Examining Fatal Crash Reductions by First Harmful Events since the Introduction of the Federal Highway Safety Improvement Program

2013 ◽  
Vol 2364 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Feng Wu ◽  
Scott C. Himes ◽  
Martin T. Pietrucha
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Federal Highway

The federal Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) has been associated with the reduction in fatal crashes since 2006, but the reasons for the reduction remain largely unknown. This paper examines the reduction in fatal crashes in terms of different types of first harmful events that can provide insight into crash causes and prevention strategies. In this study, fatal crashes were categorized into four types: overturn, collision with motor vehicle in transport, collision with fixed object, and collision with nonmotorist. Fixed-effects and mixed-effects Poisson models were used to estimate the magnitudes of fatal crash reduction by first harmful events for each state. Fatal crashes due to collisions with nonmotorists and motor vehicles in transport have been reduced by 10% and 5.3%, respectively, compared with the 2001 to 2005 period. Fatal crashes due to overturn and collision with a fixed object decreased in some states but remained unchanged or increased in other states. Nevertheless, the numbers of national fixed-object and overturn fatal crashes have been reduced by 3% and 0.7%, respectively, as a whole. This study also investigated possibilities that could be associated with the magnitudes of the reductions, for example, the different traffic laws among states. It was found that although different safety improvement projects were implemented to target the various types of crashes, the improvements were also likely to be beneficial to other crash types. These are referred to as spillover effects. Nationally, fatal crashes have decreased since the introduction of the HSIP partly because of the reduction in fatal crashes due to collisions with nonmotorists and motor vehicles in transport and partly because of spillover effects.

Tools to Identify Safety Issues for a Corridor Safety-Improvement Program

2000 ◽  
Vol 1717 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Breyer
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Safety Improvement

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) recognizes that a new paradigm in highway safety evaluation was brought about by the advent of advanced technologies such as photo log, geographic information systems (GIS), and global-positioning satellite systems. Whereas these technologies are known to serve distinct singular purposes in a highway agency, ADOT has endeavored to explore the possibilities of integrating these technologies for the purpose of providing an all-encompassing perspective of crash history and roadside characteristics in a multimedia display of GIS maps and related photo imagery. The research provides the account of an analytic tool-development process aimed at improving the recognition of highway safety hazards. These hazards might otherwise be apparent if not for the relative complexity of existing relational databases and spatial GIS infrastructure at ADOT. Previous methods of mining data from the ADOT crash databases were limited in functionality as well as in reliability. By promoting the “visualization” of highway safety conditions, the advanced technologies open a wealth of new opportunities in identifying problematic roadside conditions and crash histories. This is expected to lead to an improved economy of implementing safety improvements that are designed properly to mitigate the “real” conditions that can be identified. The research is a companion to the larger, FHWA-sponsored research into establishing a corridor safety-improvement program for Arizona (FHWA Report FHWA-AZ 98-458).

scholarly journals Precipitation and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes: Continental Analysis with High-Resolution Radar Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1453-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Stevens ◽  
Carl J. Schreck ◽  
Shubhayu Saha ◽  
Jesse E. Bell ◽  
Kenneth E. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
High Resolution Radar

AbstractMotor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of accidental death in the United States, and weather is frequently cited as a contributing factor in fatal crashes. Previous studies have investigated the link between these crashes and precipitation typically using station-based observations that, while providing a good estimate of the prevailing conditions on a given day or hour, often fail to capture the conditions present at the actual time and location of a crash. Using a multiyear, high-resolution radar reanalysis and information on 125,012 fatal crashes spanning the entire continental United States over a 6-yr period, we find that the overall risk of a fatal crash increases by approximately 34% during active precipitation. The risk is significant in all regions of the continental United States, and it is highest during the morning rush hour and during the winter months.

scholarly journals California’s Graduated Driver Licensing Ten Years Later

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike A. Males
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Graduated Driver Licensing ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Driver Licensing

California’s 1998 Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) law imposed complex restrictions, enhanced supervision, and delayed licensure on new drivers under age 18. While initial researchers credited GDL with reducing fatalities among 16-year-olds, later research found larger fatality increases among the 18- and 19 age group of GDL “graduates.” This study uses Center for Health Statistics and Fatality Analysis Reporting System traffic data from 1996-2008 to conduct time-series analyses of the longer-term effects of California’s GDL law on motor vehicle fatalities and fatal crashes among the 16-25 age group. The control series consisted of Californians in the 27-39 age group during the same time period who reached age 16 before GDL took effect. The analysis found that from 1996-2008, the 16-25 age group subjected to GDL suffered significant net increases of 5% in drivers’ fatal crash involvements and 7% in traffic fatalities compared to the control group not exposed to GDL. Declines in fatalities and fatal crashes among the 16-17 year old age group were more than offset by larger increases in fatalities and fatal crashes among ages 18-25. For the 16-25 age group as a whole, California’s GDL was associated with approximately 60 more fatal crashes and fatalities per year. These results replicate and extend the negative findings regarding GDL. They suggest that lawmakers now should consider repealing or substantially modifying California’s GDL in the direction of a more flexible, professional licensing system.

“Eyes on the Street”: The Impact of Tennessee's Emergency Cellular Telephone Program on Alcohol-Related Fatal Crashes

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart J. D'Alessio ◽  
Lisa Stolzenberg ◽  
W. Clinton Terry
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Multiple Time Series ◽  
Cellular Telephone ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decline

Using longitudinal data drawn from Tennessee's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and a multiple time-series research design, the authors assessed whether an emergency cellular telephone program, established on April 1, 1995, reduced alcohol-related fatal crashes. Maximum-likelihood results revealed a 2.5 percent decline in the alcohol-related fatal crash rate on roads serviced by the program. No significant change in the monthly percentage of fatal crashes attributed to drunk drivers was observed on roads where the program was not implemented. Emergency cellular telephone programs show promise as an effective and relatively inexpensive means for improving highway safety.

Indian Reservation Safety Improvement Program

2013 ◽  
Vol 2364 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie S. Shinstine ◽  
Khaled Ksaibati
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Technical Assistance Program ◽  
Tribal Lands

The need to reduce fatal and injury crashes on tribal lands has been recognized for years. The United States has realized a decline in fatal crashes over the past several years, but fatal crashes continue to increase on tribal lands. Little progress has been made in improving safety on tribal lands. Limited resources, lack of coordination across jurisdictions, the rural nature of many of the roadways, and lack of crash data have made it difficult for tribes to implement an effective safety improvement program. A methodology that can address these challenges is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology has been implemented successfully in the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming. Collaboration among safety stakeholders—state departments of transportation, tribal leadership, the Local Technical Assistance Program, the Tribal Technical Assistance Program, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and local and tribal law enforcement—is key to the success of such a process.

scholarly journals Examination of Fault, Unsafe Driving Acts, and Total Harm in Car-Truck Collisions

2003 ◽  
Vol 1830 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest M. Council ◽  
David L. Harkey ◽  
Daniel T. Nabors ◽  
Asad J. Khattak ◽  
Yusuf M. Mohamedshah
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Information System ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Facility Type ◽  
Crash Types

Crashes involving large trucks and passenger cars are important topics for research and countermeasure development since they represent more than 60% of all fatal truck crashes and because the passenger car occupant is much more likely to be killed. This study ( a) examined “fault” in total car–truck crashes using North Carolina Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) data for comparison with fault analyzed in previous studies of fatal crashes, ( b) used general estimates system (GES) crash data to verify unsafe driving acts (UDAs) identified by expert panels in past studies, and ( c) used North Carolina HSIS data to identify critical combinations of roadway facility type, roadway location, and crash type based on “total harm”—a measure combining both the frequency and severity of the crash. Fault in total North Carolina car–truck crashes was found to differ significantly from past fatal crash studies, with the truck driver being at fault more often than the car driver both overall and in certain crash types. Car drivers continue to be at fault much more often in head-on and angle crashes. While it was not possible to analyze all UDAs identified in prior studies, when possible, the current analyses revealed differences between the GES crash data results and the expert-based results, pointing to the need for better UDA methods if they are to be used to target treatments. Finally, using the total-harm analysis with North Carolina car–truck crashes indicated that undivided rural arterials and collectors should be primary targets for further investigation and for treatment.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN SIMPANG BERSINYAL RAWAN KECELAKAAN UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI AWAL TERHADAP POTENSI RED LIGHT RUNNING (RLR) DI BANDA ACEH

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sofyan M. Saleh ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Endang Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Equivalent Property

Red Light Running (RLR) is the leading cause of traffic accidents at signal intersections in various countries, including Indonesia. The main reason is the existence of conflicts caused by drivers' behavioral factors who are not obedient or understand about signaling operations. RLR is the most dangerous driver's behavior in a signal intersection, where the driver fails to comply with signaling rules at the intersection so that the conflict occurs. To assess the behavior of the RLR, the first step is to identify the signaled intersections that are most prone to accidents. This is needed to eliminate the location of study or handling due to limited time and costs. The methodology used to determine accident-prone locations is based on the Highway Safety Improvement Program in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM, 2010), namely the planning component consisting of data collection and identification of accident-prone areas in signal intersections. Using accident data of 2013-2015, and by combining three methods of analysis such as frequency, accident rate, and equivalent property damage only methods, then three most accident-prone signal intersections are determined and prioritized for in-depth study of RLR behavior analysis. Red Light Running (RLR) adalah penyebab utama kecelakaan lalu lintas pada simpang bersinyal di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia. Penyebab utamanya adalah adanya konflik yang diakibatkan oleh faktor perilaku pengemudi yang tidak patuh atau paham tentang pengoperasian persinyalan. RLR merupakan perilaku pengemudi yang paling berbahaya pada simpang bersinyal, dimana pengemudi gagal mematuhi peraturan persinyalan pada simpang sehingga konflik terjadi. Untuk mengkaji perilaku pada RLR perlu dilakukan langkah awal yaitu identifikasi simpang bersinyal yang paling rawan terhadap kecelakaan. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mengeliminasi lokasi kajian atau penanganan akibat keterbatasan waktu dan biaya. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk penentuan lokasi rawan kecelakaan dilakukan mengacu pada Highway Safety Improvement Program di dalam Highway Safety Manual (HSM, 2010), yaitu planning component yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data dan identifikasi daerah rawan kecelakaan pada simpang bersinyal. Menggunakan data kecelakaan tahun 2013-2015 dengan mengombinasikan tiga metode analisis yaitu metode frekuensi, tingkat kecelakaan dan ekuivalensi kerugian harta benda (EPDO) ditentukan tiga simpang bersinyal yang paling rawan kecelakaan dan diprioritaskan untuk dilakukan kajian mendalam terhadap perilaku pelanggaran RLR.

scholarly journals Reversing Poor Safety Records: Identifying Best Practices to Improve Fleet Safety

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Camden ◽  
Jeffrey S. Hickman ◽  
Richard J. Hanowski
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Single Strategy ◽  
Commercial Motor Vehicle ◽  
Critical Components

Commercial motor vehicle safety is of utmost importance, as crashes involving commercial motor vehicles often result in significant property damage, injuries, fatalities, and financial loss for fleets. However, fleet managers are often unsure what strategies other fleets have used to successfully improve safety. To identify best practices, researchers completed case studies with nine commercial motor vehicle fleets that successfully improved their safety performance. A content analysis was performed, and the successful strategies were organized into the Haddon Matrix. Results showed that there was no one single strategy that fleets used to improve safety. Instead, fleets relied on a comprehensive approach focusing on pre-crash countermeasures, including addressing hiring practices, driver training, fleet safety culture, safety technologies, scheduling, and maintenance. However, an enhanced safety culture and advanced safety technology were identified as critical components to their safety improvement. Results from this study may help fleets understand what their peers have used to successfully improve safety and which strategies may not be as helpful.

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