scholarly journals Use of different criteria for estimating precocity of heterosis maize hybrids in forest-steppe conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
S. P. Kotsyuba ◽  
◽  
Zh N. Novak ◽  
O. P. Naklioka
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In the article it is shown the results of the study of heterosis hybrids of corn on the signs of early ripening, such as: the growing season, the number of leaves on the main stem, the moisture yield of grain during harvest. To distribute our corn material by precocity, a number of studies were conducted, namely: estimating the length of the growing season "shoots – full ripeness", which was determined in days, and a very important indicator today is the moisture content of grain when harvested in percentage, it allowed to distribute heterosis hybrids into two groups: early-maturing (106–114) and middle-early – 114–123 days. Over the years of testing, the weather conditions varied considerably, which made it possible to evaluate in detail the material under study. In 2020, the growing season was within 107.8 days, which is almost three days less than in 2021. At the same time, the longer vegetation period was in 2021. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the rate of moisture yield of corn grain of the studied hybrids of the two maturity groups. The conducted researches allowed to trace the dynamics of grain moisture yield of early-maturing maize hybrids and one hybrid of the middle-ripening group of maturity, to determine the variability of hybrid grain moisture in different periods of grain maturation. The year 2021 was more favorable for growing corn, the plants formed a large vegetative mass, but the grain had a high humidity during the harvest period. This is due to a significant amount of precipitation (69.9 mm) in August 2021. Hybrids that had high harvest humidity were characterized by a long growing season, such as № 47 × № 33. Therefore, our selected hybrids can be successfully used in planning a strategy for early maturity. In establishing the patterns of moisture transfer of grain when it reaches, in particular, the influence of the conditions of the year, in our study group were identified two hybrids consistently better in terms of grain moisture. Preference should be given to hybrids № 31 × № 37 and № 83 × № 125, which combine indicators of early maturity: the shortest growing season, the number of leaves on the main stem and the rate of moisture.

scholarly journals Breeding of early-maturing inbred maize lines within the collection gene pool of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
S. Kotsiuba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maturity Groups ◽  
Corn Grain

The results of the study of inbred lines of corn on the basis of economically valuable features, such as: growing season, productivity, moisture yield. To distribute our maize material by precocity, a number of studies were conducted, namely: estimating the length of the growing season "shoots-full ripeness", which was determined in days, and a very important indicator-grain moisture at harvest as a percentage, it allowed to distribute two groups: early-maturing – (106–114) and middle-early – 114–123 days. Over the years of testing, the weather conditions varied considerably, which made it possible to evaluate the material under study in detail. In 2020, the growing season in the early-maturing group of lines was within 104.0 days, which is almost five days less in 2019. This trend was also observed for the group of middle-early lines. At the same time, the longer vegetation period was in 2019. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the rate of moisture yield of corn grain of the studied lines of different maturity groups. The conducted researches allowed to trace the dynamics of grain moisture yield of corn lines of different maturity groups, to determine the variability of grain moisture of hybrids in different periods of grain maturation. 2019 was more favorable for growing corn, the plants formed a large vegetative mass, but the grain had a high humidity during the harvest period. This is due to a significant amount of precipitation (46.0 mm) in September 2019. Lines that had high harvest humidity were characterized by a long growing season, such as Um 337 and VIR 44. The group of the most productive included lines Um 337, Um 331, F7 and line MAN 053, which were ahead. The following year, Mind 337 and Mind 331 as a whole confirmed their positions, while F7 and MAN 053 yielded significantly lower yields.

scholarly journals Density of plants is the important indicator of onion yield

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Natalia Ivanovna Matveeva ◽  
Vyacheslav Petrovich Zvolinsky
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

During sowing turnip onions, the largest part of the costs incurred is the purchase of seed material. Increasing the rate of sowing seeds does not always pay off the costs of their acquisition. The aim of our work was to identify the optimal plant density of onion plants in the conditions of the Lower Volga region for one-time mechanized harvesting of onions. The research was carried out on subtypes of light chestnut soils in the conditions of land use of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Astrakhan Region during 2016–2019. As a result of our research, it was revealed that changes in the density of onion sowing affect the growth and development of plants. A significant varietal sign was the length of the period from mass shoots to bulb ripening. This indicator changed not so much from the variety or hybrid, but how much from the density of the plants on one hectare. With an increase in the seeding rate, the duration of the growing season also increased. In addition to the growing season, the seeding density also affected biometric indicators. With a decrease in the seeding rate per hectare, the number of leaves increased. Depending on the hybrid or variety, the maximum number of leaves ranged from 34–38 to 22–28 pieces. And with an increase in the seeding rate per hectare, the number of leaves on the bulb decreased. It was also noted that the size of the leaves was larger than with other sowing schemes. We believe that this is due to the most thickened sowing. The article will be interesting to students and teachers of agronomic faculties, as well as workers in the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals VARIETAL DIFFERENTIATION OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT BY MATURITY GROUPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
N.N. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Maturity Groups

In wheat selection, the earring period is a fairly reliable criterion for determining the ripeness group of the variety. The aim of the research was to determine the maturity groups of winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the middle Volga forest-steppe. 18 varieties of winter soft wheat included in the State register of selection achievements for the middle Volga region of Russia were used for research in machine seeding.102 varieties originating from 11 countries were used in manual seeding. It is established that the intra-and intervariental change of the date of winter soft wheat earning is weak and moderate. The share of genotype (variety) influence in the variability of the duration of the growing season of winter soft wheat is 56.1 %, the year conditions-4.4 %, and the “genotype-year” interaction-36.5 %. Among the assortment of winter soft wheat of domestic selection, 54% of varieties showed themselves to be medium – ripe, 24% – medium-early, 10% - medium-late. The late-maturing, early-maturing, and ultra-early-maturing groups only included single varieties in certain years. Among the studied assortment of the world wheat collection late maturity had variety of Germany, the earliness and medium early– wheat of China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia, medium maturing varieties of the Siberian region of the country. Wheat of different groups of ripeness were represented by varieties of Ukraine. The ultra-early and late-maturing varieties of foreign selection selected in the study are valuable as a source material for the selection of soft wheat for the duration of the growing season in the middle Volga forest-steppe.

Influence of glauconite on potato productivity under conditions of insufficient moisturization of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Glaz ◽  
◽  
A.K. Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

Research 2019-2020 in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region showed that the effect of glauconite on the yield and seed productivity of potatoes largely depends on the variety. The effect of glauconite (in doses from 10 to 40 t / ha) on the yield of tubers was proportional to the duration of the growing season of the varieties. The highest yield gains from glauconite were observed in the mid-ripening variety Tarasov – 4.05–4.62 t/ha, then in the medium-early variety Nevsky – 3.26–3.63 t/ha, and the smallest – were in the early variety Rosara – 1.95–2.26 t/ha. Whereas the effect of glauconite on the seed productivity of varieties had the opposite pattern: the greatest increase was observed in early-maturing varieties (Rozara – 1.30–1.56 times, Nevsky – 1.30–1.61 times), and the smallest – in the mid-season variety Tarasov (1.17–1.25 times).

scholarly journals Adaptability and productivity of tomato varieties in the forest-steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
N. V. Vorobjova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Vegetable Products

The expansion of the assortment of vegetable plants allows to increase the variety and production of domestic vegetable products, in particular, tomatoes. The article examines and proves the research results that the variety significantly affects the formation of tomato productivity and can minimize the negative impact of environmental factors. Experimental studies were carried out in 2018–2020. On the experimental field of the Uman NUS and was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. The main research methods are used in the work: analysis and comparison, experimental, calculated. We studied tomato varieties of Ukrainian selection Lagidny (control), Anita, Aisan, Vulkan, Geyser, Daruna, Classic, Lyubimy, Mirolyubovsky, Obereg, Udavchik, Fizuma, Khoriv, Chudo. The study of the nature of the influence of the varietal characteristics of the tomato on the onset of the main phases of growth and development confirmed the different timing of the beginning of flowering and in the variety Mirolyubovsky period began on May 27, in the varieties Obereg, Khoriv, Lagidny - on May 30. The fruits of most varieties reached in the third decade of July, in the Mirolyubovsky variety - on July 24, in the Obereg and Khoriv varieties – on July 29, later than control. Depending on the variety, budding of the first cluster occurred 43–46 days after germination. The shortest growing season was observed in the varieties Lyubimy, Mirolyubovsky, Udavchik, Fizuma – 102–105 days, Anita, Obereg and Chudo – 106, Horev and Lagidny – 107 days. It was found that in terms of the height of the main stem in the seedling phase, most varieties had similar indicators – 33.5–33.7 cm, only in the Mirolyubovsky variety it was the smallest – 29.1 cm. An insignificant increase in the height of the main stem was revealed in the flowering phase of the first cluster and before the start of fruit collection, it was 71.3–71.8 cm in varieties Khoriv and Obereg, Mirolyubovsky – 55.8 cm. Before planting, most varieties had 6 leaves, and in Mirolyubovsky variety – 5. At the beginning of ripening, fruits on plants were counted by 45 leaves in the Oberig variety, 41 – Khoriv, 28 – Mirolyubovsky, which is significantly higher than the control of the Lagidny variety – 37 pcs / plant. The area of leaves on the plant varied depending on the area of the leaf blade and their number. In the seedling phase, the leaf area was 21.9 thousand. m2/ha for the Mirolyubovsky variety, for the Obereg variety – 24.3 thousand. m2/ha, ie had close values with control (21.3 thousand m2/ha). At the time of flowering, this figure increased for the variety Obereg to 52.8 thousand. m2/ha, in the variety Horiv – 52.4 thousand. m2/ha, which was significantly higher than the control – 45.2 thousand. m2/ha. At the beginning of fruit ripening, the leaf area reached 127.3 thousand. m2/ha, Obereg – 129.0, Mirolyubovsky – 125.5 thousand. m2/ha. Comparison of the number of generative organs of plants showed that during the growing season a larger number of brushes was formed on plants of the Horeb variety – 23.1 pieces / plant, which exceeded the control – 20.8 pieces / plant. The highest yields were found in the varieties Vulkan and Khoriv – 63.0 t/ha, as well as Miracle – 62.8 t/ha, which significantly exceeded the control – 56.0 t/ha. The Daruna variety approached this indicator and had a yield of 56.9 t/ha. In varieties Anita and Obereg, the yield was lower than the control by 1.4–1.5 t/ha, in varieties Mirolyubovskiy and Aisan – by 8.3–9.5 t/ha. The variety Oberig had high chemical indicators, the fruits of which accumulated 6.2 % of dry soluble substance versus 5.1 % control Lagidny. The varieties Khoriv and Mirolyubovsky were close to the control in terms of this indicator. In terms of sugar content, varieties Khoriv, Obereg and Mirolyubovsky prevailed – 3.4, 3.9 and 3.8 %, respectively, which is significantly higher than the control. In terms of the amount of vitamin C, the varieties Oberig and Chudo were distinguished, in which a high sugar-acid coefficient was found – 9.4 compared to the control (7.5). In varieties Khoriv and Mirolyubovsky, it was at the level of 5.6 and 5.8, respectively.

INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE SOYBEAN TRAITS

1970 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Е. V. Gureeva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturing

The results of research conducted in 2015-2019 in the forest-steppe agroclimatic zone to identify the dependence of economically valuable traits of soybean varieties on the meteorological conditions of the Ryazan region are presented. The soil of the experimental site is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition. Reaction of the soil solution-phsol. - 5,2; humus content 5,8 %. Mobile phosphorus content – 191.4 mg / kg of soil; exchange potassium content-108.5 mg / kg of soil; nitrate nitrogen-8.4 mg / kg; ammonium nitrogen-1.57 mg/kg. The object of the research were varieties of soybean breeding, FEDERAL state scientific institution "Ryazan research Institute of agriculture" - Mahewa, George, Whale, Light. The work was carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops and the methodology of field experience. To characterize the climatic conditions, we used an integrated indicator – Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (GTC). It was found that the duration of the growing season of early — maturing varieties depends more on the weather conditions in july, early-maturing varieties-on the conditions in august. The height of the plant is affected by weather conditions in june, and the weight of 1000 seeds – in july. The yield of soybeans largely depends on the climatic conditions during the main stages of development of the crop. The average yield over the years of the study for varieties was in the range from 1.37 to 1.79 t/ha. The highest yield was recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the GTC close to 1, the lowest yield for varieties was obtained in 2018 with the GTC=0.6. A significant relationship was found between seed yield, seed weight from the plant and the GTC of the growing season: the variation in soybean seed yield by 67% is associated with the action of the studied factors (R2=0.67).

scholarly journals Comparison of early maturity maize hybrids in function of the average yield in year 2012

Economica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Béla Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
The South ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Moisture

The main goal of this scientific paper is the comparison of outstanding hybrids of the three largest, world-leading maize hybrid seed developers and suppliers (Monsanto, Pioneer and Syngenta) in function of the average yield and grain moisture. The author’s investigations were executed on a 600 hectare farm in the south of the Békés County in the extreme drought year of 2012. The examined hybrids were the DKC 4590 (FAO 360), the P9494 (FAO 390) and the NK Lucius (FAO330). All three hybrids fall under the early maturity group (FAO 300-399).

Effects of Weed Density and Defoliated or Undefoliated Soybeans (Glycine max) on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Development

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall A. Higgins ◽  
David W. Staniforth ◽  
Larry P. Pedigo
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯3ABUTH) grown under monoculture consistently exceeded velvetleaf intercropped with soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. var. ‘Amsoy 71′] in leaf area, nodes with fully developed leaves, canopy width, branches, and number of capsules as early as 3, 3, 4, 5, and 8 weeks, respectively, after simultaneous emergence. Velvetleaf plants without soybean competition eventually developed over nine times the dry matter of velvetleaf intercropped with soybean. The only components of velvetleaf plants sampled which sometimes increased significantly when soybean was defoliated in a manner simulating damage caused by the green cloverworm (GCW) (Plathypena scabraF.) were leaf area, number of leaves, and number of main-stem nodes. Soybeans in Iowa are attacked by the GCW late enough in the growing season that velvetleaf surviving previous weed management efforts benefited only slightly.

PRODUCTIVITY OF CORN HYBRIDS FOR GRAIN DEPENDING ON CULTIVATION METHODS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGA FOREST-STEPPE ZONE

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
А.L. Toigildin ◽  
◽  
М.I. Podsevalov ◽  
D.E. Ayupov ◽  
А.V. Tyurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Corn Grain

The article presents the results of evaluating the productivity of corn hybrids for grain with different vegetation periods, depending on the method of protecting plants from contamination and the level of mineral nutrition on leached сhernozem of the Volga forest-steppe zone. Studies conducted during 2017- 2019 showed that the early-maturing hybrids of Gitago maize FAO 200 and the phenomenon of FAO 220 fully realized their potential and provided yield of 8.31 and 8.55 t / ha of grain. These hybrids are characterized by a higher collection of raw protein, the output of exchange energy and feed units in comparison with the hybrids Talisman FAO 180 and Novatop FAO 240. Systems of crop protection from weeds had an impact on both the yield and productivity of corn, which is explained by the different effectiveness of inter-row processing and herbicide in protecting plants from weeds. Thus, when inter-row processing was used, the number of weeds in hybrids averaged 8.4 PCs/m2 , while when applying herbicide, it decreased to 5.1 pcs/m2 , a similar pattern was found when assessing the air-dry mass of weeds, which was 65, 2 g/m2 and 27.5 g / m2 , respectively. On average, the corn grain yield in hybrids increased by 0.92 t/ha when applying herbicide compared to mechanical tillage. The use of leaf fertilizing during the growing season with Izagri Azot and Izagri Zn preparations led to an increase in the yield of corn hybrids: Talisman by 0.57 t/ha, Gitago by 0.48, Phenomenon by 0.81 and Novotop by 0.44 t/ha of grain, as well as an increase in protein collection, exchange energy and feed units when using leaf fertilizing

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