scholarly journals Microstructure Refinement Strategies in Carburized Steel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Agnani ◽  
O.L. DeNonno ◽  
K.O. Findley ◽  
S.W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Martensite Plate ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Microstructure Refinement ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size

Abstract Microstructure refinement strategies in carburized microstructures were evaluated because of their potential for improving the fatigue performance of case carburized components. Commercial 52100 steel was used to simulate the high carbon content in the case. Specimens were subjected to various thermal treatments in a quenching dilatometer. Reheating cycles to austenitizing temperatures were evaluated with respect to both prior austenite grain size (PAGS) and associated martensite and retained austenite refinement. Quantitative stereological measurements were performed to evaluate the micro-geometry of plate martensite and the size distribution of retained-austenite regions. Decreasing the reheating temperature resulted in finer PAGS and multiple reheating cycles resulted in a narrow PAGS distribution. Refinement in PAGS led to a reduction in martensite plate size and finer distribution of RA.

Observation of Fisheye Cracks around TiN and Al2O3 Inclusions in Repeatedly Quenched High Carbon Bearing Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshiro Mizobe ◽  
Takashi Honda ◽  
Hitonobu Koike ◽  
Edson Costa Santos ◽  
Katsuyuki Kida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Repeated Heating ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain

Martensitic high-carbon high-strength SAE 52100 bearing steel is one of the main alloys used for rolling contact applications where high wear resistance is required. Refining the prior austenite grain size through repeated heating is a process commonly used to enhance the material’s strength. In this work, the microstructure of repeatedly quenched Ti, N-rich ultra-clean SAE 52100 steel was investigated. The material was melted by an electric furnace and formed by continuous casting and forging, and the crack origin on the fracture surface was investigated. It was found repeated furnace quenching effectively refined the martenstic structure.

Quantitative Estimates of Repeatedly Quenched High Carbon Bearing Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Nakane ◽  
Koshiro Mizobe ◽  
Edson Costa Santos ◽  
Katsuyuki Kida
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Repeated Heating ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size

Martensitic high-carbon high-strength SAE 52100 bearing steel is one of the main alloys used for rolling contact applications where high wear resistance is required. Refining the prior austenite grain size through repeated heating is a process commonly used to enhance the materials strength. In this work, the microstructure of repeatedly quenched Ti, N-rich ultra-clean SAE 52100 steel was investigated. The material was melted by an electric furnace and formed by continuous casting and forging, and the crack origin on the fracture surface was investigated. It was found repeated furnace quenching effectively refined the martenstic structure. In order to further understand the structure refinement we need to develop a new quantitative evaluation method. In this paper, the homology method is applied. We can estimate the situation of refinement quantitatively.

scholarly journals Comparison of acid exfoliators in carbon nanosheets synthesis from stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) for electrochemical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokon Nuilek ◽  
Winadda Wongwiriyapan ◽  
Vichuda Sattayarut ◽  
Andrea Simon ◽  
Daniel Koncz-Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
A Current

Abstract Carbon nanosheets (CNs) were successfully synthesized from nettle stem (NS) which is an inexpensive material with a high carbon content that is abundantly available in nature. CNs were produced using chemical (potassium hydroxide activation and acid exfoliation) and thermal treatments. Sulfuric (H2SO4), phosphoric (H3PO4) and nitric (HNO3) acid solutions were used for exfoliation. CNs exfoliated by H3PO4 have higher specific surface area (789 m2 g−1) compared to CNs exfoliated by H2SO4 (705 m2 g−1) and HNO3 (106 m2 g−1). In this work, NSCNs were found to be a potential candidate for electrode material in electrochemical capacitors. The maximum specific capacitance of the NSCNs exfoliated by H3PO4 is found to be 27.3 F g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1, while the specific capacitance of NSCNs exfoliated by H2SO4 and HNO3 is 9.34 F g−1 and 1.71 F g−1, respectively. Energy density (0.06–0.95 Wh kg−1) and power density (20.9–26.7 W kg−1) of NSCNs are confirmed to be supercapacitor materials and can be applied in energy storage devices.

Effects of Retained Austenite Conditions on the Ductility of the Advanced High Strength Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 984-989
Author(s):  
Toshio Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels

It was investigated that the effects of retained austenite (γR) conditions on ductility of advanced high strength steels for automotives. 0.4mass% C steels were heattreated in various austemper conditions to control the retained austenite conditions. In the result of the evaluation of mechanical properties of these steels, it was confirmed there were steels which indicated different elongation even if they had almost same volume fraction and carbon content of retained austenite. In order to clarify the reason, the conditions of retained austenite and work hardening behavior were investigated in detail. It was indicated that the existence of high carbon content region in a part of retained austenite promoted the deformation induced martensitic transformation in the high strain range and improved the elongation of AHSS.

Homology Analysis of Prior Austenite Grain Size of SAE52100 Bearing Steel Processed by Cyclic Heat Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Nakane ◽  
Katsuyuki Kida ◽  
Koshiro Mizobe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Prior Austenite ◽  
Cyclic Heat Treatment ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Cyclic Heat ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain

Here, we introduce the mathematical methods to quantitatively evaluate the change of the tissue to quenching. SAE 52100 sample was repeatedly quenched and the influence of this cyclic heat treatment was investigated. The repeated quenching process increased the retained austenite content and had little influence on the materials hardness. The prior austenite grain size was decreased and consequently, refinement of the martensitic phase in the material occurred. The higher content of the retained austenite (higher fracture toughness) and the refinement of the microstructure accounted for the higher fatigue properties of the repeatedly quenched material. Here we use mathematical homology to quantify these features.

Influence of Repeated Quenching-Tempering on Fisheye Cracks around Tin and Al2O3 Inclusions in SAE 52100 Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 1298-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshiro Mizobe ◽  
Takashi Honda ◽  
Hitonobu Koike ◽  
Edson Costa Santos ◽  
Takuya Shibukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Repeated Heating ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Quenching And Tempering ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain

Martensitic high-carbon high-strength SAE 52100 bearing steel has been widely used as the main alloys for rolling contact applications, and also at the components under bending and tension-compression. In order to enhance the material’s strength, refining the prior austenite grain size through repeated heating has been investigated. In this work, the microstructure of repeatedly quenched-tempered Ti, N-rich SAE 52100 steel was investigated. The material was melted by an electric furnace and formed by continuous casting and forging, and the crack origin on the fracture surface was investigated. It was found that repeated furnace quenching and tempering effectively refined the martenstic structure.

Effect of a Complex Heat Treatment on the Structure of 300M Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
R. Padmanabhan ◽  
W. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
300M Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Final Tempering ◽  
Similar Yield

Intermediate high temperature tempering prior to subsequent reaustenitization has been shown to double the plane strain fracture toughness as compared to conventionally heat treated UHSLA steels, at similar yield strength levels. The precipitation (during tempering) of metal carbides and their subsequent partial redissolution and refinement (during reaustenitization), in addition to the reduction in the prior austenite grain size during the cycling operation have all been suggested to contribute to the observed improvement in the mechanical properties. In this investigation, 300M steel was initially austenitized at 1143°K and then subjected to intermediate tempering at 923°K for 1 hr. before reaustenitizing at 1123°K for a short time and final tempering at 583°K. The changes in the microstructure responsible for the improvement in the properties have been studied and compared with conventionally heat treated steel. Fig. 1 shows interlath films of retained austenite produced during conventionally heat treatment.

ALGOMA AR225

Alloy Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content

Abstract Algoma AR225 is a carbon steel developed primarily to supply a low-cost material for high-abrasion applications. It is furnished in the form of as-rolled plate with a relatively high carbon content (0.35-0.45%). AR-225 is sold on the basis of chemical analysis only; the number 225 signifies the approximate Brinell hardness. On thicknesses one-half inch and over, this Brinell value may be lower than 225 because of higher finishing temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-138. Producer or source: Algoma Steel Corporation Ltd.

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