relationship with primary tillage (r = 0.51) and a moderate one with the application of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.36). The use of sugar beet tops as organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the leaf area of one plant at Z 25 and Z 55, as evidenced by a noticeable correlation (r = 0.52; 0.52, respectively). It was found that the area of the flag leaf, as well as its length and width, increased with a decrease in the density of standing plants per square meter of cropped area. The flag leaf area and width decreased depending on the height of the plants, while the length increased. The development of the flag leaf area directly affected the accumulation of dry weight of plants (r = 0.53), the formation of the total assimilation surface of plants (r = 0.72), as well as a high direct relationship with the length of the ear (r = 0.75), which in turn is closely directly correlated with the weight of grain from one ear (r = 0.70). Thus, the evidence of the direct influence of the area of the flag leaf on the formation of the crop yield is presented.

scholarly journals Influence of leaf shape on the scaling of leaf surface area and length in bamboo plants

Trees ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Jian Shi ◽  
Yi-Rong Li ◽  
Ülo Niinemets ◽  
Edward Olson ◽  
Julian Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Key message Using more than 10,000 bamboo leaves, we found that the scaling between leaf surface area and length follows a uniform power law relationship mainly relying on the degree of variation in leaf shape (reflected by the ratio of leaf width to length). Abstract A recent study based on leaf data of different plant taxa showed that the scaling of leaf surface area (A) with linear leaf dimensions was best described by the Montgomery equation (ME) that describes A as the product of leaf length (L) and width (W). Following from ME, a proportional relationship between A and the square of L has been proposed, but the validity of this simplified equation strongly depends on leaf shape (W/L ratio). Here, we show that the simplified equation can be applied to a group of closely related plants sharing a similar W/L ratio with low degree of uncertainty. We measured A, L and W of more than 10,000 leaves from 101 graminoid taxa (subfamily Bambusoideae) having similar elongated leaf shapes. We found that ME applies to the leaves of all bamboo taxa investigated. The power law equation that was used to describe a scaling relationship of A vs. L also predicted leaf area with high accuracy, but the variability measured as the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was greater than that using ME, indicating that leaf width also plays an important role in predicting leaf area. However, the dependence of the prediction accuracy of A on W is intimately associated with the extent of the variation in W/L ratio. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.95 for the 101 bamboo taxa) between RMSE and the coefficient of variation in W/L ratio. Thereby, our results show that leaf area of bamboo plants can be calculated by the product of L and W with a proportionality coefficient ranging from 0.625 to 0.762, i.e., the leaf area of bamboo leaves approximately equals 70% of a rectangular area formed by L and W. The pooled data of ln(A) vs. ln(WL) of 101 bamboo taxa were located on or very close to the regression line without being affected by interspecific differences. However, interspecific differences in W/L ratio largely affected the scaling relationship of A vs. L, which led to large deviations of the data of ln(A) vs. ln(L) from the regression line. This implies that the square relationship between A and L does not apply to all species even if those are very closely related taxa.

SOOTY MOULD DISEASES OF SOME TREES FROM AURANGABAD DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVALSINGH J. TODAWAT
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Sooty Mould ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Sooty mould diseases of Tress from Aurangabad district were surveyed. During the survey of tress, 5 species were found infected by fungal pathogens causing sooty mould diseases. Disease is easily identifiable by the presence of a black, velvety growth covering the leaf surface area. The fungus produces mycelium which is superficial and dark grows on the flowers, leaf, stem and sometime on fruits also. The severity of disease depends on the honeydew secretions by insects. The diseases were found to be caused by 5 species of fungi viz. Capnodium anonae, C. ramosum, Capnodium sp., Meliola bangalorensis and Meliola ranganthii.

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