Evaluation of Effectiveness of the Federal Highway Safety Improvement Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 2318 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Feng Wu ◽  
Scott C. Himes ◽  
Martin T. Pietrucha
Keyword(s):  
Highway Safety ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Federal Highway

Examining Fatal Crash Reductions by First Harmful Events since the Introduction of the Federal Highway Safety Improvement Program

2013 ◽  
Vol 2364 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Feng Wu ◽  
Scott C. Himes ◽  
Martin T. Pietrucha
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Federal Highway

The federal Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) has been associated with the reduction in fatal crashes since 2006, but the reasons for the reduction remain largely unknown. This paper examines the reduction in fatal crashes in terms of different types of first harmful events that can provide insight into crash causes and prevention strategies. In this study, fatal crashes were categorized into four types: overturn, collision with motor vehicle in transport, collision with fixed object, and collision with nonmotorist. Fixed-effects and mixed-effects Poisson models were used to estimate the magnitudes of fatal crash reduction by first harmful events for each state. Fatal crashes due to collisions with nonmotorists and motor vehicles in transport have been reduced by 10% and 5.3%, respectively, compared with the 2001 to 2005 period. Fatal crashes due to overturn and collision with a fixed object decreased in some states but remained unchanged or increased in other states. Nevertheless, the numbers of national fixed-object and overturn fatal crashes have been reduced by 3% and 0.7%, respectively, as a whole. This study also investigated possibilities that could be associated with the magnitudes of the reductions, for example, the different traffic laws among states. It was found that although different safety improvement projects were implemented to target the various types of crashes, the improvements were also likely to be beneficial to other crash types. These are referred to as spillover effects. Nationally, fatal crashes have decreased since the introduction of the HSIP partly because of the reduction in fatal crashes due to collisions with nonmotorists and motor vehicles in transport and partly because of spillover effects.

Tools to Identify Safety Issues for a Corridor Safety-Improvement Program

2000 ◽  
Vol 1717 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Breyer
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Safety Improvement

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) recognizes that a new paradigm in highway safety evaluation was brought about by the advent of advanced technologies such as photo log, geographic information systems (GIS), and global-positioning satellite systems. Whereas these technologies are known to serve distinct singular purposes in a highway agency, ADOT has endeavored to explore the possibilities of integrating these technologies for the purpose of providing an all-encompassing perspective of crash history and roadside characteristics in a multimedia display of GIS maps and related photo imagery. The research provides the account of an analytic tool-development process aimed at improving the recognition of highway safety hazards. These hazards might otherwise be apparent if not for the relative complexity of existing relational databases and spatial GIS infrastructure at ADOT. Previous methods of mining data from the ADOT crash databases were limited in functionality as well as in reliability. By promoting the “visualization” of highway safety conditions, the advanced technologies open a wealth of new opportunities in identifying problematic roadside conditions and crash histories. This is expected to lead to an improved economy of implementing safety improvements that are designed properly to mitigate the “real” conditions that can be identified. The research is a companion to the larger, FHWA-sponsored research into establishing a corridor safety-improvement program for Arizona (FHWA Report FHWA-AZ 98-458).

scholarly journals PENENTUAN SIMPANG BERSINYAL RAWAN KECELAKAAN UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI AWAL TERHADAP POTENSI RED LIGHT RUNNING (RLR) DI BANDA ACEH

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sofyan M. Saleh ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Endang Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Equivalent Property

Red Light Running (RLR) is the leading cause of traffic accidents at signal intersections in various countries, including Indonesia. The main reason is the existence of conflicts caused by drivers' behavioral factors who are not obedient or understand about signaling operations. RLR is the most dangerous driver's behavior in a signal intersection, where the driver fails to comply with signaling rules at the intersection so that the conflict occurs. To assess the behavior of the RLR, the first step is to identify the signaled intersections that are most prone to accidents. This is needed to eliminate the location of study or handling due to limited time and costs. The methodology used to determine accident-prone locations is based on the Highway Safety Improvement Program in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM, 2010), namely the planning component consisting of data collection and identification of accident-prone areas in signal intersections. Using accident data of 2013-2015, and by combining three methods of analysis such as frequency, accident rate, and equivalent property damage only methods, then three most accident-prone signal intersections are determined and prioritized for in-depth study of RLR behavior analysis. Red Light Running (RLR) adalah penyebab utama kecelakaan lalu lintas pada simpang bersinyal di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia. Penyebab utamanya adalah adanya konflik yang diakibatkan oleh faktor perilaku pengemudi yang tidak patuh atau paham tentang pengoperasian persinyalan. RLR merupakan perilaku pengemudi yang paling berbahaya pada simpang bersinyal, dimana pengemudi gagal mematuhi peraturan persinyalan pada simpang sehingga konflik terjadi. Untuk mengkaji perilaku pada RLR perlu dilakukan langkah awal yaitu identifikasi simpang bersinyal yang paling rawan terhadap kecelakaan. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mengeliminasi lokasi kajian atau penanganan akibat keterbatasan waktu dan biaya. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk penentuan lokasi rawan kecelakaan dilakukan mengacu pada Highway Safety Improvement Program di dalam Highway Safety Manual (HSM, 2010), yaitu planning component yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data dan identifikasi daerah rawan kecelakaan pada simpang bersinyal. Menggunakan data kecelakaan tahun 2013-2015 dengan mengombinasikan tiga metode analisis yaitu metode frekuensi, tingkat kecelakaan dan ekuivalensi kerugian harta benda (EPDO) ditentukan tiga simpang bersinyal yang paling rawan kecelakaan dan diprioritaskan untuk dilakukan kajian mendalam terhadap perilaku pelanggaran RLR.

Optimization Approach to Highway Safety Improvement Programming

1998 ◽  
Vol 1640 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raktim Pal ◽  
Kumares C. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Funding Level ◽  
Crash Reduction

A procedure is developed for optimal allocation of highway safety improvement funds. The approach minimizes the total number of crashes in a study area during an analysis period within the constraints of funding resources. The uniqueness of the model lies in its flexibility for considering the effectiveness of safety improvement projects in future years. The model can consider carryover of unspent funds from previous years. The effect of errors involved in estimation of initial investment costs, annual maintenance costs, crash reduction rates, and additional traffic growth factors can be studied. The application of the model is illustrated. The effect of funding level on the effectiveness of the safety improvement program is studied through sensitivity analysis.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Safety Improvement Program in Saskatchewan Using an Observational Before-After Study with the Full-Bayes Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Sacchi ◽  
Saeid Tayebikhorami
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Crash Modification Factors ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Bayes Approach

A key step in highway safety management is to determine whether the frequency and/or severity of collisions have been reduced after implementing a specific improvement program. This research focused on evaluating the safety performance of 50 sites that have been improved under the Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure’s (MHI) Safety Improvement Program (SIP). SIP projects were designed to reduce the frequency and severity of collisions on provincial highways in rural areas through the implementation of different safety countermeasures. The methodology adopted was an observational before-after study with the full Bayes approach. The results showed that SIP projects reduced total collisions by 14.8% and severe (fatal-plus-injury) collisions by 25.4%. The reduction of property-damage-only collisions was not found to be statistically significant. Crash modification factors (CMFs) for the two most frequent SIP treatments, i.e., right-turn lanes and delineation lighting at intersections, were estimated and compared to the results of the literature.

Identifying Pedestrian High-Crash Locations as Part of Florida’s Highway Safety Improvement Program: A Systematic Approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 1828 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio R. Espino ◽  
Javier S. Gonzalez ◽  
Albert Gan
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
High Crash Locations

From 1997 to 2001, pedestrian fatalities represented 25.9% (2,065 fatalities) of all traffic fatalities in Florida. The latest available statewide crash data from the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles reveals 8,487 pedestrian crashes, resulting in 510 deaths and 7,894 injuries, in 2001. However, a methodology is not currently available to identify pedestrian high-crash locations in Florida as part of the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP). A study was conducted to provide the framework for the systematic identification of pedestrian high-crash locations on the state highway system as part of the HSIP. The study methodology uses the Poisson distribution to determine abnormally high pedestrian crash frequencies in a year for 1-mi roadway segments. Four-lane and six-lane divided roadways with continuous sidewalks on both sides of the road in Miami-Dade County were included. The crash data, the latest available from the crash database of the Florida Department of Transportation, correspond to the years 1997, 1998, and 1999. A χ2 goodness-of-fit test was performed to determine how well the data could be modeled by a Poisson process. The goodness-of-fit test was significant at the 2.5% level for the 1999 data, at the 10% level for the 1998 data, and less than 1% for the 1997 data. With a confidence level of at least 90%, a pedestrian crash frequency of three crashes in a 1-mi segment was found to be abnormally high for the fourlane divided facilities. For the six-lane divided facilities, four pedestrian crashes per 1-mi segment were established as the threshold value. From these threshold values, 22 1-mi segments were identified as pedestrian high-crash locations in Miami-Dade County for 1999.

Implementation of a multimodal patient safety improvement program “SafetyLEAP” in intensive care units

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Backman ◽  
Paul C. Hebert ◽  
Alison Jennings ◽  
David Neilipovitz ◽  
Omar Choudhri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Patient Safety Improvement

Purpose Patient safety remains a top priority in healthcare. Many organizations have developed systems to monitor and prevent harm, and have invested in different approaches to quality improvement. Despite these organizational efforts to better detect adverse events, efficient resolution of safety problems remains a significant challenge. The authors developed and implemented a comprehensive multimodal patient safety improvement program called SafetyLEAP. The term “LEAP” is an acronym that highlights the three facets of the program including: a Leadership and Engagement approach; Audit and feedback; and a Planned improvement intervention. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of the SafetyLEAP program in the intensive care units (ICUs) of three large hospitals. Design/methodology/approach A comparative case study approach was used to compare and contrast the adherence to each component of the SafetyLEAP program. The study was conducted using a convenience sample of three (n=3) ICUs from two provinces. Two reviewers independently evaluated major adherence metrics of the SafetyLEAP program for their completeness. Analysis was performed for each individual case, and across cases. Findings A total of 257 patients were included in the study. Overall, the proportion of the SafetyLEAP tasks completed was 64.47, 100, and 26.32 percent, respectively. ICU nos 1 and 2 were able to identify opportunities for improvement, follow a quality improvement process and demonstrate positive changes in patient safety. The main factors influencing adherence were the engagement of a local champion, competing priorities, and the identification of appropriate resources. Practical implications The SafetyLEAP program allowed for the identification of processes that could result in patient harm in the ICUs. However, the success in improving patient safety was dependent on the engagement of the care teams. Originality/value The authors developed an evidence-based approach to systematically and prospectively detect, improve, and evaluate actions related to patient safety.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document