DESEMPENHO DO ÍNDICE DE PERIGO DE INCÊNDIOS FMA NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA CHAPADA DOS GUIMARÃES-MT

O estudo teve como objetivo, analisar o desempenho da Fórmula de Monte Alegre (FMA) no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães (PNCG) de 2005 a 2014. Os dados meteorológicos utilizados para o cálculo da FMA foram obtidos no banco de dados históricos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), da estação meteorológica localizada no município de Cuiabá. Dos 3.650 dias avaliados, as classes de perigo nulo e pequeno ocorreram em média 52,97%, enquanto as classes de perigo médio, alto e muito alto ocorreram em média em 47,23%. Foi observado que o índice previu um maior número de dias concentrados nas classes “nulo”, indicando que a fórmula necessita de ajustes nas classes de perigo do índice. O valor obtido para o skill score foi de 0,0333 e a porcentagem de sucesso apresentou um valor de 54,22. Observou-se que dos 23.737,76 ha queimados, 98,63% foram queimados quando o índice apresentou um grau de perigo muito alto. Apesar de necessitar de ajustes, a FMA apresentou um bom desempenho, com 67,41% dos incêndios ocorrendo nos dias em que o índice indicava a classe de perigo “muito alto”, demonstrando que a fórmula pode ser adotada como subsídio de prevenção dos incêndios florestais no parque.Palavra-chave: incêndios florestais, unidade de conservação, porcentagem de sucesso. PERFORMANCE OF THE FMA FIRE HAZARD INDEX AT CHAPADA DOS GUIMARÃES-MT NATIONAL PARK ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of the Monte Alegre Formula (FMA) in the National Park of Chapada dos Guimarães (PNCG) from 2005 to 2014. The meteorological data used to calculate the AMF were obtained from the historical database of the Institute National Meteorological Service (INMET), of the meteorological station located in the city of Cuiabá. Of the 3,650 days evaluated, the null and small hazard classes occurred on average 52.97%, while the medium, high and very high hazard classes occurred on average at 47.23%. It was observed that the index predicted a higher number of days concentrated in the "null" classes, indicating that the formula needs to be adjusted in the hazard classes of the index. The value obtained for the skill score was 0.0333 and the success percentage presented a value of 54.22. It was observed that of the 23,737,76 ha burned, 98.63% were burned when the index presented a very high degree of danger. Despite the need for adjustments, the FMA performed well, with 67.41% of the fires occurring on days when the index indicated the "very high" hazard class, demonstrating that the formula can be adopted as a fire prevention subsidy forest in the park.Keywords: forest fires, conservation unit, percentage of success. DOI:

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DESEMPENHO DA FÓRMULA DE MONTE ALEGRE (FMA) E DA FÓRMULA DE MONTE ALEGRE ALTERADA (FMA+) NO DISTRITO FLORESTAL DE MONTE ALEGRE

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v40i2.17827 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José Renato Soares Nunes ◽

Ivone Satsuki Namikawa Fier ◽

Ronaldo Viana Soares ◽

Antonio Carlos Batista

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Contingency Table ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Skill Score ◽

Fire Danger ◽

Fire Occurrence ◽

Is Research ◽

Score Method ◽

Very High ◽

Forest District

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de dados meteorológicos para o Distrito Florestal de Monte Alegre, localizado no município de Telêmaco Borba, estado do Paraná. A base de dados climatológicos usada foi fornecida pela Klabin S.A. Também foram obtidos dados de ocorrência de incêndios florestais. Os dados de umidade relativa, velocidade do vento, precipitação e de ocorrência de incêndios florestais se referem ao período compreendido entre 01/06/1998 e 31/05/2003, totalizando cinco anos de observação. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi realizar um estudo comparativo do desempenho da Fórmula de Monte Alegre (FMA) e da Fórmula de Monte Alegre Alterada (FMA+) no Distrito Florestal de Monte Alegre. O desempenho dos índices foi avaliado pelo método skill score. Foram considerados como não indicativos de probabilidade de ocorrência de incêndio as classes de perigo Nulo e Pequeno, e como indicativos de probabilidade de ocorrência as classes de perigo Médio, Alto e Muito Alto. A partir dessa definição, foram calculados os valores de skill score e porcentagens de sucesso dos índices. Os resultados indicaram um desajuste no FMA no período analisado, implicando um desempenho inferior ao desejado, enquanto que FMA+ apresentou desempenho satisfatório, não necessitando de reajuste. Palavras-chave: Índice de perigo de incêndios; incêndios florestais; FMA; FMA+. Abstract Performance of the Monte Alegre Formula (FMA) and Modified Monte Alegre Formula (FMA+) in the Monte Alegre Forest District .This research was developed in the Monte Alegre Forest District, located in Telêmaco Borba county, Paraná State, Brazil. The meteorological data used in the study was supplied by Klabin S.A., a major Brazilian forest company. Data on forest fire occurrences were collected from June 1998 to May 2003, totalizing 5 years of observation. The main objective of is research was to compare the performance of Monte Alegre Formula (FMA) and Modified Monte Alegre Formula (FMA+) in the fire danger prediction in the Monte Alegre Forest District. The performance of the indices were evaluated through the skill score method, based on a contingency table composed by the observed and the predict values for an event in a determined period of time. Null and Low fire danger classes were considered as indicative of no fire occurrence, whereas Medium, High, and Very High classes were considered as indicative of fire occurrence. Based on these premises the skill score and the success percentages of the indices were calculated. Results indicated a lower performance of the FMA compared to the FMA+ in the analyzed period.Keywords: Fire danger index; forest fires; FMA; FMA+.

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High resolution fire hazard index based on satellite images

Territorium Revista Portuguesa de riscos prevenção e segurança ◽

10.14195/1647-7723_26-1_3 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 29-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovanni Laneve ◽

Lorenzo Fusilli

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Emergency Services ◽

Fire Hazard ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Information Support ◽

Burnt Area ◽

Radar Imagery ◽

Information Products

In December 2015, after 3 year of activity, the FP7 project PREFER (Space-based Information Support for Prevention and REcovery of Forest Fires Emergency in the MediteRranean Area) came to an end. The project was designed to respond to the need to improve the use of satellite images in applications related to the emergency services, in particular, to forest fires. The project aimed at developing, validating and demonstrating information products based on optical and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery for supporting the prevention of forest fires and the recovery/damage assessment of burnt area. The present paper presents an improved version of one of the products developed under the PREFER project, which is the Daily Fire Hazard Index (DFHI).

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Estimation of Erosion Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Method in the Ranu Pani Watershed in the Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan ◽

10.21776/ub.jtsl.2022.009.1.12 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 111-119

Author(s):

Qowam Mutashim Maulana ◽

Zaenal Kusuma ◽

Kurniawan Sigitt Wicaksono

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Granular Soil ◽

Class Iii ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Erosion Hazard ◽

Index Value ◽

Almost All ◽

Very High

The land problem that commonly occurs in Ranu Pani Watershed is erosion. Ranu Pani Watershed is an area located in the mountains with very high soil erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct good management in the upstream and downstream areas. The first step before carrying out the management is to analyze the occurrence of erosion in the Ranu Pani Watershed. The purpose of this research was to predict the potential erosion and the distribution of spatial data.. The results of the research showed that the erosivity value in the Ranu Pani Watershed was 961.44 and heavy to very heavy class (0.50-0.77) of erodibility, soil texture was dominated by silt, fine granular soil structure, and moderate dominant permeability. 56.80% of the area (158.27 ha) has a slop class III (15-30%) with the land cover are natural forest with lots of litter, grasslands, shrubs, and fields of onions and potatoes. Land management is managed cultivation follows the contour line but without conservation. The result of the calculation showed that almost all areas have potential erosion value exceed the permissible erosion determination, with the potential erosion value are 1.92-4246.28 tha-1 yr-1, the range of permissible erosion value are 0.029- 1.2 tha-1 yr-1, and the erosion hazard index value is 1.57-143442.49. The results of the spatial analysis showed that 64.39% of the area (179.41 ha) has a very heavy erosion hazard class and 69.50% of the area (193.66 ha) has a very high erosion hazard index.

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Jenis Dan Habitat Burung Paruh Bengkok Pada Hutan Wae Illie Taman Nasional Manusela

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v5i2.184 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lesly Latupapua

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Bird Species ◽

Observation Time ◽

Tree Level ◽

Regeneration Rate ◽

Plot Sampling ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High ◽

Continuous Strip

Manusela National Park has a very high degree of diversity of crooked beak. The objective of this study was to determine the types and habitats of the crooked beak in the Wae Illie forest of Manusela National Park. The method of this research was Ponctualle de'Abondance method. Observation and retrieval of data on birds was done by determining five stations points with 250 m distance between each observation station. The observation time in each station is 20 minutes. Vegetation data has been determined by line plot sampling method for regeneration rate and continuous strip sampling for tree level. The results of the study determined that seven species of parrots, namely Molucas Kakatua (Cacatua moluccensis), red chili pepper (Charmosyna placentis), Nuri Bayan (Eclectus roratus), Nuri Molucas (Eos bornea), Large Coconut Paruh Betet (Tanygnathus megalorynchos) and Perkici rainbow (Trichoglossus haematodus) were accrued points observations. The diversity of bird species is categorized as low;their species diversity H' was 0.3109. Kakatua Seram (Cacatua moluccensis) abundance was 40%, relatively higher that those of other six bird species.

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Integrating new methods and tools in fire danger rating

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf05091 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 306 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Christos Vasilakos ◽

Kostas Kalabokidis ◽

John Hatzopoulos ◽

George Kallos ◽

Yiannis Matsinos

Keyword(s):

Fire Hazard ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Risk Index ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Fire Risk ◽

Fire Danger ◽

Burned Area ◽

Fire Weather Index ◽

Input Parameters ◽

Fire Ignition

Prevention is one of the most important stages in wildfire and other natural hazard management regimes. Fire danger rating systems have been adopted by many developed countries dealing with wildfire prevention and pre-suppression planning, so that civil protection agencies are able to define areas with high probabilities of fire ignition and resort to necessary actions. This present paper presents a fire ignition risk scheme, developed in the study area of Lesvos Island, Greece, that can be an integral component of a quantitative Fire Danger Rating System. The proposed methodology estimates the geo-spatial fire risk regardless of fire causes or expected burned area, and it has the ability of forecasting based on meteorological data. The main output of the proposed scheme is the Fire Ignition Index, which is based on three other indices: Fire Weather Index, Fire Hazard Index, and Fire Risk Index. These indices are not just a relative probability for fire occurrence, but a rather quantitative assessment of fire danger in a systematic way. Remote sensing data from the high-resolution QuickBird and the Landsat ETM satellite sensors were utilised in order to provide part of the input parameters to the scheme, while Remote Automatic Weather Stations and the SKIRON/Eta weather forecasting system provided real-time and forecasted meteorological data, respectively. Geographic Information Systems were used for management and spatial analyses of the input parameters. The relationship between wildfire occurrence and the input parameters was investigated by neural networks whose training was based on historical data.

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Influence of permanent and variable factors on the number and area of forest fires in the Amur region

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020303002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 203 ◽

pp. 03002

Author(s):

Olga Dyadchenko ◽

Natalia Timchenko ◽

Alexandr Baranov

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Fire Hazard ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Amur Region ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Natural Class ◽

Stable Relationship

The article presents a study of the connection between the number and area of forest fires on the territory of the Amur Region from the area of forestries. the length of mineralized belts in each forestry. the natural class of fire hazard. and the class of fire hazard by weather conditions. A stable relationship between the number of forest fires and the fire hazard class by weather conditions has been revealed. This dependence is presented in the form of a model that makes it possible to predict the number of forest fires both on the territory of the forest fund of the entire Amur Region. and for individual forestries.

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White Ash Decline Hazard Assessment and Management Strategies in Massachusetts Stands

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/14.1.10 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Hilary Woodcock ◽

Karl M. Davies ◽

William A. Patterson

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Site Index ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Data Set ◽

White Ash ◽

Class 1 ◽

High Hazard

Abstract White ash decline is characterized by diminished growth rates and vigor, and premature mortality. Reducing its impact should be a primary management objective in stands with a white ash component. Two methods to identify Massachusetts sites with high hazard of decline were developed using continuous forest inventory (CFI) data. Method 1 uses a vegetation-based estimate of relative soil moisture availability and landscape position data to calculate a decline hazard index (DHI) for the site. A DHI > 1.0 indicates a high hazard site. Four of 18 CFI plots with ≥25 % white ash BA had DHI > 1.0. Field observations in 1991 confirmed ash decline on three of the four plots. Trees on the remaining 14 plots were healthy. Method 2 uses site index (SI) and rooting restriction type (from soil maps) to assign sites to one of three classes, and does not require the collection of field data. Class 1 (SI ≥70, deep soils or dense substratum) and class 2 (SI ≤65, all soil types; SI 70, soils with bedrock at 20-40 in.) sites have a low decline hazard. Class 3 (SI 70-75, soils with bedrock at ≤20 in.) sites have a high hazard. Method 2 was tested on a data set of 74 CFI plots with ≥10% ash BA. Differences among site classes in the numbers of plots with decline were significant (P = 0.0016), with decline on 6% of plots in class 1 and 11% in class 2, compared with 42% of plots in class 3. Method 1 should be more accurate since vegetation data are collected onsite, and it integrates the many variables influencing soil moisture available to plants. Method 2 is quicker and easier to apply. Its accuracy could be improved by collecting soil data onsite. North. J. Appl. For. 14(1):10-15.

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Estimating spatiotemporal dynamics of forest fire hazard using Analytical Hierarchy Process and geostatistical methods in Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-890 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arnab Laha ◽

Shobhit Singh ◽

Utsav Mishra ◽

Manudeo Singh

Keyword(s):

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Fire Hazard ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Vegetation Density ◽

Geostatistical Methods ◽

Time Period ◽

Forest Fire Hazard ◽

Hierarchy Process

Anthropogenic factors and climate change induced severe forest fires that are reoccurring globally. Because of the large spatial scale, frequent occurrence, and danger involved with the forest fires, remote sensing-based approaches are best suited to study this phenomenon. However, there are few studies addressing the temporal effects of the various factors associated with the &#160;forest fire. In this work, by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision support system and geostatistical methods namely Getis-Ord Gi* statstic and Mann Kendall trend test, we have developed a framework to understand the temporal dynamics of forest fire hazard and associated factors by demarcating the hotspots of forest fire using freely available datasets . The proposed framework has been applied on the Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR), Odisha, India. With an area of 5569 km2, the SBR is the sixth largest biosphere reserve in India, comprising of a national park, bird sancturary, tiger reserve, and elephant corridor. Due to its biodiversity and importance in terms of rich and endemic species of flora and fauna, SBR was brought into the umbrella of world network of biosphere reserve under the Man and Biosphere (MAB) programme of UNESCO in the year 2008. Although being a biosphere of international importance, the SBR annually experiences nearly 12 km2 of fire damage.Through this work, the most significant clusters of forest fire hotspots have been demarcated. We have used factors related to topographical, climatic, and physical characteristics of forest to generate forest fire hazard index at annual scale for 28 years (1988 &#8211; 2018) using AHP method. The geostatistical methods were applied on the generated annual fire hazard index data to demarcate the zones of emerging hotspots of forest fire. The results indicate that temporally, the trend of forest fire hazard in buffer zone of the area (Similipal Sanctuary) is decreasing, whereas in core area (Similipal National Park), it is increasing and corelates with the temporal trend of vegetation density in the whole area. However, vegetation density and land surface temperature in the core area does not changes significantly with time. The emerging hotspot analysis shows that most of the region (32% of the total area) is exhibiting an oscillating behaviour with respect to the fire hazard over the studied time-period of 28 years, with more than 50% of the years showing increasing trends of fire hazard. A total of 186 km2 of the region is persistently a hotspot of fire hazard in studied time-period. Overall, 11% of the study area is either under persistent fire hazard or showing increasing trend of fire hazard. However, in the central part of the SNP, the fire hazard is decreasing with time. The same region also observes intense rain, and this could be a factor for the observed decrement in the fire hazard. The results can be used for mitigating the fire hazard of the SBR, alsothe proposed framework can be applied globally to any region with dense vegetation for fire hazard spatiotemporal assessments.

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Landslide hazard zonation, mapping and investigation of triggering factors in Phewa lake watershed, Nepal

Banko Janakari ◽

10.3126/banko.v22i2.9198 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Basnet ◽

M. K. Balla ◽

B. M. Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Landslide Hazard ◽

Hazard Zonation ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Landslide Hazard Zonation ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Zonation Map ◽

Triggering Factors ◽

High Hazard ◽

Landslide Distribution ◽

Very High

The landslide triggering factors were investigated followed by the thematic maps and landslide distribution map prepared and classified using the GPS and GIS Softwares like CartaLinx, ArcView and ERDAS IMAGINE in Sarangkot and Kaskikot Village Development Committees, Kaski district. In analytical hierarchy process, the factors for zonation were compared by Couple Comparison Method and their weights were determined using Arithmetic Mean Method and earned weight values of each factor. The landslide hazard zonation model was employed to prepare landslide hazard zonation map of the study area, and then classified into five relative hazard classes using the equal interval classification method. Finally, the landslide hazard zonation map was crossed with the landslide distribution map and the model applicability was confirmed by determining the per hazard class percent of area covered by the landslide. In the land hazard zonation map, 0.44% of the study area was in very low hazard, 2.11% in low hazard, 54.92% in moderate hazard, 21.34% in high hazard and 21.19% in very high hazard area. The major portion of the study area was on the moderate zone whereas the least portion was on the very low hazard zone. In the study area, most of the high and very high hazard class areas were found occupying the areas closer to the linear triggering factors like presence of linement and fault, presence of motorable road and presence of rivers and streams. The landslide density of the study area was found to be 0.44 per km2 indicating the higher hazard susceptibility of the area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v22i2.9198Banko Janakari: A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 22, No. 2, 2012 November Page: 43-52 Uploaded date: 12/1/2013

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Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100060027 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 2-3

Author(s):

Cecil E. Hall

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Molecular Biology ◽

Noise Level ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Material Structure ◽

The Arts ◽

Shadow Casting ◽

Electron Image ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

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