Utility-Maximizing Model of Household Time Use for Independent, Shared, and Allocated Activities Incorporating Group Decision Mechanisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 1807 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Zhang ◽  
Harry Timmermans ◽  
Aloys Borgers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
The One

Existing activity-based models of transport demand typically assume an individual decision-making process. The focus on theories of individual decision making may be partially due to the lack of behaviorally oriented modeling methodologies for group decision making. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop a new model (called the g-Logit household time-use model) for time-use analysis that incorporates group decision-making mechanisms. To do that, it is proposed that household utility function be defined in the form of multilinear utility function, which can represent interactions among household members and interactions among their activities (four types of activity: in-home, out-of-home independent, allocated, and shared). By introducing this household utility function into the time allocation approach, each member’s time-use functions for different types of activities are obtained. The function for independent activities has a structure similar to the one for allocated activities, except the weight parameters are different. In contrast, the time-use function for shared activities has a completely different structure, which results from the complicated processes and strategies for household decision making. The effectiveness of the proposed model is confirmed with activity-travel diary data.

scholarly journals Groups Make Better Self-Interested Decisions

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Charness ◽  
Matthias Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Individual Decisions

In this paper, we describe what economists have learned about differences between group and individual decision-making. This literature is still young, and in this paper, we will mostly draw on experimental work (mainly in the laboratory) that has compared individual decision-making to group decision-making, and to individual decision-making in situations with salient group membership. The bottom line emerging from economic research on group decision-making is that groups are more likely to make choices that follow standard game-theoretic predictions, while individuals are more likely to be influenced by biases, cognitive limitations, and social considerations. In this sense, groups are generally less “behavioral” than individuals. An immediate implication of this result is that individual decisions in isolation cannot necessarily be assumed to be good predictors of the decisions made by groups. More broadly, the evidence casts doubts on traditional approaches that model economic behavior as if individuals were making decisions in isolation.

Contagion of Self-Interested Behavior: Evidence from Group Dictator Game Experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Ito ◽  
Akihiro Suzuki ◽  
Toru Takemoto ◽  
Kazuhito Ogawa ◽  
Hiromasa Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Recipient Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Other Regarding

Abstract We examine how group decision-making affects other-regarding behavior in experimental dictator games. In particular, we assess whether the effects of iterated games differ for group and individual decision-making and whether the difference in decision-making style (individual or group) changes the perception of social identity. We make two findings on group decision-making. First, group decisions become more selfish when repeating the game after changing group members. Second, a dictator group donates more to a recipient group at the same university than to a recipient group at a different university. These findings are not true for individual decision-making.

How can a group of procurement experts select suppliers? An approach for group decision support

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpan Kumar Kar ◽  
Ashis Kumar Pani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Group Decision Support ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The application of theories on group decision support is yet to be explored extensively in supplier selection literature, although the literature in both domains is extremely rich, in isolation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of group decision support theories for supplier selection. Design/methodology/approach – The row geometric mean method (RGMM) of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used in this study for the prioritization of group preferences under consensus. A case study was conducted to test the theories of consensual group decision making and compare it with other approaches based on AHP. Findings – The study establishes that the application of decision support theories for group decision making can improve the supplier selection process. Findings further imply that RGMM is more effective than eigen value method, for group decision making under consensus. Research limitations/implications – Methodologically, the study highlights the greater regularity in outcome of group decision making, vis-à-vis individual decision making, for the same decision-making context. Also, it highlights how RGMM is more effective since it preserves reciprocal properties and diversity in preferences better. Practical implications – The study establishes that firms can improve supplier selection processes by leveraging on the collective expertise of a group rather than depending on individual decision-making expertise. Originality/value – This study explores the application of different theories based on AHP for consensual group decision making. It compares different approaches based on AHP and establishes that RGMM is a superior approach for supplier selection.

On Extending Power-Geometric Operators to Interval-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications to Group Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1055-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hua Xiong ◽  
Zhen-Song Chen ◽  
Yan-Lai Li ◽  
Kwai-Sang Chin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Aggregation Operators ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Hesitant Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Variable Power ◽  
Interval Valued

Developing aggregation operators for interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (IVHFSs) is a technological task we are faced with, because they are specifically important in many problems related to the fusion of interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information. This paper develops several novel kinds of power geometric operators, which are referred to as variable power geometric operators, and extends them to interval-valued hesitant fuzzy environments. A series of generalized interval-valued hesitant fuzzy power geometric (GIVHFG) operators are also proposed to aggregate the IVHFSs to model mandatory requirements. One of the important characteristics of these operators is that objective weights of input arguments are variable with the change of a non-negative parameter. By adjusting the exact value of the parameter, the influence caused by some “false” or “biased” arguments can be reduced. We demonstrate some desirable and useful properties of the proposed aggregation operators and utilize them to develop techniques for multiple criteria group decision making with IVHFSs considering the heterogeneous opinions among individual decision makers. Furthermore, we propose an entropy weights-based fitting approach for objectively obtaining the appropriate value of the parameter. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.

scholarly journals A Kind of Risk-Sensitive Group Decision-Making Based on MDP

2012 ◽  
Vol 6-7 ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Ming Shan You ◽  
Wei Zeng ◽  
Hong Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Risk Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Group

One-switch utility function is used to describe how the risk attitude of a decision maker changes with his wealth level. In this paper additive decision rule is used for the aggregation of decision member’s utility which is represented by one-switch utility function. Based on Markov decision processes (MDP) and group utility, a dynamic, multi-stages and risk sensitive group decision model is proposed. The proposed model augments the state of MDP with wealth level, so the policy of the model is defined as an action executed in a state and a wealth level interval. A backward-induction algorithm is given to solve the optimal policy for the model. Numerical examples show that personal risk attitude has a great influence on group decision-making when personal risk attitudes of members are different, while the weights of members play a critical role when personal risk attitudes of members are similar.

scholarly journals Industrial robot selection using a multiple criteria group decision making method with individual preferences

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259354
Author(s):  
Jinling Zhao ◽  
Yubing Sui ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
K. K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Robot Selection

This paper proposes a multiple criteria group decision making with individual preferences (MCGDM-IP) to address the robot selection problem (RSP). Four objective criteria elicitation approaches, namely, Shannon entropy approach, CRITIC approach, distance-based approach, and ideal-point approach, are proposed to indicate individual decision makers. A preliminary group decision matrix is therefore formulated. Both preferential differences representing the preference degrees among different robots, and preferential priorities representing the favorite ranking of robots for each individual decision maker, are analyzed to propose a revised group decision matrix. A satisfaction index is developed to manifest the merits of the proposed MCGDM-IP. An illustrative example using the data drawn from previous literature is conducted to indicate the effectiveness and validity of MCGDM-IP. The results demonstrate that the MCGDM-IP could generate a more satisfactory scheme to evaluate and select industrial robots, with an improvement of group satisfactory level as 2.12%.

scholarly journals A Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope Based Expert System in Human Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Panjkaj Srivastava ◽  
Rajkrishna Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Decision Style ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Linguistic Approach

Naturally, individual decision style is qualitative rather than quantitative settings. In nature, the human way of thinking is uncertain and fuzziness that demands the use of the linguistic approach of problems related to the decision. The group decision making process is highly affected by hesitant situations among the members for clarity-based decisions. In order to remove the hesitant situations, the proposed Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope expert system provides the group decision making processes with more realistic output in envelope form rather than CRISP one. In this study, we shall discuss a linguistic based expert system that will help to make more realistic decisions in a hesitant situation by using Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope technique.

Choice Shifts in Groups: A Decision-Theoretic Basis

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1321-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kfir Eliaz ◽  
Debraj Ray ◽  
Ronny Razin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Expected Utility Theory ◽  
Allais Paradox ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychology Literature

The phenomenon of choice shifts in group decision-making has received attention in the social psychology literature. Faced with a risky group decision, individuals appear to support more extreme choices relative to those they would make on their own. This paper demonstrates that from a decision-theoretic perspective, choice shifts are intimately connected to failures of expected utility theory. In the model studied here, the Allais paradox is equivalent to a well-studied configuration of choice shifts. Thus, our results marry two well-known behavioral regularities, one in individual decision theory and another in the social psychology of groups.

scholarly journals NEW GROUP DECISION-MAKING ARCAS APPROACH BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF THE SWARA AND THE ARAS METHODS ADAPTED FOR NEGOTIATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragisa STANUJKIC ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras ZAVADSKAS ◽  
Darjan KARABASEVIC ◽  
Zenonas TURSKIS ◽  
Violeta KERŠULIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Operation Research ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Groups are generally considered to be more effective as compared to single individuals. The practical implementation of Operation Research methods in group negotiations needs simple contexts and clear cause-and-effect relationships easily discernible by everyone. This paper proposes a multi-criteria group decision-making approach allowing decision makers/experts involved in a negotiation process to better express and defend their preferences in the selection of the best alternative. In the proposed approach, the most appropriate alternative is the alternative with the largest number of appearances in the first position or in ranking lists, or the one determined based on negotiations of decision makers/experts. The proposed ARCAS approach is based on the use of the ARAS method, a new normalization procedure, and the SWARA method. In the proposed approach, each decision maker/expert involved in evaluation has an opportunity to set the preferred level of rating for each criterion used in such evaluation. Finally, a case study is presented in order to highlight the proposed approach. The obtained results confirm the usability and efficiency of the proposed approach.

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