Waste-to-Energy Boilers and Waste Incinerators

2007 ◽  
pp. 335-358 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Incinerators

Nonhuman Actors, Hybrid Networks, and Conflicts Over Municipal Waste Incinerators

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Waste Incinerators

This article seeks to make an original contribution to the study of environmental conflicts on waste management infrastructures by applying concepts derived from actor-network theory in an empirical case study. The article is organized into three main parts. The first highlights how the bulk of the literature on the subject has systematically ignored the role of natural/material factors. The second part analyzes the theoretical and methodological contribution of actor-network theory to the analysis of environmental conflicts. Finally, the third part focuses on a case study from northern Italy concerning a conflict over a project for a large-scale municipal waste-to-energy incinerator. The author shows how the outcome of the conflict, namely the failure of the project notwithstanding a convergence of powerful interests, can only be fully understood by adopting a relational definition of agency that sees it as the effect of the process of building associations between humans and nonhumans.

Waste-to-energy: Coupling Waste Treatment to Highly Efficient CHP

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Greef ◽  
B. Verbinnen ◽  
J. Van Caneghem
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Landfill Diversion ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Waste Incinerators ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Best Available Technology Bat

Abstract Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) has become the most widespread Best Available Technology (BAT) to treat residual waste streams in a reliable and safe way. As such, MSWI has contributed to achieve the landfill diversion targets in many EU member states. Modern waste incinerators, also referred to as Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants, have furthermore evolved to producers of electricity, heat and steam for energy-consuming industries, agriculture and residences. However, due to the specific composition and properties of MSW and similar waste, and due to the historical development of MSWI, the exploitation of WtE plants as combined heat and power (CHP) plants is not straightforward. The aims of this paper are to develop a better understanding of these limitations, to point out possibilities for increasing the level of energy recovery and utilization in WtE plants, and to document this approach with data and experiences from selected WtE plants currently integrated in CHP schemes. Finally, some design and operational challenges for waste-fired CHP plants are further elaborated from a WtE plant supplier’s perspective.

Effective Removal of HCl and SO2 With Dry Injection of Sodium Bicarbonate or Trona

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yougen Kong ◽  
Jean-Pascal Balland
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Sorbent Injection ◽  
Waste Incinerators

The newly promulgated EPA MACT rules for solid waste incinerators require HCl to be mitigated to extremely low concentrations. Most existing air pollution control systems will probably not be able to satisfy these very low limits. To meet the new challenges, dry injection of sodium bicarbonate or trona is a low-cost solution that can be applied in the following situations: (1) Replace existing acid gas mitigation systems; (2) Supplement existing systems; (3) Install where no acid gas mitigation systems exist yet. In a dry sorbent injection system, sodium bicarbonate or trona is injected directly into hot flue gas. After injection, the sorbent is calcined into porous activated sodium carbonate. Its high surface area enables fast gas-solid reactions between acid gases (mainly HCl and SO2) and Na2CO3 to form NaCl and Na2SO4 which are collected by either electrostatic precipitators (ESP) or fabric filters. The dry injection systems with sodium bicarbonate have shown over 99% removal of HCl and 95% removal of SO2 at over 150 Waste-To-Energy plants in Europe. This paper will describe the concept of dry sorbent injection system with sodium bicarbonate or trona, provide performance data from several plants, and describe system design guidelines.

Dry Sorbent Injection of Sodium Sorbents for SO2, HCl and Mercury Mitigation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yougen Kong ◽  
Heidi Davidson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Sorbent Injection ◽  
Waste Incinerators

Solid waste incinerators emit air pollutants such as SO2, HCl, and mercury. Dry sorbent injection of sodium sorbents has emerged as an important SO2, HCl, and mercury mitigation technology due to its (a) low capital cost; (b) small installation foot print; (c) ease of operation; and (d) flexibility to fuel changes. In a dry sorbent injection system, trona or sodium bicarbonate is injected directly into hot flue gas. After injection, the sorbent is calcined into porous sodium carbonate that reacts with acid gases (SO2, HCl and SO3). This technology is able to achieve high removal rates for HCl (>99%) and SO2 (>90%), and has been implemented at many waste incinerators in Europe and coal-fired power plants in the United States. With the promulgation of MACT rules, this technology will be a low-cost and easy-to-use option for waste-to-energy boiler owners.

A Review : Sustainability from Waste

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-155
Author(s):  
Kriti Jain ◽  
Chirag Shah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Engineered Landfill

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy as due to the ranging population, is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tonnes of solid waste is collected worldwide and decay of the organic proportion of solid waste is contributing about 5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions (UNEP). Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal causes air pollution, water and soil contamination. Open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases. The dispersal of debris pollutes ecosystems and dangerous substances from waste or garbage puts a strain on the health of urban dwellers and the environment. India, being second most populated country of the world that too with the lesser land area comparatively, faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Population explosion, coupled with improved life style of people, results in increased generation of solid wastes in urban as well as rural areas of the country. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy [2]. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. This study focusses on the minimization of the waste and gives the brief about the various initiations for proper waste management system. Hence moving towards the alternatives is the way to deal with these basic problems. This paper outlines various advances in the area of waste management. It focuses on current practices related to waste management initiatives taken by India. The purpose of this article put a light on various initiatives in the country and locates the scope for improvement in the management of waste which will also clean up the unemployment.

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