Tools to Identify Safety Issues for a Corridor Safety-Improvement Program

2000 ◽  
Vol 1717 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Breyer
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Safety Improvement

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) recognizes that a new paradigm in highway safety evaluation was brought about by the advent of advanced technologies such as photo log, geographic information systems (GIS), and global-positioning satellite systems. Whereas these technologies are known to serve distinct singular purposes in a highway agency, ADOT has endeavored to explore the possibilities of integrating these technologies for the purpose of providing an all-encompassing perspective of crash history and roadside characteristics in a multimedia display of GIS maps and related photo imagery. The research provides the account of an analytic tool-development process aimed at improving the recognition of highway safety hazards. These hazards might otherwise be apparent if not for the relative complexity of existing relational databases and spatial GIS infrastructure at ADOT. Previous methods of mining data from the ADOT crash databases were limited in functionality as well as in reliability. By promoting the “visualization” of highway safety conditions, the advanced technologies open a wealth of new opportunities in identifying problematic roadside conditions and crash histories. This is expected to lead to an improved economy of implementing safety improvements that are designed properly to mitigate the “real” conditions that can be identified. The research is a companion to the larger, FHWA-sponsored research into establishing a corridor safety-improvement program for Arizona (FHWA Report FHWA-AZ 98-458).

Examining Fatal Crash Reductions by First Harmful Events since the Introduction of the Federal Highway Safety Improvement Program

2013 ◽  
Vol 2364 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Feng Wu ◽  
Scott C. Himes ◽  
Martin T. Pietrucha
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Federal Highway

The federal Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) has been associated with the reduction in fatal crashes since 2006, but the reasons for the reduction remain largely unknown. This paper examines the reduction in fatal crashes in terms of different types of first harmful events that can provide insight into crash causes and prevention strategies. In this study, fatal crashes were categorized into four types: overturn, collision with motor vehicle in transport, collision with fixed object, and collision with nonmotorist. Fixed-effects and mixed-effects Poisson models were used to estimate the magnitudes of fatal crash reduction by first harmful events for each state. Fatal crashes due to collisions with nonmotorists and motor vehicles in transport have been reduced by 10% and 5.3%, respectively, compared with the 2001 to 2005 period. Fatal crashes due to overturn and collision with a fixed object decreased in some states but remained unchanged or increased in other states. Nevertheless, the numbers of national fixed-object and overturn fatal crashes have been reduced by 3% and 0.7%, respectively, as a whole. This study also investigated possibilities that could be associated with the magnitudes of the reductions, for example, the different traffic laws among states. It was found that although different safety improvement projects were implemented to target the various types of crashes, the improvements were also likely to be beneficial to other crash types. These are referred to as spillover effects. Nationally, fatal crashes have decreased since the introduction of the HSIP partly because of the reduction in fatal crashes due to collisions with nonmotorists and motor vehicles in transport and partly because of spillover effects.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN SIMPANG BERSINYAL RAWAN KECELAKAAN UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI AWAL TERHADAP POTENSI RED LIGHT RUNNING (RLR) DI BANDA ACEH

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sofyan M. Saleh ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Endang Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Equivalent Property

Red Light Running (RLR) is the leading cause of traffic accidents at signal intersections in various countries, including Indonesia. The main reason is the existence of conflicts caused by drivers' behavioral factors who are not obedient or understand about signaling operations. RLR is the most dangerous driver's behavior in a signal intersection, where the driver fails to comply with signaling rules at the intersection so that the conflict occurs. To assess the behavior of the RLR, the first step is to identify the signaled intersections that are most prone to accidents. This is needed to eliminate the location of study or handling due to limited time and costs. The methodology used to determine accident-prone locations is based on the Highway Safety Improvement Program in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM, 2010), namely the planning component consisting of data collection and identification of accident-prone areas in signal intersections. Using accident data of 2013-2015, and by combining three methods of analysis such as frequency, accident rate, and equivalent property damage only methods, then three most accident-prone signal intersections are determined and prioritized for in-depth study of RLR behavior analysis. Red Light Running (RLR) adalah penyebab utama kecelakaan lalu lintas pada simpang bersinyal di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia. Penyebab utamanya adalah adanya konflik yang diakibatkan oleh faktor perilaku pengemudi yang tidak patuh atau paham tentang pengoperasian persinyalan. RLR merupakan perilaku pengemudi yang paling berbahaya pada simpang bersinyal, dimana pengemudi gagal mematuhi peraturan persinyalan pada simpang sehingga konflik terjadi. Untuk mengkaji perilaku pada RLR perlu dilakukan langkah awal yaitu identifikasi simpang bersinyal yang paling rawan terhadap kecelakaan. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mengeliminasi lokasi kajian atau penanganan akibat keterbatasan waktu dan biaya. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk penentuan lokasi rawan kecelakaan dilakukan mengacu pada Highway Safety Improvement Program di dalam Highway Safety Manual (HSM, 2010), yaitu planning component yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data dan identifikasi daerah rawan kecelakaan pada simpang bersinyal. Menggunakan data kecelakaan tahun 2013-2015 dengan mengombinasikan tiga metode analisis yaitu metode frekuensi, tingkat kecelakaan dan ekuivalensi kerugian harta benda (EPDO) ditentukan tiga simpang bersinyal yang paling rawan kecelakaan dan diprioritaskan untuk dilakukan kajian mendalam terhadap perilaku pelanggaran RLR.

Safety Performance Functions of Low-Volume Roadways

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 798-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subasish Das ◽  
Ioannis Tsapakis ◽  
Songjukta Datta
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Performance Functions ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
State And Local

The Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act) mandates a Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) for all states that “emphasizes a data-driven, strategic approach to improving highway safety on all public roads that focuses on performance.” To determine the predicted crashes on a specific roadway facility, the most convenient and widely used tool is the first edition of Highway Safety Manual (HSM), which provides predictive models [known as safety performance functions (SPFs)] of crash frequencies for different roadways. Low-volume roads (LVRs) are defined as roads located in rural or suburban areas with daily traffic volumes of less than or equal to 400 vehicles per day (vpd). LVRs cover a significant portion of the roadways in the U.S. While much work has been done to develop SPFs for high-volume roads, less effort has been devoted to LVR safety issues. This study used 2013–2017 traffic count, and roadway network and crash data from North Carolina to develop six SPFs for three LVRs, which can be used to predict total crashes, as well as fatal and injury crashes. This study also performed a sensitivity analysis to show the influence of traffic volumes on expected crash frequencies. The SPFs developed in this study can provide guidance to state and local agencies with the means to quantify safety impacts on LVR networks.

Optimization Approach to Highway Safety Improvement Programming

1998 ◽  
Vol 1640 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raktim Pal ◽  
Kumares C. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Funding Level ◽  
Crash Reduction

A procedure is developed for optimal allocation of highway safety improvement funds. The approach minimizes the total number of crashes in a study area during an analysis period within the constraints of funding resources. The uniqueness of the model lies in its flexibility for considering the effectiveness of safety improvement projects in future years. The model can consider carryover of unspent funds from previous years. The effect of errors involved in estimation of initial investment costs, annual maintenance costs, crash reduction rates, and additional traffic growth factors can be studied. The application of the model is illustrated. The effect of funding level on the effectiveness of the safety improvement program is studied through sensitivity analysis.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Safety Improvement Program in Saskatchewan Using an Observational Before-After Study with the Full-Bayes Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Sacchi ◽  
Saeid Tayebikhorami
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Crash Modification Factors ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Bayes Approach

A key step in highway safety management is to determine whether the frequency and/or severity of collisions have been reduced after implementing a specific improvement program. This research focused on evaluating the safety performance of 50 sites that have been improved under the Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure’s (MHI) Safety Improvement Program (SIP). SIP projects were designed to reduce the frequency and severity of collisions on provincial highways in rural areas through the implementation of different safety countermeasures. The methodology adopted was an observational before-after study with the full Bayes approach. The results showed that SIP projects reduced total collisions by 14.8% and severe (fatal-plus-injury) collisions by 25.4%. The reduction of property-damage-only collisions was not found to be statistically significant. Crash modification factors (CMFs) for the two most frequent SIP treatments, i.e., right-turn lanes and delineation lighting at intersections, were estimated and compared to the results of the literature.

Identifying Pedestrian High-Crash Locations as Part of Florida’s Highway Safety Improvement Program: A Systematic Approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 1828 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio R. Espino ◽  
Javier S. Gonzalez ◽  
Albert Gan
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
High Crash Locations

From 1997 to 2001, pedestrian fatalities represented 25.9% (2,065 fatalities) of all traffic fatalities in Florida. The latest available statewide crash data from the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles reveals 8,487 pedestrian crashes, resulting in 510 deaths and 7,894 injuries, in 2001. However, a methodology is not currently available to identify pedestrian high-crash locations in Florida as part of the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP). A study was conducted to provide the framework for the systematic identification of pedestrian high-crash locations on the state highway system as part of the HSIP. The study methodology uses the Poisson distribution to determine abnormally high pedestrian crash frequencies in a year for 1-mi roadway segments. Four-lane and six-lane divided roadways with continuous sidewalks on both sides of the road in Miami-Dade County were included. The crash data, the latest available from the crash database of the Florida Department of Transportation, correspond to the years 1997, 1998, and 1999. A χ2 goodness-of-fit test was performed to determine how well the data could be modeled by a Poisson process. The goodness-of-fit test was significant at the 2.5% level for the 1999 data, at the 10% level for the 1998 data, and less than 1% for the 1997 data. With a confidence level of at least 90%, a pedestrian crash frequency of three crashes in a 1-mi segment was found to be abnormally high for the fourlane divided facilities. For the six-lane divided facilities, four pedestrian crashes per 1-mi segment were established as the threshold value. From these threshold values, 22 1-mi segments were identified as pedestrian high-crash locations in Miami-Dade County for 1999.

Risk Analysis and Safety Evaluation of Biomass Cookstoves

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G. Johnson ◽  
Mark Bryden ◽  
Angran Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Biomass Cookstoves

Combustion of biomass in open fires and ad hoc unventilated stoves is the primary form of household energy for two to three billion people worldwide. These cookstoves have significant health, social, and economic impacts on poor families in developing countries. These impacts include disease, injury, excess time spent gathering fuel, deforestation, and high fuel costs relative to income. In an attempt to address many of these problems numerous non-governmental organizations have developed several biomass cookstove designs in the past five to ten years. These designs have generally focused on increasing fuel efficiency, and to a lesser degree, reducing particulate emissions. This emphasis has been driven largely by the availability of relatively straight forward fuel efficiency tests for biomass cookstoves developed 10–20 years ago and the ability of researchers to adapt current air pollution testing methods for stoves. In contrast there are no safety standards or hazard evaluations available for biomass cookstoves. Because of this the safety of the cookstove is seldom explicitly considered as a part of the design process. This paper addresses the basic safety issues that should be considered in the design of biomass stoves used in developing countries, describes the reasoning behind these safety issues, and proposes a set of safety guidelines for testing and evaluating stove safety. These guidelines are intended for testing and evaluating in the field as well as in the design lab.

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