scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA FUSARIOSE EM PIMENTA-DO-REINO

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Lyra Brumat ◽  
Marcelo Silva ◽  
Antonio Fernando de Souza ◽  
Ivoney Gontijo ◽  
Edney Leandro da Vitória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Taylor’S Law ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The One ◽  
Best Fit

Objetivou-se com o trabalho estudar a dinâmica de distribuição espaço-temporal da fusariose em pimenta-do-reino. Foram monitoradas quatro áreas de plantio, no município de São Mateus-ES, no período de dez/2015 a dez/2016. Realizaram-se seis avaliações da doença. As plantas foram avaliadas visualmente em busca dos sintomas típicos da doença. A presença ou ausência de sintomas, e a posição de cada planta, foram anotadas em planilhas obtendo-se o mapeamento da evolução da doença dentro das áreas. Com base nos mapas criados fez-se o estudo da distribuição espaço-temporal. A partir dos dados de incidência calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) e realizou-se o ajuste de modelos epidemiológicos.  Para o estudo espacial utilizou-se a Lei de Taylor modificada, o Índice de Dispersão (ID) e a análise de dinâmica e estrutura de focos (ADEF). O modelo monomolecular foi o que melhor se ajustou à curva de progresso da fusariose.  Observou-se que os resultados de ID variaram em cada área. A Lei de Taylor modificada indicou distribuição agregada somente em uma área.  A ADEF demonstrou que com a evolução da doença ao longo do tempo os focos se tornavam maiores e em menor número.Palavras-chave: Piper nigrum; Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis; epidemiologia. SPATIO-TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF FUSARIOSIS IN BLACK PEPPER ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of fusariosis in black pepper. Four planting areas were monitored in the municipality of São Mateus-ES, in the period from 10/2015 to 10 / 2016. Six classifieds of the disease were carried out. The plants were visually evaluated for the typical symptoms of the disease. The presence or absence of symptoms, and the position of each plant, were recorded on planets and the mapping of the evolution of the disease within the areas was obtained. Based on the sites visited, he studied the spatial-temporal distribution. From the calculation data, an area under the disease progress curve (AACPD) is calculated and adjusted for epidemiological models. For the spatial study we used a modified Taylor's Law, the Dispersion Index (ID) and a dynamics and foci structure analysis (ADEF). The monomolecular model was the one that best fit the progression curve of fusariosis. It was observed that the ID results varied in each area. The modified Taylor Law indicated the distribution of content in an area. ADEF demonstrated an evolution of the disease over time as the outbreaks became larger and smaller.Keywords: Piper nigrum; Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis; epidemiology.

scholarly journals In vitro toxin production by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes R. Duarte ◽  
Simon A. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Detached Leaves

Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis (teleomorph: Nectria haematococca f. sp. piperis), causal agent of root rot and stem blight on black pepper (Piper nigrum), produces secondary metabolites with toxigenic properties, capable of inducing vein discoloration in detached leaves and wilting in transpiring microcuttings. Production of F. solani f. sp. piperis (Fsp) toxic metabolites reached a peak after 25 days of static incubation on potato sucrose broth at 25 ºC under illumination. Changes in the pH of the culture filtrate did not alter the effect of toxic metabolites. However, when the pH was changed before the medium had been autoclaved, a more intense biological response was observed, with an optimum at pH 6.0. Isolates that produced red pigments in liquid cultures were more efficient in producing biologically active culture filtrates than those which produced pink coloured or clear filtrates suggesting that these pigments could be related to toxigenic activity. Detached leaves of seven black pepper cultivars and Piper betle showed symptoms of vein discoloration after immersion in autoclaved and non-autoclaved Fsp culture filtrates indicating the thermostable nature of these toxic metabolites.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO ESPACIAL DA FUSARIOSE E DOS ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NO CULTIVO DA PIMENTA-DO-REINO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Carla Da Penha Simon ◽  
Ana Carolina Lyra Brumat ◽  
Marcelo Barreto Da Silva ◽  
Bernardo Torres Olmo ◽  
Edney Leandro da Vitória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Irregular Sampling ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Chemical Attributes

A pimenta-do-reino é a especiaria mais consumida no mundo e o Brasil destaca-se como um dos maiores produtores. Um dos grandes limitantes no seu cultivo é a fusariose (Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis). Objetivou-se com a realização deste estudo caracterizar a variabilidade espacial da fusariose em pimenta-do-reino, verificando a existência de relação com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma lavoura localizada no município de São Mateus-ES, na qual foi estabelecida uma malha amostral irregular com 79 pontos, abrangendo uma área de um hectare.  Para a amostragem da fusariose foi realizado um levantamento, onde uma planta por ponto da malha amostral foi classificada em sadia, doente ou morta.  Os atributos do solo amostrados foram: pH em H2O, matéria orgânica, cálcio, magnésio, potássio e textura do solo. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e ferramentas da geoestatística. Os semivariogramas ajustados apresentaram uma forte dependência espacial para as variáveis intensidade da fusariose, altimetria, matéria orgânica, textura do solo, pH, cálcio, magnésio potássio (89, 94, 92, 94, 93, 91, 100 e 85 % respectivamente). Os mapas gerados indicam que não há relação da intensidade da fusariose com os atributos do solo estudados no experimento.Palavra-chave: epidemiologia, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, geoestatística, Piper nigrum L. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FUSARIOSE AND SOIL ATTRIBUTES IN THE BLACK PEPPER CULTIVATION  ABSTRACT:Black pepper is the most consumed spice in the world, Brazil stands out as one of the largest producers. One of the major constraints in cultivation is fusariosis (Fusarium solani f. Piperis). The objective of this study was characterize the spatial variability of fusariosis in black pepper and verify the relationship of chemical attributes of the soil. The study was developed in a tillage located in the municipality of São Mateus - ES, which exist an irregular sampling network was established with 79 points, covering an area of one hectare. For the sampling of fusariosis intensity, the survey was performed, where one plant per point of the sample mesh was classified as healthy, symptomatic or dead. The attributes of the soil sampled were: pH in H2O, organic matter, nutrient content (calcium, magnesium, potassium) and soil texture. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and geostatistics tools. The adjusted semivariograms indicated a strong spatial dependence for the variables intensity of fusariosis, altimetry, organic matter, soil texture, pH, calcium, potassium magnesium (89, 94, 92, 94, 93, 91, 100 and 85%, respectively). The generated maps indicate that there is no relation between the incidence of fusariosis and the soil attributes studied in the experiment.Keywords: epidemiology, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, geostatistics, Piper nigrum L. DOI:

scholarly journals IcePAC – a probabilistic tool to study sea ice spatio-temporal dynamics: application to the Hudson Bay area

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Gignac ◽  
Monique Bernier ◽  
Karem Chokmani
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. A reliable knowledge and assessment of the sea ice conditions and their evolution in time is a priority for numerous decision makers in the domains of coastal and offshore management and engineering as well as in commercial navigation. As of today, countless research projects aimed at both modelling and mapping past, actual and future sea ice conditions were completed using sea ice numerical models, statistical models, educated guesses or remote sensing imagery. From this research, reliable information helping to understand sea ice evolution in space and in time is available to stakeholders. However, no research has, until present, assessed the evolution of sea ice cover with a frequency modelling approach, by identifying the underlying theoretical distribution describing the sea ice behaviour at a given point in space and time. This project suggests the development of a probabilistic tool, named IcePAC, based on frequency modelling of historical 1978–2015 passive microwave sea ice concentrations maps from the EUMETSAT OSI-409 product, to study the sea ice spatio-temporal behaviour in the waters of the Hudson Bay system in northeast Canada. Grid-cell-scale models are based on the generalized beta distribution and generated at a weekly temporal resolution. Results showed coherence with the Canadian Ice Service 1981–2010 Sea Ice Climatic Atlas average freeze-up and melt-out dates for numerous coastal communities in the study area and showed that it is possible to evaluate a range of plausible events, such as the shortest and longest probable ice-free season duration, for any given location in the simulation domain. Results obtained in this project pave the way towards various analyses on sea ice concentration spatio-temporal distribution patterns that would gain in terms of information content and value by relying on the kind of probabilistic information and simulation data available from the IcePAC tool.

scholarly journals HR3DHG version 1: modelling the spatio-temporal dynamics of mercury in the Augusta Bay (southern Italy)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Denaro ◽  
Daniela Salvagio Manta ◽  
Alessandro Borri ◽  
Maria Bonsignore ◽  
Davide Valenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Dissolved Mercury

Abstract. The biogeochemical dynamics of Hg, and specifically of its three species Hg0, HgII, and MeHg (elemental, inorganic, and organic, respectively) in the marine coastal area of Augusta Bay (southern Italy) have been explored by the high resolution 3D Hg (HR3DHG) model, namely an advection-diffusion-reaction model for the dissolved mercury in the seawater compartment coupled with i) a diffusion-reaction model for dissolved mercury in the pore water of sediments and ii) a sorption/de-sorption model for total mercury in the sediments. The spatio-temporal variability of dissolved and total mercury concentration both in seawater ([HgD] and [HgT]) first layers of bottom sediments ([HgsedD] and [HgsedT]), and the Hg fluxes at the boundaries of the 3D model domain have been theoretically reproduced, showing an excellent agreement with the experimental data, collected in multiple field observations during six different oceanographic cruises. The mass-balance of the different Hg species in seawater has been calculated for the Augusta Harbor, improving previous estimations. The HR3DHG model includes modules that can be implemented for specific and detailed exploration of the effects of climate change on the spatio-temporal distribution of Hg in highly contaminated coastal-marine areas.

scholarly journals Hot spot detection and spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue in Queensland, Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naish ◽  
S. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

Dengue has been a major public health concern in Australia since it re-emerged in Queensland in 1992–1993. This study explored spatio-temporal distribution and clustering of locally-acquired dengue cases in Queensland State, Australia and identified target areas for effective interventions. A computerised locally-acquired dengue case dataset was collected from Queensland Health for Queensland from 1993 to 2012. Descriptive spatial and temporal analyses were conducted using geographic information system tools and geostatistical techniques. Dengue hot spots were detected using SatScan method. Descriptive spatial analysis showed that a total of 2,398 locally-acquired dengue cases were recorded in central and northern regions of tropical Queensland. A seasonal pattern was observed with most of the cases occurring in autumn. Spatial and temporal variation of dengue cases was observed in the geographic areas affected by dengue over time. Tropical areas are potential high-risk areas for mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue. This study demonstrated that the locally-acquired dengue cases have exhibited a spatial and temporal variation over the past twenty years in tropical Queensland, Australia. There is a clear evidence for the existence of statistically significant clusters of dengue and these clusters varied over time. These findings enabled us to detect and target dengue clusters suggesting that the use of geospatial information can assist the health authority in planning dengue control activities and it would allow for better design and implementation of dengue management programs.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolic Profiles of Two Cultivars of Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) Resulting from Infection by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirlley da Luz ◽  
Lydia Yamaguchi ◽  
Massuo Kato ◽  
Oriel de Lemos ◽  
Luciana Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Metabolic Profiles

Relations and trends of Fire Weather Severity and MODIS Burned Area in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Marjanovic ◽  
Anikó Kern ◽  
Masa Zorana Ostrogovic Sever ◽  
Visnja Vucetic ◽  
Mislav Anic
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
European Forest ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

<p>Wildfires can inflict serious damage to forest ecosystems, agricultural areas and often endanger human settlements and lives. Rising global temperatures and changes in precipitation pattern increase the risk of severe fires. In Croatia, the areas currently most affected with high risk of forest fires are located in the Mediterranean region. Due to climate change the risk will likely increase and further strain the available fire-fighting resources. The situation could be even more alarming in Continental parts of the country where forest fires were not common in the past, but may become increasingly likely in the near future. Therefore, accurately assessing the wildfire risk is increasingly important in implementing fire-avoidance activities and optimizing the management of country’s fire-fighting resources.</p><p>The aim of our study is to assess the change in the spatio-temporal distribution of the fire Daily Severity Rating (DSR) and the Seasonal Severity Rating (SSR) in the last two decades, with respect to the reference period 1961–1990. We present a spatial analysis of SSR for the period 1989–2018 in Croatia based on the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) data and compare it with the one of European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS). The relation between the SSR and the burned area, estimated from MODIS MCD64A1 Version 6 Burned Area data product, during 2001–2018 is investigated with the aim to facilitate locally optimized model for the assessment of the expected burned area associated with a given SSR. The results should contribute to improved understanding of the near-future risk of severe fires in Croatia related to possible future climate scenarios.</p>

scholarly journals Increased aerosols content in the atmosphere over Ukraine during summer 2010

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Galytska ◽  
Vassyl Danylevsky ◽  
René Hommel ◽  
John P. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
532 Nm

Abstract. In this paper we assess the influence of one of the most important sources of aerosols in the atmosphere, biomass burning, during summer 2010 on the abundance, dynamics, and properties of aerosols over Ukraine, also considering influences and effects over neighboring countries: ETR, Estonia, Belarus, Poland, Moldova, and Romania. MODIS satellite instrument data were used to study fires distribution. Ground-based remote measurements from the international sun photometers network AERONET and MODIS and CALIOP satellite instruments data were used to determine aerosols content and optical properties in the atmosphere over East Europe. HYSPLIT model was used to further investigate atmospheric dynamics and to simulate pathways of particles transport. We found that the highest air pollution was observed over Moscow in the first half of August 2010, apparently due to the proximity of the most active combustion centers. Significant temporal dynamics of the aerosols content with pronounced pollution peaks during August 7–17 was observed at Ukrainian (Kyiv, Sevastopol), Belarusian (Minsk), Estonian (Toravere) and Romanian (Bucharest) AERONET sites. Aerosols spatio-temporal distribution over Ukraine were constructed and analyzed using MODIS AOD 550 nm data validated by Kyiv AERONET site sunphotometer measurements, and CALIOP AOD 532 nm validated by MODIS AOD data. Vertical distribution of aerosols extinction at 532 nm, retrieved from the measurements by CALIOP, were constructed for the territory of Ukraine at locations where high AOD values were observed during intense wildfires. The influence of the fires on the optical and microphysical properties of aerosol particles, such as size distribution, spectral single-scattering albedo and refractive indices, was analyzed and estimated using Kyiv AERONET measurements, performed during summer 2010. In this study we show that the highest aerosols pollution over Ukraine recorded on summer 2010 was caused by particles transported from the forest fires in Russia. These fires caused the highest AOD 440 nm over Kyiv site, which for August 2010 exceeded the mean value for the same month for the entire observational period by factor of two. Also, the influence of fires resulted in a change of particles microphysical properties in the regions, where pollution was the highest.

scholarly journals Modeling of Evaporation-Driven Multiple Salt Precipitation in Porous Media with a Real Field Application

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emna Mejri ◽  
Rainer Helmig ◽  
Rachida Bouhlila
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The One

Soil and groundwater salinization are very important environmental issues of global concern. They threaten mainly the arid and semiarid regions characterized by dry climate conditions and an increase of irrigation practices. Among these regions, the south of Tunisia is considered, on the one hand, to be a salt-affected zone facing a twofold problem: The scarcity of water resources and the degradation of their quality due to the overexploitation of the aquifers for irrigation needs. On the other hand, this Tunisian landform is the only adequate area for planting date palm trees which provide the country with the first and most important exportation product. In order to maintain the existence of these oases and develop the date production, a good understanding of the salinization problem threatening this region, and the ability to predict its distribution and evolution, should not be underestimated. The work presented in this paper deals with the Oasis of Segdoud in southern Tunisia, with the objective of modeling the evaporation-driven salt precipitation processes at the soil profile scale and under real climatic conditions. The model used is based on the one developed and presented in a previous work. In order to fulfil the real field conditions, a further extension of the geochemical system of the existing model was required. The precipitated salts considered in this work were halite (NaCl), gypsum (CaSO4) and thenardite (Na2SO4). The extended model reproduces very well the same tendencies of the physico-chemical processes of the natural system in terms of the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution of the evaporation and multiple-salt precipitation. It sheds new lights on the simulation of sequences of salt precipitation in arid regions. The simulation results provide an analysis of the influence of salt precipitation on hydrodynamic properties of the porous medium (porosity and permeability). Moreover, the sensitivity analysis done here reveals the influence of the water table level on the evaporation rate.

A REACTION–DIFFUSION MODEL FOR THE CONTROL OF CHOLERA EPIDEMIC

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 431-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. MISRA ◽  
ALOK GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Model ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of cholera outbreaks may help in devising more effective control procedures. In this paper, we have considered a reaction–diffusion system for biological control of cholera epidemic. Firstly, we have focused on temporal evolution of cholera in a region and its control using lytic bacteriophage in the aquatic reservoirs. Then, we have explored the effect of spatial dispersion of populations on the disease dynamics. We have observed the onset of sustained oscillations via Hopf-bifurcation for the endemic state of temporal system. This onset of fluctuations in populations depends upon the phage adsorption rate. But in the spatially extended setting, all the populations stabilize i.e., the spatio-temporal distribution of all the populations becomes uniform. Some numerical computations have been done to verify analytical results.

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